Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to identify and map the factors that influence the perception of sports coach performance based on published research results. The research design used is a scoping review, which allows researchers to explore key concepts and existing empirical evidence, while identifying gaps in the literature. The literature was obtained through a systematic search in the PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases, with keywords such as "coach performance", "perception", "sports coach", and "factors influencing". The articles analyzed were limited to publications in 2020–2024, in English, open access and were scientific articles. The results of this study found 8 articles, showing that the perception of coach performance is influenced by various factors such as leadership style, technical competence, coach personality, quality of coach-athlete relationship, communication strategy, and collaboration with the performance support team. A transformative and communicative leadership style, positive interpersonal relationships, and proper training planning have been shown to increase athletes' positive perceptions of coaches. These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to evaluating coach performance, which includes technical, social, and emotional skills. This research is expected to be the basis for developing more effective sports coaches that are oriented towards the welfare and performance of athletes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Novandi Firdaus Yusup, Trisnar Adi Prabowo, Haeruddin Azhari, M. Azy’ Ari

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References
- Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Bell, L., Ruddock, A., Maden-Wilkinson, T., & Rogerson, D. (2022). “I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches’ Perceptions of Planned Overreaching. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.893581
- Burns, A., Collins, D., & Nolte, L. (2024). Coaches’ experiences of performance support teams. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 19(3), 965–977. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241228814
- Choi, H., Jeong, Y., & Kim, S. K. (2020). The relationship between coaching behavior and athlete burnout: Mediating effects of communication and the coach– athlete relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228618
- Cook, G. M., Fletcher, D., & Peyrebrune, M. (2022). Olympic coaching excellence: A quantitative study of Olympic swimmers’ perceptions of their coaches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1976486
- Fan, F., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Li, B., Guo, L., Shi, Y., … Shi, H. (2023). How relationship-maintenance strategies influence athlete burnout: Mediating roles of coach–athlete relationship and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1104143
- Fitrianto, A. T., Prayoga, H. D., Rizky, O. B., Sutresna, N., Sinulingga, A., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). Perspectives towards training approaches to skill achievement in swimming athletes: mixed methods. Physical Culture, Recreation and Rehabilitation, 3(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.15561/physcult.2024.0205
- Juita, A., Tomoliyus, T., Hariono, A., Syahriadi, S., Sukamti, E. R., Fauzi, F., … Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The effect of service quality and coach competency on the motivation and achievement of Riau basketball student-athletes. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 13, 12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564821
- Mandan, A., Syahriadi, S., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024a). Analyzing Coaches’ Skills: A Survey of Table Tennis Coaches in Riau Province and DIY Province, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(02), 104–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v4i2.591
- Mandan, A., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Sukamti, E. R., Fauzi, F., Hariono, A., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The impact of service quality, family support, and coach-athlete intimacy on the achievement performance of student-athletes through motivation as a mediator. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 13, 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.574101
- Mucheke, C., Bailasha, N., & Waiganjo, L. B. (2023). Perception of Players on the Coach Competence and Team Performance in the Kenyan National Soccer and Volleyball Leagues. International Journal of Arts, Recreation and Sports, 1(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijars.1492
- Olsson, L. F., Madigan, D. J., Hill, A. P., & Grugan, M. C. (2022). Do Athlete and Coach Performance Perfectionism Predict Athlete Burnout? European Journal of Sport Science, 22(7), 1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1916080
- Parra-Camacho, D., Fernández-Piqueras, R., & Ballester-Esteve, I. (2023). Influence of Teaching Digital Competence and Professional Competencies on the Professional Performance of the Soccer Coach. Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research, 99(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2023-0012
- Prabowo, T. A. (2024). Athletes’ Satisfaction Towards Sport Training: an Initial Investigation and Development of Questionnaire. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 11(1), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i1.5365
- Prabowo, T. A., Afifah, M., Cahyo, F. D., Zakaria, A., & Indarto, A. V. (2025a). Self-Efficacy and Motivation Student in Physical Education Learning: Scoping Review. Jurnal Porkes, 8(1), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v8i1.29743
- Prabowo, T. A., Indarto, A. V., Zakaria, A., Cahyo, F. D., & Afifah, M. (2025b). The effect of physical fitness on academic achievement through self-confidence in adolescents aged 16 – 18 years: a scoping review. Physical Culture, Recreation and Rehabilitation, 4(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15561/physcult.2025.0105
- Setiawan, I., Tomoliyus, T., Juita, A., Wijayanti, N. P. N., & Prabowo, T. A. (2023). Analysis of Basketball Coach Competency: A Case Study of Student Level Basketball Coaches in Yogyakarta. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 06(07), 3215–3221. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i7-47
- Setiawan, N. A., Kinanti, R., & Nanda, F. A. (2023). Performance Motivation of Taekwondo Athletes: Coach-Athlete Relationship. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 2(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v2i1.226
- Soto Garcia, D., García Herrero, J. A., Carcedo, R. J., & Sánchez García, M. (2021). The Impact of an Authentic Sports Leadership Program for Coach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701134
- Sridana, R., Tomoliyus, T., Sukamti, E. R., Prabowo, T. A., & Abrori, R. B. (2024). The Effect of Coaching Style on Performance of Athletes Through Anxiety as Mediating Variable in Adolescent Swimmers El efecto del estilo de entrenamiento sobre el rendimiento de los deportistas a través de la ansiedad como variable mediadora en nadadores. Retos, 55, 241–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103150
- Weight, E., Lewis, M., & Harry, M. (2020). Self-Efficacy Belief and the Influential Coach: An Examination of Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Athlete Development and Experience, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.25035/jade.02.03.04
- Wijayanti, N. P. N., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Wedi, S., Artanayasa, W., Sudiana, K., … Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The influence of coaches’ behavior on achievement motivation and performance of Riau athletes. Sport TK, 13. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564811
- Yenen, E., Atamturk, H., & Atamturk, N. (2023). Exploring leadership behaviors of the coaches of champion teams. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1091703
- Yusup, N. F., Fauzi, F., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Budiarti, R., Prabowo, T. A., & Alfredatama, I. (2024). Analysis of Stress Management in Karate Athletes: Survey in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 11(1), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i1.5396
References
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Bell, L., Ruddock, A., Maden-Wilkinson, T., & Rogerson, D. (2022). “I Want to Create So Much Stimulus That Adaptation Goes Through the Roof”: High-Performance Strength Coaches’ Perceptions of Planned Overreaching. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.893581
Burns, A., Collins, D., & Nolte, L. (2024). Coaches’ experiences of performance support teams. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 19(3), 965–977. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241228814
Choi, H., Jeong, Y., & Kim, S. K. (2020). The relationship between coaching behavior and athlete burnout: Mediating effects of communication and the coach– athlete relationship. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228618
Cook, G. M., Fletcher, D., & Peyrebrune, M. (2022). Olympic coaching excellence: A quantitative study of Olympic swimmers’ perceptions of their coaches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1976486
Fan, F., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Li, B., Guo, L., Shi, Y., … Shi, H. (2023). How relationship-maintenance strategies influence athlete burnout: Mediating roles of coach–athlete relationship and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1104143
Fitrianto, A. T., Prayoga, H. D., Rizky, O. B., Sutresna, N., Sinulingga, A., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). Perspectives towards training approaches to skill achievement in swimming athletes: mixed methods. Physical Culture, Recreation and Rehabilitation, 3(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.15561/physcult.2024.0205
Juita, A., Tomoliyus, T., Hariono, A., Syahriadi, S., Sukamti, E. R., Fauzi, F., … Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The effect of service quality and coach competency on the motivation and achievement of Riau basketball student-athletes. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 13, 12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564821
Mandan, A., Syahriadi, S., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024a). Analyzing Coaches’ Skills: A Survey of Table Tennis Coaches in Riau Province and DIY Province, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(02), 104–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v4i2.591
Mandan, A., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Sukamti, E. R., Fauzi, F., Hariono, A., & Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The impact of service quality, family support, and coach-athlete intimacy on the achievement performance of student-athletes through motivation as a mediator. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 13, 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.574101
Mucheke, C., Bailasha, N., & Waiganjo, L. B. (2023). Perception of Players on the Coach Competence and Team Performance in the Kenyan National Soccer and Volleyball Leagues. International Journal of Arts, Recreation and Sports, 1(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijars.1492
Olsson, L. F., Madigan, D. J., Hill, A. P., & Grugan, M. C. (2022). Do Athlete and Coach Performance Perfectionism Predict Athlete Burnout? European Journal of Sport Science, 22(7), 1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1916080
Parra-Camacho, D., Fernández-Piqueras, R., & Ballester-Esteve, I. (2023). Influence of Teaching Digital Competence and Professional Competencies on the Professional Performance of the Soccer Coach. Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research, 99(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2023-0012
Prabowo, T. A. (2024). Athletes’ Satisfaction Towards Sport Training: an Initial Investigation and Development of Questionnaire. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 11(1), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i1.5365
Prabowo, T. A., Afifah, M., Cahyo, F. D., Zakaria, A., & Indarto, A. V. (2025a). Self-Efficacy and Motivation Student in Physical Education Learning: Scoping Review. Jurnal Porkes, 8(1), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v8i1.29743
Prabowo, T. A., Indarto, A. V., Zakaria, A., Cahyo, F. D., & Afifah, M. (2025b). The effect of physical fitness on academic achievement through self-confidence in adolescents aged 16 – 18 years: a scoping review. Physical Culture, Recreation and Rehabilitation, 4(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15561/physcult.2025.0105
Setiawan, I., Tomoliyus, T., Juita, A., Wijayanti, N. P. N., & Prabowo, T. A. (2023). Analysis of Basketball Coach Competency: A Case Study of Student Level Basketball Coaches in Yogyakarta. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 06(07), 3215–3221. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i7-47
Setiawan, N. A., Kinanti, R., & Nanda, F. A. (2023). Performance Motivation of Taekwondo Athletes: Coach-Athlete Relationship. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 2(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v2i1.226
Soto Garcia, D., García Herrero, J. A., Carcedo, R. J., & Sánchez García, M. (2021). The Impact of an Authentic Sports Leadership Program for Coach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701134
Sridana, R., Tomoliyus, T., Sukamti, E. R., Prabowo, T. A., & Abrori, R. B. (2024). The Effect of Coaching Style on Performance of Athletes Through Anxiety as Mediating Variable in Adolescent Swimmers El efecto del estilo de entrenamiento sobre el rendimiento de los deportistas a través de la ansiedad como variable mediadora en nadadores. Retos, 55, 241–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103150
Weight, E., Lewis, M., & Harry, M. (2020). Self-Efficacy Belief and the Influential Coach: An Examination of Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Athlete Development and Experience, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.25035/jade.02.03.04
Wijayanti, N. P. N., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Wedi, S., Artanayasa, W., Sudiana, K., … Prabowo, T. A. (2024). The influence of coaches’ behavior on achievement motivation and performance of Riau athletes. Sport TK, 13. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.564811
Yenen, E., Atamturk, H., & Atamturk, N. (2023). Exploring leadership behaviors of the coaches of champion teams. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1091703
Yusup, N. F., Fauzi, F., Tomoliyus, T., Alim, A., Budiarti, R., Prabowo, T. A., & Alfredatama, I. (2024). Analysis of Stress Management in Karate Athletes: Survey in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 11(1), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v11i1.5396