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April 30, 2025
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Abstract
The representation of masculinity in literary works reflects the social and cultural constructions that shape gender roles and identities within society. The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of masculinity of male characters in the Short Story Collection Sagra by Oka Rusmini. The method used is descriptive qualitative. This study examines the Short Story Collection Sagra by Oka Rusmini using a structural approach. The data in this study are in the form of quotations that describe the masculinity possessed by male characters in the Short Story Collection Sagra. The data collection technique used is literature study. The data analysis technique is carried out by reading, understanding, identifying, analyzing, determining results and making conclusions. The results of the study show that the image of male masculinity in the Sagra Short Story Collection is a caste system, emotionally strong, rich, rational, independent, brave, loving and affectionate, breadwinner, responsible and sexual. Beynon's image of masculinity that was not found in this study was the concept of narcissistic men and metrosexual men. This study provides results that there is a difference between Balinese male masculinity and the concept of masculinity expressed by Beynon. Traits such as violence, and hooliganism, swearing, drinking beer, and making jokes that are considered demeaning to women are considered negative traits that are rejected as attributes of Balinese masculinity. Balinese masculinity emphasizes the existence of harmony or balance between attributes of masculinity and social norms, making traits that are not in line with Balinese customary values and norms not considered masculine attributes. Masculinity oppresses both men and women—men are burdened by societal expectations, while women become objects of domination to reinforce masculine identity.
Keywords
Image
Men
Masculinity
Sagra Short Story Collection
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How to Cite
Lestari, D. A., Agustina, E., & Lubis, B. (2025). Citra Maskulinitas dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Sagra Karya Oka Rusmini. Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS, 9(1), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v9i1.38051
References
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Ahyar, J. (2019). Apa itu sastra: Jenis-jenis karya sastra dan bagaimana cara menulis dan mengapresiasi sastra. Deepublish Publisher.
Astika, I. M., & Yasa, I. N. (2014). Sastra lisan: Teori dan penerapannya. Graha Ilmu.
Beynon, J. (2002). Masculinities and culture. Open University Press. http://www.stevenlaurie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/0335199887-1.pdf
Bilquis, L., & Hidayat, N. (2020). Kekuasaan dan pengetahuan: Diskursus mitos maskulinitas pada seksualitas pemuda. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, 5(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v5i2p168-179
Darma, B. (2004). Pengantar teori sastra. Pusat Bahasa.
Darmalaksana, W. (2020). Metode penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Pre-Print Digital Library UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 1, 1–6.
David, D. S., & Brannon, R. (1976). The forty-nine percent majority: The male sex role. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Demartoto, A. (2010). Konsep maskulinitas dari zaman ke zaman dan citranya dalam media. Jurnal Jurusan Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik UNS Surakarta, 1, 1–11.
Esten, M. (2013). Kesusastraan pengantar teori dan sejarah. CV Angkasa.
Galuh Pitaloka, P., Salma, T., Kamilah, P., Dharmawan, N. D., Zaki, A., & Winanti, A. (2024). Hubungan kasta dengan status sosial masyarakat adat Bali. KONSENSUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(3).
Gilmore, D. D. (1943). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300157253
Hasan, N., & Maulana, R. (2015). Kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam pandangan perempuan Bali: Studi fenomenologis terhadap penulis perempuan Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 13(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.13.2.149-162
Jayusman, I., & Shavab, O. A. K. (2020). Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran learning management system (LMS) berbasis Edmodo dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Jurnal Artefak, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.25157/ja.v7i1.3180
Kimmel, M., & Aronson, A. (2004). Men and masculinities: A social, cultural, and historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, Inc.
Kurniawan, A. W., Listian, S. S., Nurhadi, Z. F., & Hendrawan, H. (2018). Metrosexual lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Accounting, and Social Science, 260, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.2991/icomacs-18.2018.5
Listiyanti, D. K. (2008). Jugun Ianfu during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia (1942-1945): A gender perspective analysis. Universitas Indonesia.
Harris, I. M. (1995). Messages men hear. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203639801
Maulana, I. P. A. P., & Dharma Putra, I. B. G. (2021). Metafora konseptual kasta dalam masyarakat Bali: Kajian linguistik kognitif. Prasi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/prasi.v16i02.37578
Meiu, G. P. (2024). Colonialism and sexuality. The Cambridge World History of Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108896016.019
Mirzaqon, A. T., & Purwoko, B. (2017). Studi kepustakaan mengenai landasan teori dan praktik konseling expressive writing. Jurnal BK UNESA, 8(1), 1–8. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/22037
Nurghiyantoro, B. (1998). Teori pengkajian fiksi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Nuryatin, A., & Irawati, R. P. (2016). Pembelajaran menulis cerpen (A. Qadir, Ed.). Penerbit Cipta Prima Nusantara.
Pradopo, R. D. (2009). Pengkajian puisi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Pradopo, R. D., Soeratno, S. C., Sayuti, S. A., Wuradji, Supadjar, D., H.T, F., Abdullah, I. T., Suwondo, T., Indriyani, R., Triyono, A., Iswanto, Jabrohim, Ratih, R., & Widati, S. (2003). Metodologi penelitian sastra. Hanandita Graha Widya.
Pratama, P. P. Y. A., Jazuli, M., I Wayan Adnyana, & Cahyono, A. (2022). Ideologi maskulinitas dalam pewarisan tari Baris di Desa Adat Batur Bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana, 863–870. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/1578
Purnama Sari, D., Effendy, C., & Wartiningsih, A. (2019). Maskulinitas tokoh utama dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Nadira karya Leila S. Chudori. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 8(2), 1–11.
Putu, W. H., Artawan, G., & Yasa, I. N. (2023). Character representation in the collection of Sagra short stories by Oka Rusmini. Jurnalistrendi: Jurnal Linguistik, Sastra, Dan Pendidikan, 8(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.51673/jurnalistrendi.v8i2.1597
Ramadhana, M. B., Firmansyach, T. A., & Fakhri, R. M. A. (2020). Representasi identitas maskulinitas dalam iklan rokok Gudang Garam Pria Punya Selera. Jurnal Audiens, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/ja.12028
Rusmini, O. (2012). Sagra: Kumpulan cerpen. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
Ryoningrat, R., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2019). Hubungan intensitas menonton film porno terhadap maskulinitas remaja laki-laki di Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2019.v06.i01.p02
Segara, I. N. Y., & Kuckreja, R. (2024). The social stratification system in forming a Balinese identity. Journal of Bali Studies, 14(1).
Sofiyana, M. S., Sukhoiri, Aswan, N., Munthe, B., W, L. A., Jannah, R., Juhara, S., T., Laga, E. A., Sinaga, J. A. B., Suparman, A. R., Suaidah, I., Fitrisari, N., & Herman. (2022). Metodologi penelitian pendidikan kualitatif (Ariyanto, Ed.). PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi.
Suarta, I. M., & Dwipayana, I. K. A. (2014). Teori sastra. Rajawali Pers.
Tarsinih, E. (2018). Kajian terhadap nilai-nilai sosial dalam kumpulan cerpen Rumah Malam Di Mata Ibu karya Alex R. Nainggolan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(2), 70–81.
Temaja, I. G. B. W. B. (2017). Sistem penamaan orang Bali. Humanika, 24(2).
Wade, J. C., Suryani, L. K., & Lesmana, C. B. J. (2018). Religiosity, masculinity, and marital and life satisfaction among Balinese Hindu men. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 7(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2018.3006
Wellek, R., & Warren, A. (1995). Teori kesusastraan. Gramedia.
Widayati, S. (2020). Buku ajar kajian prosa fiksi. LPPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton Press.
Willis, P. E. (2016). Learning to labour: Learning to labour. Routledge.
Yuliyanti, S. (2022). Perbudakan seksual perempuan Indonesia: Jugun Ianfu pada masa pendudukan Jepang tahun 1942–1945. FACTUM; Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pendidikan Sejarah, 11(2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.17509/factum.v11i2.41974
Yunus, H. A., Purna, I. M., Kartikasari, T., & Rupa, I. W. (1994). Nilai dan fungsi kentongan pada masyarakat Bali. In A. Ahadiat (Ed.), Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan. Depdikbud Proyek Pengkajian dan Pembinaan Nilai-nilai Budaya Pusat.
References
Ahyar, J. (2019). Apa itu sastra: Jenis-jenis karya sastra dan bagaimana cara menulis dan mengapresiasi sastra. Deepublish Publisher.
Astika, I. M., & Yasa, I. N. (2014). Sastra lisan: Teori dan penerapannya. Graha Ilmu.
Beynon, J. (2002). Masculinities and culture. Open University Press. http://www.stevenlaurie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/0335199887-1.pdf
Bilquis, L., & Hidayat, N. (2020). Kekuasaan dan pengetahuan: Diskursus mitos maskulinitas pada seksualitas pemuda. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, 5(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v5i2p168-179
Darma, B. (2004). Pengantar teori sastra. Pusat Bahasa.
Darmalaksana, W. (2020). Metode penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Pre-Print Digital Library UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 1, 1–6.
David, D. S., & Brannon, R. (1976). The forty-nine percent majority: The male sex role. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Demartoto, A. (2010). Konsep maskulinitas dari zaman ke zaman dan citranya dalam media. Jurnal Jurusan Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik UNS Surakarta, 1, 1–11.
Esten, M. (2013). Kesusastraan pengantar teori dan sejarah. CV Angkasa.
Galuh Pitaloka, P., Salma, T., Kamilah, P., Dharmawan, N. D., Zaki, A., & Winanti, A. (2024). Hubungan kasta dengan status sosial masyarakat adat Bali. KONSENSUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(3).
Gilmore, D. D. (1943). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300157253
Hasan, N., & Maulana, R. (2015). Kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam pandangan perempuan Bali: Studi fenomenologis terhadap penulis perempuan Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 13(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.13.2.149-162
Jayusman, I., & Shavab, O. A. K. (2020). Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran learning management system (LMS) berbasis Edmodo dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Jurnal Artefak, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.25157/ja.v7i1.3180
Kimmel, M., & Aronson, A. (2004). Men and masculinities: A social, cultural, and historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, Inc.
Kurniawan, A. W., Listian, S. S., Nurhadi, Z. F., & Hendrawan, H. (2018). Metrosexual lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Accounting, and Social Science, 260, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.2991/icomacs-18.2018.5
Listiyanti, D. K. (2008). Jugun Ianfu during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia (1942-1945): A gender perspective analysis. Universitas Indonesia.
Harris, I. M. (1995). Messages men hear. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203639801
Maulana, I. P. A. P., & Dharma Putra, I. B. G. (2021). Metafora konseptual kasta dalam masyarakat Bali: Kajian linguistik kognitif. Prasi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/prasi.v16i02.37578
Meiu, G. P. (2024). Colonialism and sexuality. The Cambridge World History of Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108896016.019
Mirzaqon, A. T., & Purwoko, B. (2017). Studi kepustakaan mengenai landasan teori dan praktik konseling expressive writing. Jurnal BK UNESA, 8(1), 1–8. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/22037
Nurghiyantoro, B. (1998). Teori pengkajian fiksi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Nuryatin, A., & Irawati, R. P. (2016). Pembelajaran menulis cerpen (A. Qadir, Ed.). Penerbit Cipta Prima Nusantara.
Pradopo, R. D. (2009). Pengkajian puisi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Pradopo, R. D., Soeratno, S. C., Sayuti, S. A., Wuradji, Supadjar, D., H.T, F., Abdullah, I. T., Suwondo, T., Indriyani, R., Triyono, A., Iswanto, Jabrohim, Ratih, R., & Widati, S. (2003). Metodologi penelitian sastra. Hanandita Graha Widya.
Pratama, P. P. Y. A., Jazuli, M., I Wayan Adnyana, & Cahyono, A. (2022). Ideologi maskulinitas dalam pewarisan tari Baris di Desa Adat Batur Bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana, 863–870. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/1578
Purnama Sari, D., Effendy, C., & Wartiningsih, A. (2019). Maskulinitas tokoh utama dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Nadira karya Leila S. Chudori. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 8(2), 1–11.
Putu, W. H., Artawan, G., & Yasa, I. N. (2023). Character representation in the collection of Sagra short stories by Oka Rusmini. Jurnalistrendi: Jurnal Linguistik, Sastra, Dan Pendidikan, 8(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.51673/jurnalistrendi.v8i2.1597
Ramadhana, M. B., Firmansyach, T. A., & Fakhri, R. M. A. (2020). Representasi identitas maskulinitas dalam iklan rokok Gudang Garam Pria Punya Selera. Jurnal Audiens, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/ja.12028
Rusmini, O. (2012). Sagra: Kumpulan cerpen. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
Ryoningrat, R., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2019). Hubungan intensitas menonton film porno terhadap maskulinitas remaja laki-laki di Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2019.v06.i01.p02
Segara, I. N. Y., & Kuckreja, R. (2024). The social stratification system in forming a Balinese identity. Journal of Bali Studies, 14(1).
Sofiyana, M. S., Sukhoiri, Aswan, N., Munthe, B., W, L. A., Jannah, R., Juhara, S., T., Laga, E. A., Sinaga, J. A. B., Suparman, A. R., Suaidah, I., Fitrisari, N., & Herman. (2022). Metodologi penelitian pendidikan kualitatif (Ariyanto, Ed.). PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi.
Suarta, I. M., & Dwipayana, I. K. A. (2014). Teori sastra. Rajawali Pers.
Tarsinih, E. (2018). Kajian terhadap nilai-nilai sosial dalam kumpulan cerpen Rumah Malam Di Mata Ibu karya Alex R. Nainggolan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(2), 70–81.
Temaja, I. G. B. W. B. (2017). Sistem penamaan orang Bali. Humanika, 24(2).
Wade, J. C., Suryani, L. K., & Lesmana, C. B. J. (2018). Religiosity, masculinity, and marital and life satisfaction among Balinese Hindu men. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 7(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2018.3006
Wellek, R., & Warren, A. (1995). Teori kesusastraan. Gramedia.
Widayati, S. (2020). Buku ajar kajian prosa fiksi. LPPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton Press.
Willis, P. E. (2016). Learning to labour: Learning to labour. Routledge.
Yuliyanti, S. (2022). Perbudakan seksual perempuan Indonesia: Jugun Ianfu pada masa pendudukan Jepang tahun 1942–1945. FACTUM; Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pendidikan Sejarah, 11(2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.17509/factum.v11i2.41974
Yunus, H. A., Purna, I. M., Kartikasari, T., & Rupa, I. W. (1994). Nilai dan fungsi kentongan pada masyarakat Bali. In A. Ahadiat (Ed.), Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan. Depdikbud Proyek Pengkajian dan Pembinaan Nilai-nilai Budaya Pusat.
Astika, I. M., & Yasa, I. N. (2014). Sastra lisan: Teori dan penerapannya. Graha Ilmu.
Beynon, J. (2002). Masculinities and culture. Open University Press. http://www.stevenlaurie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/0335199887-1.pdf
Bilquis, L., & Hidayat, N. (2020). Kekuasaan dan pengetahuan: Diskursus mitos maskulinitas pada seksualitas pemuda. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis, 5(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.17977/um021v5i2p168-179
Darma, B. (2004). Pengantar teori sastra. Pusat Bahasa.
Darmalaksana, W. (2020). Metode penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Pre-Print Digital Library UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 1, 1–6.
David, D. S., & Brannon, R. (1976). The forty-nine percent majority: The male sex role. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Demartoto, A. (2010). Konsep maskulinitas dari zaman ke zaman dan citranya dalam media. Jurnal Jurusan Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik UNS Surakarta, 1, 1–11.
Esten, M. (2013). Kesusastraan pengantar teori dan sejarah. CV Angkasa.
Galuh Pitaloka, P., Salma, T., Kamilah, P., Dharmawan, N. D., Zaki, A., & Winanti, A. (2024). Hubungan kasta dengan status sosial masyarakat adat Bali. KONSENSUS: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(3).
Gilmore, D. D. (1943). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300157253
Hasan, N., & Maulana, R. (2015). Kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam pandangan perempuan Bali: Studi fenomenologis terhadap penulis perempuan Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 13(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.13.2.149-162
Jayusman, I., & Shavab, O. A. K. (2020). Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran learning management system (LMS) berbasis Edmodo dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Jurnal Artefak, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.25157/ja.v7i1.3180
Kimmel, M., & Aronson, A. (2004). Men and masculinities: A social, cultural, and historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, Inc.
Kurniawan, A. W., Listian, S. S., Nurhadi, Z. F., & Hendrawan, H. (2018). Metrosexual lifestyle and interpersonal relationships. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Accounting, and Social Science, 260, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.2991/icomacs-18.2018.5
Listiyanti, D. K. (2008). Jugun Ianfu during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia (1942-1945): A gender perspective analysis. Universitas Indonesia.
Harris, I. M. (1995). Messages men hear. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203639801
Maulana, I. P. A. P., & Dharma Putra, I. B. G. (2021). Metafora konseptual kasta dalam masyarakat Bali: Kajian linguistik kognitif. Prasi, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/prasi.v16i02.37578
Meiu, G. P. (2024). Colonialism and sexuality. The Cambridge World History of Sexualities. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108896016.019
Mirzaqon, A. T., & Purwoko, B. (2017). Studi kepustakaan mengenai landasan teori dan praktik konseling expressive writing. Jurnal BK UNESA, 8(1), 1–8. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-bk-unesa/article/view/22037
Nurghiyantoro, B. (1998). Teori pengkajian fiksi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Nuryatin, A., & Irawati, R. P. (2016). Pembelajaran menulis cerpen (A. Qadir, Ed.). Penerbit Cipta Prima Nusantara.
Pradopo, R. D. (2009). Pengkajian puisi. Gajah Mada University Press.
Pradopo, R. D., Soeratno, S. C., Sayuti, S. A., Wuradji, Supadjar, D., H.T, F., Abdullah, I. T., Suwondo, T., Indriyani, R., Triyono, A., Iswanto, Jabrohim, Ratih, R., & Widati, S. (2003). Metodologi penelitian sastra. Hanandita Graha Widya.
Pratama, P. P. Y. A., Jazuli, M., I Wayan Adnyana, & Cahyono, A. (2022). Ideologi maskulinitas dalam pewarisan tari Baris di Desa Adat Batur Bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana, 863–870. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/1578
Purnama Sari, D., Effendy, C., & Wartiningsih, A. (2019). Maskulinitas tokoh utama dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Nadira karya Leila S. Chudori. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 8(2), 1–11.
Putu, W. H., Artawan, G., & Yasa, I. N. (2023). Character representation in the collection of Sagra short stories by Oka Rusmini. Jurnalistrendi: Jurnal Linguistik, Sastra, Dan Pendidikan, 8(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.51673/jurnalistrendi.v8i2.1597
Ramadhana, M. B., Firmansyach, T. A., & Fakhri, R. M. A. (2020). Representasi identitas maskulinitas dalam iklan rokok Gudang Garam Pria Punya Selera. Jurnal Audiens, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/ja.12028
Rusmini, O. (2012). Sagra: Kumpulan cerpen. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
Ryoningrat, R., & Herdiyanto, Y. K. (2019). Hubungan intensitas menonton film porno terhadap maskulinitas remaja laki-laki di Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2019.v06.i01.p02
Segara, I. N. Y., & Kuckreja, R. (2024). The social stratification system in forming a Balinese identity. Journal of Bali Studies, 14(1).
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