JURNAL PENA PAUD

The Meaning and Impact of Screen Time (ST) on Emotional Regulation in Children Aged 5-6 Years

2025-09-19T12:03:12+00:00

Increased screen time (ST) in children aged 5–6 years has various effects on their emotional development. Excessive ST can hinder children's ability to recognize and control their emotions. This study aims to explore the meaning and impact of screen time (ST) on children's emotional regulation. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing interviews and observation techniques with six parents who have young children. Informants were selected using purposive sampling with the following criteria: (1) parents with different educational backgrounds (high school and bachelor's degree) to see variations in perceptions of ST and children's emotional regulation; (2) parents whose children routinely used ST for 5–8 hours per day; and (3) communicative parents, namely mothers and fathers of children aged 5–6 years who were willing to participate in the study. The results showed that parents perceived ST as a means of entertainment, learning, and calming their children. These findings were obtained through a thematic analysis of interview transcripts and observations, which revealed three primary meanings. ST evoked ambivalent emotional reactions: children displayed positive responses, such as happiness, joy, calmness, and imitative behavior, when using ST; however, they also showed adverse reactions, including anger, tantrums, sadness, or bargaining, when ST was stopped. Excessive use without time limits can weaken children's ability to control their emotions. ST management strategies are implemented by setting time limits, determining goals, and considering the child's condition. These findings show that ST plays a dual role in children's emotional regulation.

The Effect of Plasticine Media on Alphabet Recognition in 4-5 Year Old Children in Kindergarten

2025-08-21T10:58:39+00:00

Alphabet recognition is an essential skill in students' development; therefore, it requires greater attention from parents and teachers. This study aims to determine the effect of plasticine media on letter recognition in early childhood at Baiturrahman Sako Islamic Kindergarten, Palembang. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design and involves 15 children as samples selected by the purposive sampling method. The instrument used is an observation sheet that has been tested for validity and reliability with valid and reliable results. The research procedure includes administering a pretest and providing treatment through plasticine-based learning. A posttest was administered to assess treatment outcomes; the data were analyzed using a t-test, which showed a significant increase in scores (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that plasticine media affect letter recognition in children aged 4-5 years.

Development of Number Board Media for Early Childhood Pre-Mathematics Introduction

2025-09-19T17:41:40+00:00

Early numeracy skills are essential for supporting cognitive development in early childhood education. Observations at TK Yapis Ash Siddiq in Central Papua indicated that many children aged 5–6 years continued to have difficulty recognising and understanding numbers. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the conditions of numeracy learning among children at TK Yapis Ash Siddiq, develop a number board learning medium suited to early childhood characteristics, assess its feasibility, and test its effectiveness in improving numeracy skills. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 12 children aged 5-6 years. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used to measure media effectiveness. Validation results from material and media experts yielded feasibility scores of 90% and 95%, categorised as highly feasible. The average numeracy score increased from 1.6 (on a 4-point scale) to 3.1 (on a 4-point scale), with an N-Gain of 0.64 (medium–high category). Observations also showed that children were highly enthusiastic and actively participated during learning. These results indicate that the number board is both feasible and effective as a learning tool for enhancing early numeracy skills in early childhood education.

The Influence of Tauhid Education on the Value of Cleanliness Responsibility in Early Childhood through the Slogan Hold, Save, and Collect

2025-10-14T17:00:05+00:00

This research was inspired by the lack of awareness and responsibility regarding cleanliness among kindergarten children at Pos PAUD Sedap Malam 16, Cimahi City, as 24.39% of 41 children still littered and 19.51% did not return toys after use, indicating a need for a grip intervention. Most earlier studies have focused on habituation or environmental practices, and few have integrated a spirituality-based strategy; therefore, this study is novel in integrating monotheism (tauhid) education with the “Tahan, Simpan dan Pungut” (TSP) slogan, a combination not yet explicitly examined in prior theories. This research employed a quantitative approach using SEM-PLS, and all 41 children in group B were included in the sample. The results indicate that tauhid education influenced cleanliness responsibility (β = 0.942; p < 0.001) and the use of the TSP slogan (β = 0.914; p < 0.001). The presence of the TSP slogan also had a significant impact on cleanliness responsibility (β = 0.377; p = 0.013) and mediated the direct relationship between tauhid education and cleanliness responsibility (β = 0.345; p = 0.016), demonstrating that implementation of tauhid education, rather than the TSP slogan, effectively strengthens early childhood cleanliness responsibility.

Development of Pop-Up Book ‘Ayo Siaga Bencana’ to Cultivate Disaster Mitigation Awareness in Early Childhood

2025-10-14T16:59:00+00:00

This study aims to develop the Pop Up Book media "Ayo Siaga Bencana" (Let's Be Prepared for Disaster) to foster disaster mitigation awareness in early childhood. The development model used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), but this study is limited to the limited scale implementation stage. The research approach uses mixed methods with children aged 5-6 years old group B at the Kembangan District PAUD institution. Needs analysis was conducted through observation, interviews, and teacher and parent questionnaires. The Pop Up Book product was validated by three experts (material, media, and practitioners) with very high feasibility percentage results, respectively 87.5% (material experts), 95% (media experts), and 87.5% (practitioner experts). The trial was carried out in stages (individual, small group, large group) in three PAUD institutions, then a limited scale implementation was carried out on 10 children in group B of Al-Ikhlas Joglo PAUD. The results showed a teacher response of 97.5% (very good category) and a child response of 95% (very good category). Thus, this Pop-Up Book is deemed suitable, engaging, and effective as a disaster mitigation learning medium for early childhood. This medium can increase children's attention, enthusiasm, and understanding of simple disaster management steps, making it an innovative alternative for preparedness education in early childhood education (PAUD).

The Implementation of Traditional Games on the Color Recognition Skills of Early Childhood

2025-10-03T10:05:17+00:00

In this study, the use of traditional games as a learning medium to improve colour recognition skills among 5- to 6-year-old children was examined. The case study was conducted over three months at Taman Kanak Kanak (TK) Negeri Pembina Kanatang in East Sumba, involving 24 purposively selected research participants. The results of this case study confirmed that colour recognition skills in 5- to 6-year-old children can be effectively developed through the implementation of traditional classroom games, such as ‘Porch Stone’, ‘Colored Congklak’, and ‘Colored Jump Rope’. The findings of this case study confirmed that the color recognition skills of the selected children had progressed from the ‘developing’ stage to the ‘well-developed’ stage, and this was evidenced from the feedback of the teachers and mothers of the selected children, who stated that the selected children participated fully and enjoyed the process of playing the traditional games for improved color recognition

Developing a Fun Cooking Guidebook to Build Reading and Writing Literacy in Children Aged 5–6 Years

2025-09-26T07:53:42+00:00

The absence of organized teaching aids for cooking activities prevents teachers from fully promoting comprehensive development in young children at the preschool level. Enriches children s mind, moral values, and cognitive growth, interest in learning, and social life. Attractive cookware playsets to inspire kids' imagination. The present study aims to design and evaluate the applicability of a fun cooking manual kit as an educational approach for a kindergarten course. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the 4D model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The Define stage comprised a needs analysis of teachers and classroom activities. In contrast, the Design and Develop stages involved the design, development, and expert validation of the guidebook, with Disseminate comprising small implementation trials. Data were collected through questionnaires, expert validation sheets, and observation checklists used to assess teachers' personalities at the Child Asmaul Husna Kindergarten in Tangerang. The average feasibility score across four experts (nutrition, culinary arts, media, and early childhood education) was 3.6 (89.5%), indicating high feasibility and satisfaction with pedagogical, nutritional, and practical requirements. Trial results indicated that children became better critical thinkers, more creative, and more independent. In summary, the fun cooking guidebook, in accordance with the center method , is practicable and effective in cultivating infants' comprehensive capacity.

Stimulating Literacy Skills in 5-6 Year Old Children Using the Make A Match Model Assisted by Flash Cards

2025-11-27T16:44:16+00:00

Literacy skills are a crucial foundation for early childhood, determining their readiness to enter further education. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Make A Match learning model, when supplemented with flashcards, in enhancing the literacy skills of children in Group B (aged 5-6 years) at Harokatil Islamiah Kindergarten. The method employed was a pre-experimental study with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 12 children as the sample. Data were collected through performance tests and analyzed using a paired-samples t-test. The results showed a significant increase. The average literacy score of the children increased from 12.16 (43.45% of the ideal score) on the pretest to 20.08 (71.72%) on the posttest. Further analysis revealed that this difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.000, p < 0.05). These findings confirm that the Make A Match model, using flashcards, not only provides a fun and interactive learning experience but also positively affects the development of children's early literacy skills. This card-matching activity successfully trains phonological awareness, letter recognition, and other cognitive skills in a way that children enjoy. This study recommends this model as an innovative learning strategy alternative that educators and parents can adopt

The Effect of Media Mix and Match Puzzle Multiple Number Representation on the Ability to Recognize Number Symbols in Early Childhood

2025-08-21T10:56:08+00:00

Recognizing number symbols in early childhood is challenging because their abstract nature does not align with the child's concrete thinking stage. Conventional methods, such as flashcards, have proven less effective because they rely solely on memorization. This study aims to test the influence of Media Puzzle Mix and Match Multiple Number Representation on children's ability to recognize number symbols in the 5-6-year age range. This research method uses a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design involving 16 children at Al-Ikhsan Kindergarten. The experimental group consisted of 8 children using a puzzle media with six number representations, while the control group consisted of 8 children using conventional flashcards. Results: Data analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the experimental group, with an average increase of 22.25% compared with the control group, which was only 5.75%. The conclusion of the Media Puzzle Mix-and-Match Multiple Number Representation is efficacious in improving the ability to recognize number symbols through a multisensory approach aligned with constructivist and dual-coding theories.

The Use of Mathematical Intelligence Stick Media to Stimulate Number Recognition Skills in Children Aged 5-6 Years

2025-08-21T10:38:52+00:00

Mastery of number concepts is a crucial foundation for cognitive development in early childhood, but is often hindered by learning methods that are often abstract and monotonous. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mathematical Intelligence Stick media in improving number symbol recognition skills in 5-6 year old children at Harapan Bunda Kindergarten. This study applied a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest design, involving 15 children selected through saturated sampling techniques. The findings showed a substantial improvement, with the average score of children's abilities increasing sharply from 12.73 in the pretest to 20.46 in the posttest. Effect size analysis using Cohen's d yielded a value of 2.64, indicating a powerful effect. This indicates that the integration of manipulative sticks successfully bridges children's understanding from the enactive to the symbolic level, while stimulating fine motor skills. This study concludes that the Mathematical Intelligence Stick is an effective pedagogical tool for fostering concrete, interactive, and meaningful mathematics learning in early childhood

The Application of Tangram Media in Developing the Cognitive Skills of 4-5 Year Old Children at RA Takrimah

2025-12-05T18:42:10+00:00

Early childhood cognitive development encompasses thinking, remembering, imagining, and problem-solving, which require stimulation through learning media. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of tangram media in developing the cognitive abilities of children aged 4–5 years through exercises that involve identifying and arranging tangram shapes from basic geometric blocks to form new shapes. The observational results revealed that children aged 4-5 years have difficulties; their cognitive development remains limited. 16 of 22 children have not demonstrated the ability to arrange and name geometric blocks and to compare their similarities and differences. This study was conducted at RA Takrimah Banda Aceh. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest format. Purposive sampling was used, and of the 43 students in the population, 22 from class A2 were selected as the sample. Data collection methods include observation and documentation. Based on the results of the Normality Test, after ensuring that the data is normally distributed, the t-count value (19.439) > t-table (1.721) and sig (2-tailed) 0.001 < 0.05 obtained from the data analysis process indicate that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Based on the research findings, Tangram Media is a viable alternative to traditional methods for developing early childhood cognitive abilities.

Analysis of the Implementation of Physical Education Programs in Early Childhood

2025-12-07T13:30:20+00:00

Physical education plays an essential role in the development of gross motor skills in early childhood. Physical activity helps children improve gross motor skills and reduces the risk of health problems; therefore, physical education programs play a significant role in supporting their growth and development. This study aims to examine the impact of physical education programs on the gross motor development of 5 6-year-old children at Bunda Kandung Kindergarten. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation. The research subjects were two informants: the principal and the classroom teacher. To ensure data validity, the researcher employed triangulation of sources. Data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman's model, which comprises three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the physical education program was not running optimally, as evidenced by low child participation, a limited variety of physical activities, and limited supporting facilities. These findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive evaluation and development of physical education programs to enhance their effectiveness in promoting gross motor development in early childhood.