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Abstract
Developing effective neutron shielding materials for applications like muon tomography requires understanding the interaction of neutrons with different materials. This study investigates the effectiveness of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, and Pb) as neutron shields using Monte Carlo PHITS simulations with fast neutrons (0.1, 0.5, and 1 MeV). Simulation results show that the intensity of transmitted neutrons decreases with increasing material thickness and atomic number (Pb > Fe > Cu). How far a particle travels before stopping is determined by two factors: its initial neutron energy and how likely it is to interact with the material it's passing through. These findings provide valuable insights into designing optimal neutron shielding materials for various applications.
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References
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References
R. Kaiser, “Muography: overview and future directions,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0049
L. Oláh, H.K. Tanaka, T. Ohminato, and V. Dezső, V, “High-definition and low-noise muography of the Sakurajima volcano with gaseous tracking detectors,” Scientific Reports, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21423-9
R. Nishiyama, A. Taketa, S. Miyamoto, and K. Kasahara, “Monte Carlo simulation for background study of geophysical inspection with cosmic-ray muons,” Geophysical Journal International, pp. 1039–1050, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw191
S. Yani, D. Hidayatuloh, T. Sumaryada, “The Effect of Shielding Material Density in Muography, “ Jurnal Fisika Flux, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 217-222, 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v20i3.16809
S. Yani, D. Hidayatuloh, T. Sumaryada, “Analysis of secondary particles produced by muon and water interaction, “ Jurnal Ilmu Fisika, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 217-222, March 2024 https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.16.1.63-70.2024
A. A. A. Abuhoza, “Comparison study of reflected and transmitted thermal neutron flux in water and other moderators,” Thesis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2007
X. Fu, Z. Ji, W. Lin, Y. Yu, and T. Wu,” The Advancement of Neutron Shielding Materials for the Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel,” Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, vol. 2021, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5541047
E. Mansouri, A. Mesbahi, R. Malekzadeh, A. Ghasemi Janghjoo, and M. Okutan, “A review on neutron shielding performance of nano-composite materials,” Int J Radiat Res, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 611-622, 2020.
D. Zhao, W. Jia, D. Hei, C. Cheng, J. Li, P. Cai, Y. Chen, ”Design of a neutron shielding performance test system base on Am–Be neutron source,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 193, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109954
K. Wang, L. Ma, C. Yang, Z. Bian, D. Zhang, S. Cui, M. Wang, Z. Chen, and X. Li, ”Recent Progress in Gd-Containing Materials for Neutron Shielding Applications: A Review,” Materials (Basel), vol.10, no. 16(12), p. 4305, 2023 June https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124305.
J. Saenpoowa, C. Ruksakulpiwat, C. Yenchai, and C. Kobdaj, ”Fabrication and development of neutron shielding materials based on natural rubber and boron carbide,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2431, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012079.
C. Jumpee and D. Wongsawaeng, ” Innovative neutron shielding materials composed of natural rubber-styrene butadiene rubber blends, boron oxide and iron(III) oxide,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 611, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/611/1/012019.
R. B. Malidarre, I. Akkurt, T. Kavas, “Monte Carlo simulation on shielding properties of neutron-gamma from 252Cf source for Alumino-Boro-Silicate glasses,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 186, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109540
J. S. Alzahrani, Z.A. Alrowaili, C. Eke, Z. M. M. Mahmoud, C. Mutuwong, M.S. Al-Buriahi, ”Nuclear shielding properties of Ni-, Fe-, Pb-, and W-based alloys, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 195, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110090
K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, and L. Sihver, “PHITS—a particle and heavy ion transport code system,” Radiation Measurements, pp. 1080-1090, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.07.013.