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Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) merupakan radiasi matahari yang masuk ke bumi sekitar 10%. Berdasarkan panjang gelombangnya, radiasi UV dikategorikan menjadi tiga jenis yaitu UV-A dengan rentang 400-320 nm dan UV-B memiliki rentang 320-280 nm, serta UVC pada rentang 100-280 nm. Radiasi sinar UV dapat memberikan beberapa manfaat bagi kehidupan. Namun, radiasi sinar UV yang berlebihan pada kulit manusia dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas kesehatan kulit manusia itu sendiri. Sehingga, perlu adanya penggunaan tabir surya untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari sinar UV. Salah satu dari senyawa organik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan tabir surya yaitu senyawa kumarin. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan permodelan optimasi geometri dan spektra UV dengan menggunakan metode semi-empiris Austin Model 1 (AM1). Data spektrum UV yang dihasilkan dari permodelan menunjukkan bahwa ketiga senyawa turunan kumarin tersebut memiliki puncak absorpsi pada panjang gelombang 263 nm dan 345 nm untuk senyawa A, 266 nm, 311 nm, dan 360 nm pada senyawa B, serta 271 nm, 314 nm, dan 363 nm untuk senyawa C. Ketiga puncak serapan senyawa turunan kumarin tersebut berada pada rentang UV A, UV B, dan UV C, sehingga dapat diprediksikan bahwa ketiga senyawa tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai tabir surya anti UV-A, UV-B, dan UV-C.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Risfa Aliya Al-Hadi, Mokhamat Ariefin, Tety Wahyuningsih Manurung
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References
L. T. N. Ngoc, V. Van Tran, J. Y. Moon, M. Chae, D. Park, and Y. C. Lee, “Recent trends of sunscreen cosmetic: An update review,” Cosmetics, vol. 6, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.3390/COSMETICS6040064.
A. Ryšavá, J. Vostálová, and A. Rajnochová Svobodová, “Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the Nrf2 signaling pathway in skin cells,” International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol. 97, no. 10. Taylor and Francis Ltd., pp. 1383–1403, 2021. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962566.
J. D’Orazio, S. Jarrett, A. Amaro-Ortiz, and T. Scott, “UV radiation and the skin,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 6. MDPI AG, pp. 12222–12248, 2013. doi: 10.3390/ijms140612222.
R. H. Damayanti, L. Meylina, and R. Rusli, “Formulasi Sediaan Lotion Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden Spreng),” Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, vol. 6, pp. 167–172, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.25026/mpc.v6i1.279.
P. Minerva, “Penggunaan Tabir Surya Bagi Kesehatan Kulit,” vol. 11, no. 1, 2019.
Y. D. Putri, H. Kartamihardja, and I. Lisna, “Formulasi dan Evaluasi Losion Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M),” Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 32, May 2019, doi: 10.25077/jsfk.6.1.32-36.2019.
V. Avianka, Y. D. Mardhiani, and R. Santoso, “Studi Pustaka Peningkatan Nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) pada Tabir Surya dengan Penambahan Bahan Alam,” Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 79–88, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.25026/jsk.v4i1.664.
H. Noviardi, D. Ratnasari, and M. Fermadianto, “Formulasi Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi) (Sunscreen Cream Formulation of Bisbul fruit (Diospyros blancoi) Ethanol Extract),” JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 262–271, 2019.
M. K. Matta et al., “Effect of Sunscreen Application on Plasma Concentration of Sunscreen Active Ingredients: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 323, no. 3, pp. 256–267, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.20747.
B. Ngurah, “Uji Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etil Asetat Teripang Hitam (Holothuria edulis) Asal Perairan Semau,” 2023. [Online]. Available: http://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/jbkHalaman|72
M. Ariefin and R. Alfanaar, “Molecular Modelling Based… Molecular Modelling Based on TD-DFT Applied to UV Spectra of Coumarin Derivatives,” 2023, doi: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.15696.
E. Widyawati, N. D. Ayuningtyas, and A. P. Pitarisa, “Penentuan Nilai SPF Ekstrak dan Losion Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS,” Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 189–202, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.33759/jrki.v1i3.55.
Salmahaminati, N. Fitri, and Y. R. Kusuma, “Chemical predictive modeling of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and synthesis of natural lotion from kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) as sunscreen agents,” Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, vol. 20, no. 1, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.31849/jip.v20i1.12454.
J. C. De Araujo Leite, T. M. X. De Castro, J. M. Barbosa-Filho, J. P. De Siqueira-Junior, and L. F. Marques-Santos, “Photoprotective effect of coumarin and 3-hydroxycoumarin in sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells,” J Photochem Photobiol B, vol. 146, pp. 44–51, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.024.
M. A. Musa, J. S. Cooperwood, M. Omar, and F. Khan, “A Review of Coumarin Derivatives in Pharmacotherapy of Breast Cancer,” 2008.
A. Carneiro and M. J. Matos, “Trending Topics on Coumarin and Its Derivatives in 2020,” 2021. [Online]. Available: www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
R. El-Sawy, A. B. Abdelwahab, G. Kirsch, and M. J. Matos, “molecules Synthetic Routes to Coumarin(Benzopyrone)-Fused Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Built on the α-Pyrone Moiety. Part 1: Five-Membered Aromatic Rings with One Heteroatom,” 2021, doi: 10.3390/molecules26.
M. Ariefin and R. Alfanaar, “Molecular Modelling Based… Molecular Modelling Based on TD-DFT Applied to UV Spectra of Coumarin Derivatives,” 2023, doi: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.15696.
R. Abdiana and D. I. Anggraini, “Rambut Jagung (Zea mays L.) sebagai Alternatif Tabir Surya,” vol. 7, no. 1, 2017.
P. Peljo and H. H. Girault, “Electrochemical potential window of battery electrolytes: The HOMO-LUMO misconception,” Energy Environ Sci, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 2306–2309, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1039/c8ee01286e.