Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to identify the anxiety levels of male U16 volleyball athletes at VOPAS Semarang. The study used a quantitative descriptive method involving 30 athletes through total sampling. Data collection was conducted using the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) instrument, which consists of 15 statement items with a 4-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including minimum and maximum values, mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage to describe the general trend of the athletes' anxiety levels. The results showed that the anxiety scores ranged from 15.00 to 46.00, with a mean of 29.70 and a standard deviation of 9.41807. Based on categorization, 60% of athletes were at a moderate level of anxiety, 20% of athletes were in the low category, and 20% of athletes were in the high category. These findings indicate that most athletes experience moderate levels of anxiety with variations in responses between individuals within a team. The results of this study emphasize the importance of managing psychological aspects in the coaching process through the integration of mental training programs to support athletes' psychological readiness and stability in facing training and competition.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggit Pramudya Sulfanjanti, Wiga Nurlatifa Romadhoni

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References
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- Alifah, A. F., & Faruk, M. (2023). Tingkat Kecemasan (anxiety) Dalam Menghadapi Pertandingan Pada Atlet Tim Hockey Indoor Putri Jawa Timur. 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1234/jpo.v6i3.57649
- Amparo, R.-G., Manuel, C. S., & Alberto, M. D. (2025). The Effect of Ecological Approaches on Tactical Performance in Volleyball: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences, 15(12), 6721. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126721
- ‘Aqobah, Q. J., & Rhamadian, D. (2022). Dampak Kecemasan (Anxiety) dalam Olahraga terhadap Atlet. Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity (JOSITA), 1(1), 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52742/josita.v1i1
- Ariffin, N. A. K., Anuar, N., & Azhar, N. A. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Athlete Anxiety and Performance Between Individual and Team Sports in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(2), Pages 759-766. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i2/23505
- Beenen, K. T., Vosters, J. A., & Patel, D. R. (2025). Sport-related performance anxiety in young athletes: A clinical practice review. Translational Pediatrics, 14(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-24-258
- Bisagno, E., Morra, S., Basciano, M., Rosina, C., & Vitali, F. (2019). Assessing Individual Performance in Team Sports: A New Method Developed in Youth Volleyball. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 4(3), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030053
- Braz, D. G. D. A., Alves, J. K. S., Silva, S. M. L. D., & Oliveira, V. D. D. (2024). Mental Health and Inclusion as Protective Factors. International Journal of Human Sciences Research, 4(14), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5584142416048
- Britton, D. M., Kavanagh, E. J., & Polman, R. C. J. (2019). A Path Analysis of Adolescent Athletes’ Perceived Stress Reactivity, Competition Appraisals, Emotions, Coping, and Performance Satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01151
- Brown, K. A., Patel, D. R., & Darmawan, D. (2017). Participation in sports in relation to adolescent growth and development. Translational Pediatrics, 6(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2017.04.03
- Devi, N. C., & Indardi, N. (2023). Pengaruh Psikologi Latihan Terhadap Pembinaan Olahraga dan Sport Personology Atlet Club Bolavoli TWOSRA. JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education), 7(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.26740/jossae.v7n2.p92-97
- Domínguez-González, J. A., Reigal, R. E., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2024). Analysis of the Sports Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Flow State in Young Football Players. Sports, 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12010020
- Ford, J., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sport-related anxiety: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, Volume 8, 205–212. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S125845
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- Gandrapu, A., & Rakesh, K. R. (2024). Sports Psychology: Mental Skills Training and Performance Enhancement Strategies for Athletes. Innovations in Sports Science, 1(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.36676/iss.v1.i3.13
- Gonçalves, G., Neta, P., Ribeiro, J., & Guimaraes, E. (2025). Internal and External Loads during Formal Training and Competition, Physical Capacities, and Technical Skills in Youth Basketball: A Comparison between Starters and Rotation Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 96, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/201159
- Gouttebarge, V., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Gorczynski, P., Hainline, B., Hitchcock, M. E., Kerkhoffs, G. M., Rice, S. M., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671
- Hudaniah, H., & Masturah, A. N. (2024). Ketangguhan mental sebagai solusi kecemasan bertanding atlet. Jurnal Psikologi, 20(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v20i2.23019
- Karakulak, İ., & Yavaş, Ö. (2025). Investigation of Pre-Competition State Anxiety Levels of Athletes. İnternational Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies(IntJCES), 11(1), 38–89. https://doi.org/10.61087/IntJCES.2025.32
- Korkutata, A., Halis, M., & Bolel, B. (2024). The Impact of Anxiety Experienced in Competition on Decision-Making: A Study on Individual Sports Competitions. International Journal of Sport, Exercise & Training Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1532962
- Kurtay, M., Bilgin, Z., & Taş, M. (2021). Comparison of the Performance Values of the U-16 Development League Football Players in the Competition Period. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i3.3956
- Low, W. R., Freeman, P., Butt, J., Stoker, M., & Maynard, I. (2023). The role and creation of pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 710–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637
- Mallaena, A., Pajarianto, H., & Nur, S. (2022). Volleyball Athlete’s Anxiety: The Role Of Religiusity And Peer Support. JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga, 7(3), 813–821. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i3.2446
- Nogueira, F. C. de A., Filho, M. G. B., Silva, C. D. D., Coimbra, D. R., & Lourenço, L. M. (2024). Competitive anxiety and self-efficacy in young volleyball players: A season trend study of their reciprocal effect on match outcomes. Kinesiology, 56(2), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.56.2.13
- Nugroho, A. S., Utomo, G. P., Purwanto, B., & Sulistiawati, S. (2022). Tekanan Kompetisi pada Atlet Remaja Pencak Silat Kategori Tanding: Sebuah Ulasan tentang Pentingnya Peran Orang Tua dan Pelatih. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga (JPJO), 5(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v5i2.3226
- Putra, M. F. P., Guntoro, T. S., Wandik, Y., Ita, S., Sinaga, E., Hidayat, R. R., Sinaga, E., Muhammad, J., Sinaga, F. S. G., Kmurawak, R. M. B., & Rahayu, A. S. (2021). Psychometric Properties at Indonesian Version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2: Testing on Elite Athletes of Papua, Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1477–1485. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090645
- Ramadhani, A., Lestari, E. A., Nabillah, A. A., Ihsan, M., & Herbhakti, F. A. (2025). Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Olahraga Tenis Meja Kota Bandung Pada Model Pemberdayaan Klub Melalui Sitem Kompetisi. 9(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.31539/cdjb5j47
- Rawat, K., Błachnio, A., & Suppan, K. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14), 6429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146429
- Rice, S. M., Gwyther, K., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Baron, D., Gorczynski, P., Gouttebarge, V., Reardon, C. L., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., & Purcell, R. (2019). Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620
- Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016). The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 46(9), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2
- Safitri, A., & Jannah, M. (2020). Hubungan Antara Regulasi Emosi Dengan Kecemasan Olahraga Pada Atlet Judo. . . Character, 07(03). https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v7i3.34497
- Sobko, I., Fylypchenko, O., & Sobko, Y. (2024). Aspects of psychological training of volleyball players of different ages. Health Technologies, 2(2), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.58962/HT.2024.2.2.6-17
- Vouglanis, T., Driga, A. M., & Drigas, A. (2022). Physical and mental exercise to create new congenial neurons, to increase intelligence and the role of ICTs. Technium BioChemMed, 3(3), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.47577/biochemmed.v3i3.7325
- Yang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., & Veloo, A. (2024). The relationship between competitive anxiety and athlete burnout in college athlete: The mediating roles of competence and autonomy. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 396. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01888-2
- Yurchuk, S. (2024). Study of Strategies for Coping with Stressful Situations in Adolescents in a Situation of Uncertainty. Personality and Environmental Issues, 3(2), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2024-3(2)-33-39
- Zhang, L. (2023). Influence of Athletes’ Anxiety on Competition Results. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 29, e2022_0551. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0551
- Zhang, X., Zhao, S., Ng, S., Liu, Y., Liang, T., In Lao, C., & Ning, Z. (2025). Optimal dosage and effectiveness of imagery practice on athletes’ mental health: A Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1618617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1618617
- Zhao, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025). The inverted-U relationship between stress and performance in elite shooting. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 45465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29230-9
- Zhou, Y., Jin, Z., & Wen, Y. (2024). The influence of competitive anxiety of Chinese elite swimmers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1392137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392137
References
Akman, H., Yetkin Tekin, A., & Tekin, A. (2025). Sport Anxiety Scale-2: Reliability and validity study in Turkish wrestlers. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 60(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.47447/tjsm.0864
Alifah, A. F., & Faruk, M. (2023). Tingkat Kecemasan (anxiety) Dalam Menghadapi Pertandingan Pada Atlet Tim Hockey Indoor Putri Jawa Timur. 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1234/jpo.v6i3.57649
Amparo, R.-G., Manuel, C. S., & Alberto, M. D. (2025). The Effect of Ecological Approaches on Tactical Performance in Volleyball: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences, 15(12), 6721. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126721
‘Aqobah, Q. J., & Rhamadian, D. (2022). Dampak Kecemasan (Anxiety) dalam Olahraga terhadap Atlet. Journal of Sport Science and Tourism Activity (JOSITA), 1(1), 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52742/josita.v1i1
Ariffin, N. A. K., Anuar, N., & Azhar, N. A. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Athlete Anxiety and Performance Between Individual and Team Sports in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(2), Pages 759-766. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i2/23505
Beenen, K. T., Vosters, J. A., & Patel, D. R. (2025). Sport-related performance anxiety in young athletes: A clinical practice review. Translational Pediatrics, 14(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-24-258
Bisagno, E., Morra, S., Basciano, M., Rosina, C., & Vitali, F. (2019). Assessing Individual Performance in Team Sports: A New Method Developed in Youth Volleyball. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 4(3), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030053
Braz, D. G. D. A., Alves, J. K. S., Silva, S. M. L. D., & Oliveira, V. D. D. (2024). Mental Health and Inclusion as Protective Factors. International Journal of Human Sciences Research, 4(14), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5584142416048
Britton, D. M., Kavanagh, E. J., & Polman, R. C. J. (2019). A Path Analysis of Adolescent Athletes’ Perceived Stress Reactivity, Competition Appraisals, Emotions, Coping, and Performance Satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01151
Brown, K. A., Patel, D. R., & Darmawan, D. (2017). Participation in sports in relation to adolescent growth and development. Translational Pediatrics, 6(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2017.04.03
Devi, N. C., & Indardi, N. (2023). Pengaruh Psikologi Latihan Terhadap Pembinaan Olahraga dan Sport Personology Atlet Club Bolavoli TWOSRA. JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education), 7(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.26740/jossae.v7n2.p92-97
Domínguez-González, J. A., Reigal, R. E., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2024). Analysis of the Sports Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Flow State in Young Football Players. Sports, 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12010020
Ford, J., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M., & Arvinen-Barrow, M. (2017). Sport-related anxiety: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, Volume 8, 205–212. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S125845
Galatti, L. R., Côté, J., Reverdito, R. S., Allan, V., Seoane, A. M., & Paes, R. R. (2016). Fostering Elite Athlete Development and Recreational Sport Participation: A Successful Club Environment. Motricidade, 12(3), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.6099
Galily, Y., & Tenenbaum, G. (2025). Emotional and Cognitive Perspectives in Physical Activity and Sport: An Introduction. Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060801
Gandrapu, A., & Rakesh, K. R. (2024). Sports Psychology: Mental Skills Training and Performance Enhancement Strategies for Athletes. Innovations in Sports Science, 1(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.36676/iss.v1.i3.13
Gonçalves, G., Neta, P., Ribeiro, J., & Guimaraes, E. (2025). Internal and External Loads during Formal Training and Competition, Physical Capacities, and Technical Skills in Youth Basketball: A Comparison between Starters and Rotation Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 96, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/201159
Gouttebarge, V., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Gorczynski, P., Hainline, B., Hitchcock, M. E., Kerkhoffs, G. M., Rice, S. M., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671
Hudaniah, H., & Masturah, A. N. (2024). Ketangguhan mental sebagai solusi kecemasan bertanding atlet. Jurnal Psikologi, 20(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v20i2.23019
Karakulak, İ., & Yavaş, Ö. (2025). Investigation of Pre-Competition State Anxiety Levels of Athletes. İnternational Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies(IntJCES), 11(1), 38–89. https://doi.org/10.61087/IntJCES.2025.32
Korkutata, A., Halis, M., & Bolel, B. (2024). The Impact of Anxiety Experienced in Competition on Decision-Making: A Study on Individual Sports Competitions. International Journal of Sport, Exercise & Training Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1532962
Kurtay, M., Bilgin, Z., & Taş, M. (2021). Comparison of the Performance Values of the U-16 Development League Football Players in the Competition Period. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i3.3956
Low, W. R., Freeman, P., Butt, J., Stoker, M., & Maynard, I. (2023). The role and creation of pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 710–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2061637
Mallaena, A., Pajarianto, H., & Nur, S. (2022). Volleyball Athlete’s Anxiety: The Role Of Religiusity And Peer Support. JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga, 7(3), 813–821. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i3.2446
Nogueira, F. C. de A., Filho, M. G. B., Silva, C. D. D., Coimbra, D. R., & Lourenço, L. M. (2024). Competitive anxiety and self-efficacy in young volleyball players: A season trend study of their reciprocal effect on match outcomes. Kinesiology, 56(2), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.56.2.13
Nugroho, A. S., Utomo, G. P., Purwanto, B., & Sulistiawati, S. (2022). Tekanan Kompetisi pada Atlet Remaja Pencak Silat Kategori Tanding: Sebuah Ulasan tentang Pentingnya Peran Orang Tua dan Pelatih. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga (JPJO), 5(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v5i2.3226
Putra, M. F. P., Guntoro, T. S., Wandik, Y., Ita, S., Sinaga, E., Hidayat, R. R., Sinaga, E., Muhammad, J., Sinaga, F. S. G., Kmurawak, R. M. B., & Rahayu, A. S. (2021). Psychometric Properties at Indonesian Version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2: Testing on Elite Athletes of Papua, Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1477–1485. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090645
Ramadhani, A., Lestari, E. A., Nabillah, A. A., Ihsan, M., & Herbhakti, F. A. (2025). Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Olahraga Tenis Meja Kota Bandung Pada Model Pemberdayaan Klub Melalui Sitem Kompetisi. 9(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.31539/cdjb5j47
Rawat, K., Błachnio, A., & Suppan, K. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Sports Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14), 6429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146429
Rice, S. M., Gwyther, K., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Baron, D., Gorczynski, P., Gouttebarge, V., Reardon, C. L., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., & Purcell, R. (2019). Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620
Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016). The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 46(9), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2
Safitri, A., & Jannah, M. (2020). Hubungan Antara Regulasi Emosi Dengan Kecemasan Olahraga Pada Atlet Judo. . . Character, 07(03). https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v7i3.34497
Sobko, I., Fylypchenko, O., & Sobko, Y. (2024). Aspects of psychological training of volleyball players of different ages. Health Technologies, 2(2), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.58962/HT.2024.2.2.6-17
Vouglanis, T., Driga, A. M., & Drigas, A. (2022). Physical and mental exercise to create new congenial neurons, to increase intelligence and the role of ICTs. Technium BioChemMed, 3(3), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.47577/biochemmed.v3i3.7325
Yang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., & Veloo, A. (2024). The relationship between competitive anxiety and athlete burnout in college athlete: The mediating roles of competence and autonomy. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 396. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01888-2
Yurchuk, S. (2024). Study of Strategies for Coping with Stressful Situations in Adolescents in a Situation of Uncertainty. Personality and Environmental Issues, 3(2), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2024-3(2)-33-39
Zhang, L. (2023). Influence of Athletes’ Anxiety on Competition Results. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 29, e2022_0551. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0551
Zhang, X., Zhao, S., Ng, S., Liu, Y., Liang, T., In Lao, C., & Ning, Z. (2025). Optimal dosage and effectiveness of imagery practice on athletes’ mental health: A Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1618617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1618617
Zhao, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025). The inverted-U relationship between stress and performance in elite shooting. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 45465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29230-9
Zhou, Y., Jin, Z., & Wen, Y. (2024). The influence of competitive anxiety of Chinese elite swimmers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1392137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392137