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January 26, 2025
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October 4, 2025
Published
September 30, 2025
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the development of boccia balls to find valid and effective children with special needs disabilities at SLB-D.D1 YPAC Palembang City. The study is a research and development (R&D) research and development with the stages of borg & gall. The subjects of the study were students of SLB D.D1 YPAC Palembang City, 10 people on a small scale and 20 people on a large scale. Data were collected through questionnaires and skills tests. Data analysis used percentage analysis and paired sample t-test. The results of the final product of this study are in the form of boccia ball media which are intended for training children with special needs at SLB D.D1 YPAC Palembang City in practicing and playing boccia games. The development product has a very feasible meaning through the validation value of the media expert, which is 100% and the game expert, which is 91.67% very valid with an average validation value of 95.8% very valid. The effectiveness test explains that the developed boccia ball has an effect on improving the boccia game skills of special needs children at SLB D.D1 YPAC Palembang City, which is marked by a change in skills of 24.2 from the previous 17.1 in the early test and 25.4 from the previous 16.8 in the field test. The usefulness of this product is able to improve the achievements of boccia athletes in Palembang City. Helping coaches overcome the shortcomings of the training facilities aspect, namely the very minimal ball equipment and helping to accelerate the development of Boccia sports achievements in Palembang. The novelty of this research is developing media and facilities for matches and training in the form of balls, meeting the expected achievement of match results, getting used to adapting to balls that have standard weight and meeting the lack of ball media for training.
Keywords
Boccia Ball
Development
Physicallly Disabled
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Copyright (c) 2025 Arizky Ramadhan, Iyakrus, Hartati, Wahyu Indra Bayu, Herri yusfi, Yahya Eko Nopiyanto
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How to Cite
Arizky Ramadhan, Iyakrus, Hartati, Wahyu Indra Bayu, Herri yusfi, & Yahya Eko Nopiyanto. (2025). Development of Boccia Balls in Children with Special Needs and Physically Impaired . Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 9(3), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v9i3.40024
References
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Anggriyani, A. J., Oktapia, D., Riko, M., & Liyosan, M. (2023). Bagaimana Agar Penyandang Tunadaksa Mampu Menjadi Pribadi yang Bahagia. 09(September), 13–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i04.1627
Aryanti, S., Ramadhan, A., Septi Ariski, G., Sriwijaya, U., & Author, C. (2023). the Effect of Hand Paddle Training on 50 Meter Freestyle Swimming Speed in Beginner. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 6(2), 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v6i2.10616
Aryanti, S., & Richard Victorian, A. (2020). Development of Physical Test Applications Basketball Sports Model in Regional Student Education and Training Center Hartati Physical Education and Health FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya. 422(Icope 2019), 176–178.
Cindy, R. A. (2017). Permainan Bocce Modifikasi Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan Di Sekolah Luar Biasa. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 1–7.
Dr. Suharsiwi, M. P. (2017). Buku Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus.
Fazari, B. S., Komariyah, L., Rahmat, A., & Carsiwan, C. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Permainan Olahraga Bocce dalam Pembelajaran Penjas pada Siswa Tunagrahita: Systematic Literature Review. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga (JPJO), 7(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v7i1.8085
Gandes Luwes, U. H. (2020). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Melalui Kegiatan Melempar Bola Pada Olahraga Boccia Dengan Pendekatan Hots Di SMALB – D1 YPAC Surakarta. BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology), 3(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v3i2.2810
Hartati, Iyakrus, Vergara, L. A., & Author, C. (2020). Physical Fitness Level Vs Comulative Achievement Index. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 2019–2023.
Hikmawati, H., Iyakrus, I., & Ramadhan, A. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Gerak Dasar Passing Bawah Menggunakan Metode Latihan Bola Gantung. Jendela Olahraga, 8(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v8i1.14325
Iyakrus, I., Ramadhan, A., Bayu, W. I., & Sari, N. M. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Pitcher Machine Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Smash Bulu Tangkis. Jambura Health and Sport Journal, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37311/jhsj.v5i1.17759
Kumbara, H., & Alfatih, A. F. (2024). KLASTERISASI FITNESS TEST CABOR BELADIRI KABUPATEN LAHAT UNTUK. 5, 703–709.
Oleo, H., Oleo, H., & Info, A. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani The Relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Togok Flexibility with Butterfly Swimming Speed. 8(4).
Patel, D. R., Neelakantan, M., Pandher, K., & Merrick, J. (2020). Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. Translational Pediatrics, 9(1), S125–S135. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.01.01
Pratiwi, I., & Hartosujono, H. (2017). Resiliensi Pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa Non Bawaan. Jurnal Spirits, 5(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v5i1.1057
Puspitaningsari, M., Nawil Satriyawan, L., & Nur Synthiawati, N. (2022). Pengaruh Modifikasi Bermain Bola Bocce Terhadap Kemampuan Melempar Pada Siswa Tunagrahita Sedang. Jurnal Porkes, 5(1), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i1.5721
Ramadhan, A., Iyakrus, I., & Nopiyanto, Y. E. (2024). Development of Sepak Takraw Model Through TGFU to Improve Basic Athlete Junior in Playing Sepak Takraw. Kinestetik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 131–138.
Rohmah, L. N., Lutfhansa, L., & Istiawan, N. (2024). Effort to Improve Self Service Activities With Play Methods in The Perspective of Parenting of Parents Children With Autism. 7(I), 184–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v7i1.14121
Rusdin, L. O., & Asrin, A. F. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani Effectiveness of Ball Standing Throw Training on Heading Ability in Football Games. 8(4), 842–853.
Sarbani, M., & Kumbara, H. (2024). Hubungan Motivasi Latihan dan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dengan Mental Toughness pada Club Bola Voli Saudara Jaya Grub ( SJG ).
Sari, N. M., Iyakrus, I., Bayu, W. I., Syafaruddin, S., & Yusfi, H. (2022). Pengembangan Alat Latihan Smash Bulu Tangkis Berbasis Teknologi Pitcher Machine. Bravo’s : Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Kesehatan, 10(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.32682/bravos.v10i4.2778
Sari, O. N. K., Hartati, H., & Aryanti, S. (2019). Latihan Plyometric Medicine Ball Throw Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Free Throw Pada Permainan Bola Basket. Altius : Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.36706/altius.v6i2.8077
Setiawan, B., Kumbara, H., & Sari, P. S. (2025). Pengaruh Latihan Jump to Box terhadap Kemampuan Lay Up Shoot Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Basket SMK Negeri 2 Palembang. 1.
Sopandi, M. A., & Nesi, N. (2021). Fisioterapi Pada Kasus Cerebral Palsy. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 1(2), 47–50. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v1i2.70
Sulistyawati, N., & Mansur, A. R. (2019). Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab dan Tanda Gejala Anak Cerebral Palsy. 7(1), 77–89.
Taufan, J. (2021). Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Olahraga Bocce bagi Anak Down Syndrome di SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 9(2), 15–24.
References
Anggriyani, A. J., Oktapia, D., Riko, M., & Liyosan, M. (2023). Bagaimana Agar Penyandang Tunadaksa Mampu Menjadi Pribadi yang Bahagia. 09(September), 13–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i04.1627
Aryanti, S., Ramadhan, A., Septi Ariski, G., Sriwijaya, U., & Author, C. (2023). the Effect of Hand Paddle Training on 50 Meter Freestyle Swimming Speed in Beginner. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 6(2), 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v6i2.10616
Aryanti, S., & Richard Victorian, A. (2020). Development of Physical Test Applications Basketball Sports Model in Regional Student Education and Training Center Hartati Physical Education and Health FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya. 422(Icope 2019), 176–178.
Cindy, R. A. (2017). Permainan Bocce Modifikasi Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan Di Sekolah Luar Biasa. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 1–7.
Dr. Suharsiwi, M. P. (2017). Buku Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus.
Fazari, B. S., Komariyah, L., Rahmat, A., & Carsiwan, C. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Permainan Olahraga Bocce dalam Pembelajaran Penjas pada Siswa Tunagrahita: Systematic Literature Review. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga (JPJO), 7(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v7i1.8085
Gandes Luwes, U. H. (2020). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Melalui Kegiatan Melempar Bola Pada Olahraga Boccia Dengan Pendekatan Hots Di SMALB – D1 YPAC Surakarta. BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology), 3(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v3i2.2810
Hartati, Iyakrus, Vergara, L. A., & Author, C. (2020). Physical Fitness Level Vs Comulative Achievement Index. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 2019–2023.
Hikmawati, H., Iyakrus, I., & Ramadhan, A. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Gerak Dasar Passing Bawah Menggunakan Metode Latihan Bola Gantung. Jendela Olahraga, 8(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v8i1.14325
Iyakrus, I., Ramadhan, A., Bayu, W. I., & Sari, N. M. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Pitcher Machine Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Smash Bulu Tangkis. Jambura Health and Sport Journal, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37311/jhsj.v5i1.17759
Kumbara, H., & Alfatih, A. F. (2024). KLASTERISASI FITNESS TEST CABOR BELADIRI KABUPATEN LAHAT UNTUK. 5, 703–709.
Oleo, H., Oleo, H., & Info, A. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani The Relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Togok Flexibility with Butterfly Swimming Speed. 8(4).
Patel, D. R., Neelakantan, M., Pandher, K., & Merrick, J. (2020). Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. Translational Pediatrics, 9(1), S125–S135. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.01.01
Pratiwi, I., & Hartosujono, H. (2017). Resiliensi Pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa Non Bawaan. Jurnal Spirits, 5(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v5i1.1057
Puspitaningsari, M., Nawil Satriyawan, L., & Nur Synthiawati, N. (2022). Pengaruh Modifikasi Bermain Bola Bocce Terhadap Kemampuan Melempar Pada Siswa Tunagrahita Sedang. Jurnal Porkes, 5(1), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i1.5721
Ramadhan, A., Iyakrus, I., & Nopiyanto, Y. E. (2024). Development of Sepak Takraw Model Through TGFU to Improve Basic Athlete Junior in Playing Sepak Takraw. Kinestetik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 131–138.
Rohmah, L. N., Lutfhansa, L., & Istiawan, N. (2024). Effort to Improve Self Service Activities With Play Methods in The Perspective of Parenting of Parents Children With Autism. 7(I), 184–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v7i1.14121
Rusdin, L. O., & Asrin, A. F. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani Effectiveness of Ball Standing Throw Training on Heading Ability in Football Games. 8(4), 842–853.
Sarbani, M., & Kumbara, H. (2024). Hubungan Motivasi Latihan dan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dengan Mental Toughness pada Club Bola Voli Saudara Jaya Grub ( SJG ).
Sari, N. M., Iyakrus, I., Bayu, W. I., Syafaruddin, S., & Yusfi, H. (2022). Pengembangan Alat Latihan Smash Bulu Tangkis Berbasis Teknologi Pitcher Machine. Bravo’s : Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Kesehatan, 10(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.32682/bravos.v10i4.2778
Sari, O. N. K., Hartati, H., & Aryanti, S. (2019). Latihan Plyometric Medicine Ball Throw Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Free Throw Pada Permainan Bola Basket. Altius : Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.36706/altius.v6i2.8077
Setiawan, B., Kumbara, H., & Sari, P. S. (2025). Pengaruh Latihan Jump to Box terhadap Kemampuan Lay Up Shoot Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Basket SMK Negeri 2 Palembang. 1.
Sopandi, M. A., & Nesi, N. (2021). Fisioterapi Pada Kasus Cerebral Palsy. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 1(2), 47–50. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v1i2.70
Sulistyawati, N., & Mansur, A. R. (2019). Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab dan Tanda Gejala Anak Cerebral Palsy. 7(1), 77–89.
Taufan, J. (2021). Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Olahraga Bocce bagi Anak Down Syndrome di SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 9(2), 15–24.
Aryanti, S., Ramadhan, A., Septi Ariski, G., Sriwijaya, U., & Author, C. (2023). the Effect of Hand Paddle Training on 50 Meter Freestyle Swimming Speed in Beginner. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 6(2), 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/hon.v6i2.10616
Aryanti, S., & Richard Victorian, A. (2020). Development of Physical Test Applications Basketball Sports Model in Regional Student Education and Training Center Hartati Physical Education and Health FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya. 422(Icope 2019), 176–178.
Cindy, R. A. (2017). Permainan Bocce Modifikasi Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan Di Sekolah Luar Biasa. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 1–7.
Dr. Suharsiwi, M. P. (2017). Buku Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus.
Fazari, B. S., Komariyah, L., Rahmat, A., & Carsiwan, C. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Permainan Olahraga Bocce dalam Pembelajaran Penjas pada Siswa Tunagrahita: Systematic Literature Review. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga (JPJO), 7(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v7i1.8085
Gandes Luwes, U. H. (2020). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Melalui Kegiatan Melempar Bola Pada Olahraga Boccia Dengan Pendekatan Hots Di SMALB – D1 YPAC Surakarta. BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology), 3(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.30743/best.v3i2.2810
Hartati, Iyakrus, Vergara, L. A., & Author, C. (2020). Physical Fitness Level Vs Comulative Achievement Index. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12), 2019–2023.
Hikmawati, H., Iyakrus, I., & Ramadhan, A. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Gerak Dasar Passing Bawah Menggunakan Metode Latihan Bola Gantung. Jendela Olahraga, 8(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v8i1.14325
Iyakrus, I., Ramadhan, A., Bayu, W. I., & Sari, N. M. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Pitcher Machine Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Smash Bulu Tangkis. Jambura Health and Sport Journal, 5(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37311/jhsj.v5i1.17759
Kumbara, H., & Alfatih, A. F. (2024). KLASTERISASI FITNESS TEST CABOR BELADIRI KABUPATEN LAHAT UNTUK. 5, 703–709.
Oleo, H., Oleo, H., & Info, A. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani The Relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Togok Flexibility with Butterfly Swimming Speed. 8(4).
Patel, D. R., Neelakantan, M., Pandher, K., & Merrick, J. (2020). Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. Translational Pediatrics, 9(1), S125–S135. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.01.01
Pratiwi, I., & Hartosujono, H. (2017). Resiliensi Pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa Non Bawaan. Jurnal Spirits, 5(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v5i1.1057
Puspitaningsari, M., Nawil Satriyawan, L., & Nur Synthiawati, N. (2022). Pengaruh Modifikasi Bermain Bola Bocce Terhadap Kemampuan Melempar Pada Siswa Tunagrahita Sedang. Jurnal Porkes, 5(1), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i1.5721
Ramadhan, A., Iyakrus, I., & Nopiyanto, Y. E. (2024). Development of Sepak Takraw Model Through TGFU to Improve Basic Athlete Junior in Playing Sepak Takraw. Kinestetik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 131–138.
Rohmah, L. N., Lutfhansa, L., & Istiawan, N. (2024). Effort to Improve Self Service Activities With Play Methods in The Perspective of Parenting of Parents Children With Autism. 7(I), 184–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31851/hon.v7i1.14121
Rusdin, L. O., & Asrin, A. F. (2024). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani Effectiveness of Ball Standing Throw Training on Heading Ability in Football Games. 8(4), 842–853.
Sarbani, M., & Kumbara, H. (2024). Hubungan Motivasi Latihan dan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dengan Mental Toughness pada Club Bola Voli Saudara Jaya Grub ( SJG ).
Sari, N. M., Iyakrus, I., Bayu, W. I., Syafaruddin, S., & Yusfi, H. (2022). Pengembangan Alat Latihan Smash Bulu Tangkis Berbasis Teknologi Pitcher Machine. Bravo’s : Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Kesehatan, 10(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.32682/bravos.v10i4.2778
Sari, O. N. K., Hartati, H., & Aryanti, S. (2019). Latihan Plyometric Medicine Ball Throw Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Free Throw Pada Permainan Bola Basket. Altius : Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.36706/altius.v6i2.8077
Setiawan, B., Kumbara, H., & Sari, P. S. (2025). Pengaruh Latihan Jump to Box terhadap Kemampuan Lay Up Shoot Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Basket SMK Negeri 2 Palembang. 1.
Sopandi, M. A., & Nesi, N. (2021). Fisioterapi Pada Kasus Cerebral Palsy. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 1(2), 47–50. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v1i2.70
Sulistyawati, N., & Mansur, A. R. (2019). Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab dan Tanda Gejala Anak Cerebral Palsy. 7(1), 77–89.
Taufan, J. (2021). Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Olahraga Bocce bagi Anak Down Syndrome di SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 9(2), 15–24.