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Abstract
Fenomena perubahan iklim terus menjadi permasalahan global. Salah satu fenomena yang memiliki kaitan sangat besar terhadap perubahan iklim adalah El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Penelitian ini mengkaji kejadian ENSO selama 30 tahun terakhir serta pengaruh interaksi laut-atmosfer terhadap evolusi El-Niño pada musim kemarau tahun 2023. Data yang digunakan adalah Indeks Niño 3.4, curah hujan, suhu permukaan laut, tekanan udara, dan angin yang dianalisis melalui analisis sirkulasi Walker. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selama 30 tahun terakhir telah terjadi 20 kali kejadian ENSO. Khusus pada tahun 2023 telah terjadi fenomena El-Niño dengan Niño indeks yang terbesar sejak lima tahun terakhir. Didapatkan juga bahwa interaksi laut-atmosfer sangat berpengaruh terhadap evolusi El-Niño selama musim kemarau 2023. Parameter iklim seperti angin, suhu permukaan laut, dan tekanan udara berperan penting dalam terjadinya evolusi El-Niño. Melalui pengamatan curah hujan, selama terjadinya fenomena El-Niño sepanjang musim kemarau tahun 2023 wilayah Indonesia bagian timur mengalami kekeringan
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Copyright (c) 2024 AhmadFrizar , nettykurniawati, Wmardiansyah, setiabudidaya, sitisailah, erni, khairulsaleh, octavianus, Muhammad Irfanmakmun

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References
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References
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D. Mehta and S. M. Yadav, “Temporal analysis of rainfall and drought characteristics over Jalore District of S-W Rajasthan,” Water Pract. Technol., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 254–267, 2022.
X. Lu et al., “Drainage canal impacts on smoke aerosol emissions for Indonesian peatland and non-peatland fires,” Environ. Res. Lett., vol. 16, no. 9, 2021.
W. Cai, B. Ng, G. Wang, A. Santoso, L. Wu, and K. Yang, “Increased ENSO sea surface temperature variability under four IPCC emission scenarios,” Nat. Clim. Chang., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 228–231, 2022.
H. Hayasaka, “Fire Weather Conditions in Plantation Areas in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia,” Atmosphere (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 10, 2023.
M. Irfan and I. Iskandar, “The Impact of Positive Iod and La Niña on the Dynamics of Hydro-Climatological Parameters on Peatland,” Int. J. GEOMATE, vol. 23, no. 97, pp. 115–122, 2022.
M. Irfan, “Dynamics of Peatland Fires in South Sumatra in 2019: Role of Groundwater Levels,” Land, vol. 13, no. 3, 2024.
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J. W. Kim and J. Y. Yu, “Single- and multi-year ENSO events controlled by pantropical climate interactions,” npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, 2022.
P. J. Reddy, S. E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, and J. J. Sharples, “Interactive influence of ENSO and IOD on contiguous heatwaves in Australia,” Environ. Res. Lett., vol. 17, no. 1, 2022.
R. Puspasari, P. F. Rahmawati, and E. Prianto, “The Effect of ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) phenomenon on Fishing Season of Small Pelagic Fishes in Indonesia Waters,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 934, no. 1, 2021.
M. Li et al., “Impacts of Strong ENSO Events on Fish Communities in an Overexploited Ecosystem in the South China Sea,” Biology (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1–19, 2023.
A. B. Sambah, A. Noor’izzah, C. A. Intyas, D. Widhiyanuriyawan, D. P. Affandy, and A. Wijaya, “Analysis of the effect of ENSO and IOD on the productivity of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South Indian Ocean, East Java, Indonesia,” Biodiversitas, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 2689–2700, 2023.