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Abstract
Language is a reflection of a society's culture and way of thinking. Each word has a unique meaning that includes not only the literal definition but also social and cultural values. “speaking” in Indonesian and its Javanese equivalent have different shades of meaning, even though both belong to the Austronesian language family. In Indonesian, “speaking” refers to conveying intentions or ideas orally, while in Javanese the meaning can vary depending on the level of language used. The researcher's aim is to explore the meaning of the word “speak” in Indonesian and Javanese and identify the differences and similarities between them. The researcher utilized a qualitative descriptive methodological approach and a theoretical approach. The data collection technique uses listening and note-taking techniques as well as the commensurate method with PUP basic technique and HBB advanced technique to analyze the data that has been obtained. The researcher differentiated the two languages with components of meaning differentiation based on objects in the form of one person and more than one person; volume in the form of whispering clearly and shouting; context in the form of anger, advising, and expressing; time in the form of a glimpse, a little long, and long; and distance in the form of near and far. The researcher differentiated the two languages with the components of meaning differentiation based on the object in the form of one person and more than one person; volume in the form of whispering clearly and shouting; context in the form of angry, advising, and expressing; time in the form of fleeting, rather long, and long; and distance in the form of near and far. The researcher obtained 34 speech data points that have the same meaning as "speaking" in two languages. There are 16 speeches in Indonesian, namely speaking; bertutur; berceramah; berbincang; bercakap; chatting; ngoceh; speech; greeting; interviewing; delivering; argue; answer; praise; complain; and scold; and there are 18 speeches in Javanese, namely ngomong; ndongeng; wicara; ngendika; ngerumpi; nyerita; matur; tembang; sambat; guneman; ngomyang; ngrembug; ngrasani; ngresula; nyacat; ngandani; wadul; dan nyeneni. This research is useful to better understand the linguistic and cultural richness contained in Indonesian and Javanese.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Elfara Desfiona, Shiva Arinda Putri Hardiasari, Deliza Qorizki, Sindi Awaliyah, Imam Baehaqie
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References
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References
Chaer, A. (2002). Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Chaer, A. (2013). Pengantar Semantik Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Kadir, A., Rukmana, R., & Hasanah, S. (2022). Perbandingan Peribahasa Jepang dengan Peribahasa Sunda Terkait Hubungan Manusia: Kajian Semantik Kognitif. Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya, 15(2), 134–148.
Kinanti, R. D., & Astuti, E. (2021). Analisis Komponen Makna Kata Bermakna “Melihat” dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Jawa (Analisis Kontrastif). Jurnal Ilmiah Semantik, 10(1), 45–56.
Kirana, N., & Sukoyo, S. (2022). Bahasa Jawa sebagai Bahasa Daerah dengan Penutur Terbanyak di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan Nusantara, 8(2), 112–121.
Kridalaksana, H. (2008). Kamus Linguistik (Edisi Keempat). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Edisi Keempat). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
R, M., & Sawardi, R. (2022). Sinonimi dan Hiponimi dalam Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya, 9(1), 27–40.
Riana, D. (2021). Linguistik Kontrastif dan Aplikasinya dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Kedua. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 10(2), 87–98.
Tarigan, H. G. (1992). Pengajaran Analisis Kontrastif Bahasa. Bandung: Angkasa.
Trihardini, M. (2022). Analisis Kontrastif Verba “Makan” + Objek dalam Bahasa Mandarin dan Bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Bahasa Asing, 7(1), 55–66.
Utomo, A., & Tabiati, N. (2023). Deskripsi Semantik: Analisis Kontrastif Onomatope Gijougo Bahasa Jepang dan Bahasa Jawa. Jurnal Linguistika, 18(1), 23–36.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan secara Linguistis. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.
Nida, E. A. (1975). Componential Analysis of Meaning: An Introduction to Semantic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
Lyons, J. (1995). Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, F. R. (1981). Semantics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leech, G. (1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Nababan, P. W. J. (1993). Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.