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Abstract
Aerobic endurance is a very important component for soccer players, especially for adolescent athletes who are still in the performance development stage. The purpose of this study was to measure the aerobic endurance level of U17 soccer athletes at the Darul Amanah Football Academy in Kendal using VO2max measurements, which is the main indicator of aerobic endurance, showing the body's ability to utilize oxygen to the maximum during physical activity. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design with total sampling of all 30 U17 athletes. The results of the research data collected using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) instrument showed that the athletes had a VO2Max value with an average of 52.02 ml/kg/minute, which is a good result. Most athletes were in the good to excellent class, but there were still some in the moderate class. These findings indicate that athletes generally have sufficient aerobic endurance. However, based on the research results, a more focused training program is still needed to improve the fitness of athletes so that they have consistent results.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zulham Firmansyah Zulham, Wiga Nurlatifa Romadhoni

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References
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- Attamimi, M. I., Nidomuddin, M., Mushofi, Y., Pamungkas, H., & Yusuf, H. (2024). ANALISIS LATIHAN INTENSITAS DENGAN INTERVAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX PADA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA BHAYANGKARA FC. Jurnal Kejaora (Kesehatan Jasmani Dan Olah Raga), 9(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.36526/kejaora.v9i1.3625
- Bossi, A. H., Naumann, U., Passfield, L., & Hopker, J. (2024). Modelling inter-individual variability in acute and adaptive responses to interval training: Insights into exercise intensity normalisation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(4), 1201–1216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05340-y
- Dolci, F., Hart, N. H., Kilding, A. E., Chivers, P., Piggott, B., & Spiteri, T. (2020). Physical and Energetic Demand of Soccer: A Brief Review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 42(3), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000533
- Düking, P., Ruf, L., Altmann, S., Thron, M., Kunz, P., & Sperlich, B. (2024). Assessment of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis of Smartwatch Technology, Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test 2, and Respiratory Gas Analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 23(2), 351–357.
- Farley, J. B., Stein, J., Keogh, J. W. L., Woods, C. T., & Milne, N. (2020). The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Qualities and Sport-Specific Technical Skills in Female, Team-Based Ball Players: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine - Open, 6, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00245-y
- Fatoni, Ihsan, A., & Juhanis. (2024). Profil Kebugaran Kardiorespiratori: Penilaian VO2Max dengan Multistage Fitness Test pada Atlet Sepakbola FIK UNM | SEMINAR NASIONAL DIES NATALIS 62. https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/Semnasdies62/article/view/4653
- Fauzi, R. A., & Hariyadi, K. (2021). Pengaruh Model Latihan Ground Pass Terhadap Passing Permainan Sepakbola Pada SSB Perisai Muda Trenggalek KU 14-16 Di Gandusari. SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga, 2(2), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.46838/spr.v2i2.123
- Firmansah, M. W. (2021). MODEL LATIHAN DAYA TAHAN PADA SEPAKBOLA: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Jurnal Prestasi Olahraga, 4(8), 91–100.
- Heriyansah, B. R., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Pamungkas, H., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Nidomuddin, M., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Sari, R. S., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Pradipta, A. W., & Universitas Insan Budi Utomo. (2024). Profil tingkat vo2max pemain sepakbola PSCS Wijayakusuma. Jurnal Porkes, 7(1), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v7i1.25598
- Higino, W. P., Sorroche, A. de S., de Mattos Falqueiro, P. G., Suzuki Lima, Y. C., & Higa, C. L. (2017). Determination of Aerobic Performance in Youth Soccer Players: Effect of Direct And Indirect Methods. Journal of Human Kinetics, 56, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0028
- Ma, X., Cao, Z., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Wen, D., & Cao, Z. (2023). VO2max (VO2peak) in elite athletes under high-intensity interval training: A meta-analysis. Heliyon, 9(6), e16663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16663
- Manggala, A., Maulana, F., & Bachtiar, B. (2023). Latihan Fartlek dan Latihan Cross Country Untuk Meningkatkan VO2MAX Pemain Sekolah Sepakbola. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(4), 1734–1739. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i4.6020
- Manser, P., Thalmann, M., Adcock, M., Knols, R. H., & de Bruin, E. D. (2021). Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.686129
- Nasrulloh, A., Sumaryanto, S., Prasetyo, Y., Sulistiyono, S., & Yuniana, R. (2021). Comparison of Physical Condition Profiles of Elite and Non-Elite Youth Football Players. MEDIKORA, 20(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v20i1.39547
- Nugraha, B. F. (2017). STANDARISASI VO2MAX ATLET BULUTANGKIS KATEGORI TUNGGAL REMAJA PUTRA DI JAWA BARAT. Jurnal Kepelatihan Olahraga, 9(2), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.17509/jko-upi.v10i2.15925
- Pratama, L., Saleh, M., Yanto, A. H., Kurniawan, W. P., & Permadi, A. (2025). Experimental analysis of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) effects on vo₂max and recovery efficiency in football players. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 11(3), 529–546. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v11i3.27392
- Romero-Caballero, A., Varela Olalla, D., & Loëns-Gutiérrez, C. (2020). Fitness evaluation in young and amateur soccer players: Reference values for vertical jump and aerobic fitness in men and women. Science & Sports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.04.004
- Sardiyan, Juita, A., & Aspa, A. P. (2025). Tinjauan Daya Tahan Pemain Sepak Bola Unri FC. Journal Sport Science Indonesia, 4(4), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.31258/jassi.4.4.51-57
- Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: A systematic review. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(1), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07950-6
- Srivastava, S., Tamrakar, S., Nallathambi, N., Vrindavanam, S. A., Prasad, R., & Kothari, R. (2024). Assessment of Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 Max) in Athletes and Nonathletes Assessed in Sports Physiology Laboratory. Cureus, 16(5), e61124. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61124
- Sugiyono. (2025). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D, Edisi 2. Alfabeta. https://openlibrary.telkomuniversity.ac.id/home/catalog/id/231325/slug/metode-penelitian-kuantitatif-kualitatif-dan-r-d-edisi-2.html
- Utama, K. P. (2025). Evaluating Aerobic Endurance in Soccer Academy Players Through VO2Max Assessment | JSES: Journal of Sport and Exercise Science. https://doi.org/10.26740/jses.v8n1.p34-41
- Wahyudi, A. N., Perdana, J. A., Dony, G. W., & Razzi, F. (2024). Analisis Tingkat VO2max Pemain Sepakbola Berdasarkan Posisi Bermain. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education, 8(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.21009/JSCE.08104
- Yullianto, M. D., Hidayat, S., & Kusuma, K. C. A. (2021). TINGKAT DAYA TAHAN KARDIOVASKULAR SISWA SSB NEGAROA | JSES: Journal of Sport and Exercise Science. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jses/article/view/9698?utm_source=
- Yusni, Y., & Amiruddin, A. (2021). Dampak konsumsi susu kambing terhadap anthropometri, tekanan darah, kekuatan otot tungkai dan kalsium pada pesepakbola junior. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 6(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v6i1.421
References
Amory, P., & Satria, M. H. (2025). Pengaruh Latihan Lari Interval terhadap Daya Tahan Aerobik Pemain Sepak Bola di Sekolah Sepakbola Gandus Putra. Indonesian Journal of Sport and Tourism, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijst.v7i1.88748
Attamimi, M. I., Nidomuddin, M., Mushofi, Y., Pamungkas, H., & Yusuf, H. (2024). ANALISIS LATIHAN INTENSITAS DENGAN INTERVAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX PADA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA BHAYANGKARA FC. Jurnal Kejaora (Kesehatan Jasmani Dan Olah Raga), 9(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.36526/kejaora.v9i1.3625
Bossi, A. H., Naumann, U., Passfield, L., & Hopker, J. (2024). Modelling inter-individual variability in acute and adaptive responses to interval training: Insights into exercise intensity normalisation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(4), 1201–1216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05340-y
Dolci, F., Hart, N. H., Kilding, A. E., Chivers, P., Piggott, B., & Spiteri, T. (2020). Physical and Energetic Demand of Soccer: A Brief Review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 42(3), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000533
Düking, P., Ruf, L., Altmann, S., Thron, M., Kunz, P., & Sperlich, B. (2024). Assessment of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis of Smartwatch Technology, Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test 2, and Respiratory Gas Analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 23(2), 351–357.
Farley, J. B., Stein, J., Keogh, J. W. L., Woods, C. T., & Milne, N. (2020). The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Qualities and Sport-Specific Technical Skills in Female, Team-Based Ball Players: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine - Open, 6, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00245-y
Fatoni, Ihsan, A., & Juhanis. (2024). Profil Kebugaran Kardiorespiratori: Penilaian VO2Max dengan Multistage Fitness Test pada Atlet Sepakbola FIK UNM | SEMINAR NASIONAL DIES NATALIS 62. https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/Semnasdies62/article/view/4653
Fauzi, R. A., & Hariyadi, K. (2021). Pengaruh Model Latihan Ground Pass Terhadap Passing Permainan Sepakbola Pada SSB Perisai Muda Trenggalek KU 14-16 Di Gandusari. SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga, 2(2), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.46838/spr.v2i2.123
Firmansah, M. W. (2021). MODEL LATIHAN DAYA TAHAN PADA SEPAKBOLA: A LITERATURE REVIEW. Jurnal Prestasi Olahraga, 4(8), 91–100.
Heriyansah, B. R., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Pamungkas, H., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Nidomuddin, M., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Sari, R. S., Universitas Insan Budi Utomo, Pradipta, A. W., & Universitas Insan Budi Utomo. (2024). Profil tingkat vo2max pemain sepakbola PSCS Wijayakusuma. Jurnal Porkes, 7(1), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v7i1.25598
Higino, W. P., Sorroche, A. de S., de Mattos Falqueiro, P. G., Suzuki Lima, Y. C., & Higa, C. L. (2017). Determination of Aerobic Performance in Youth Soccer Players: Effect of Direct And Indirect Methods. Journal of Human Kinetics, 56, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0028
Ma, X., Cao, Z., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Wen, D., & Cao, Z. (2023). VO2max (VO2peak) in elite athletes under high-intensity interval training: A meta-analysis. Heliyon, 9(6), e16663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16663
Manggala, A., Maulana, F., & Bachtiar, B. (2023). Latihan Fartlek dan Latihan Cross Country Untuk Meningkatkan VO2MAX Pemain Sekolah Sepakbola. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(4), 1734–1739. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i4.6020
Manser, P., Thalmann, M., Adcock, M., Knols, R. H., & de Bruin, E. D. (2021). Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.686129
Nasrulloh, A., Sumaryanto, S., Prasetyo, Y., Sulistiyono, S., & Yuniana, R. (2021). Comparison of Physical Condition Profiles of Elite and Non-Elite Youth Football Players. MEDIKORA, 20(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v20i1.39547
Nugraha, B. F. (2017). STANDARISASI VO2MAX ATLET BULUTANGKIS KATEGORI TUNGGAL REMAJA PUTRA DI JAWA BARAT. Jurnal Kepelatihan Olahraga, 9(2), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.17509/jko-upi.v10i2.15925
Pratama, L., Saleh, M., Yanto, A. H., Kurniawan, W. P., & Permadi, A. (2025). Experimental analysis of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) effects on vo₂max and recovery efficiency in football players. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 11(3), 529–546. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v11i3.27392
Romero-Caballero, A., Varela Olalla, D., & Loëns-Gutiérrez, C. (2020). Fitness evaluation in young and amateur soccer players: Reference values for vertical jump and aerobic fitness in men and women. Science & Sports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.04.004
Sardiyan, Juita, A., & Aspa, A. P. (2025). Tinjauan Daya Tahan Pemain Sepak Bola Unri FC. Journal Sport Science Indonesia, 4(4), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.31258/jassi.4.4.51-57
Slimani, M., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2019). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: A systematic review. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(1), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07950-6
Srivastava, S., Tamrakar, S., Nallathambi, N., Vrindavanam, S. A., Prasad, R., & Kothari, R. (2024). Assessment of Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 Max) in Athletes and Nonathletes Assessed in Sports Physiology Laboratory. Cureus, 16(5), e61124. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61124
Sugiyono. (2025). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D, Edisi 2. Alfabeta. https://openlibrary.telkomuniversity.ac.id/home/catalog/id/231325/slug/metode-penelitian-kuantitatif-kualitatif-dan-r-d-edisi-2.html
Utama, K. P. (2025). Evaluating Aerobic Endurance in Soccer Academy Players Through VO2Max Assessment | JSES: Journal of Sport and Exercise Science. https://doi.org/10.26740/jses.v8n1.p34-41
Wahyudi, A. N., Perdana, J. A., Dony, G. W., & Razzi, F. (2024). Analisis Tingkat VO2max Pemain Sepakbola Berdasarkan Posisi Bermain. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education, 8(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.21009/JSCE.08104
Yullianto, M. D., Hidayat, S., & Kusuma, K. C. A. (2021). TINGKAT DAYA TAHAN KARDIOVASKULAR SISWA SSB NEGAROA | JSES: Journal of Sport and Exercise Science. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jses/article/view/9698?utm_source=
Yusni, Y., & Amiruddin, A. (2021). Dampak konsumsi susu kambing terhadap anthropometri, tekanan darah, kekuatan otot tungkai dan kalsium pada pesepakbola junior. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 6(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v6i1.421