Main Article Content
Abstract
The principle of openness constitutes a fundamental foundation of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, requiring that the law-making process be conducted in a transparent and participatory manner. In Indonesia’s constitutional system, this principle derives its constitutional legitimacy from the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and is further regulated by Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Formation of Laws and Regulations. However, legislative practice reveals a tendency to disregard the principle of openness, leading to formal judicial review before the Constitutional Court. This article aims to normatively analyze the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of the principle of openness in the law-making process. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and case approaches. The findings indicate that the Constitutional Court plays a strategic role in strengthening openness as part of constitutional democracy, although its implementation continues to face challenges in legislative practice. This article contributes to the development of formal judicial review studies by affirming openness as a substantive constitutional standard in law-making, while also enriching the discourse on formal review by elaborating openness as a substantive constitutional parameter and deepening the concept of meaningful public participation in the context of judicial control over the legislative process in Indonesia.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fatma Faisal, La Ode Muhammad Muskur, Rahmatullah

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References
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References
Asshiddiqie, J. (2016). Pengantar ilmu hukum tata negara. Rajawali Pers.
Arifianto, A. (2022). Hukum tata negara kontemporer. Prenadamedia Group.
Fajri, & Ramadhan. (2024). Penafsiran prinsip keterbukaan dalam pengujian formil undang-undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Firdaus, F. R. (2024). Public participation in the law-making process: A comparative constitutional perspective. Jurnal Konstitusi, 21(2), 203–225. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2123
Kurdi, K., Mazjah, R. M. I., & Dadek, T. A. (2025). Meaningful participation in lawmaking: A case study of the amendment of the TNI law. Al-Risalah: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum, 25(1), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v25i1.56574
Isra, S., & Manthovani, R. (2022). Pengujian formil undang-undang dan konsistensi Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi, 19(3), 451–470. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1934
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum (Edisi revisi). Kencana.
Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2021). Putusan MK No. 79/PUU-XVII/2019.
Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2022). Putusan MK No. 50/PUU-XX/2022.
Nurhayati, S. (2023). Partisipasi masyarakat sipil dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan: Tantangan dan peluang. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 11(3), 53–72.
Nugroho, B., & Aditya, Z. F. (2022). Public participation and democratic legitimacy in statutory formation in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 7(2), 201–219.
Prabowo, A., & Santosa, M. A. (2022). Meaningful public participation in legislation: Challenges and opportunities in Indonesia. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 19(3), 245–260.
Putra, D. P., & Windarto, H. (2021). Transparansi dan partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan undang-undang di Indonesia. Jurnal Politik dan Kebijakan Publik, 8(2), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.37773/jpkp.v8i2.1458
Putri, A. D., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). Transparansi legislasi pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 20(2), 145–160.
Rohinun, F. N. A., Riyadly, A. M., & Gunawan, T. (2025). Implementasi asas keterbukaan dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan dan Politik Islam, 5(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/rp2psp35
Saldi Isra & R. Manthovani, “Pengujian Formil Undang-Undang dan Konsistensi Mahkamah Konstitusi,” Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no. 3 (2022): 451–470, https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1934
Satriawan, I., & Hanan, D. (2021). Public participation and constitutional review in Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 7(2), 241–263. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev722
Santoso, E., & Rahman, A. (2022). Keterbukaan legislasi dan kualitas demokrasi: Studi atas RUU strategis. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 9(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.28918/jip.v9i1.4883
Situmorang, M. (2020). Asas keterbukaan dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 50(4), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol50.no4.2672
Wardana, D. J., Sukardi, S., & Salman, R. (2023). Public participation in the law-making process in Indonesia. Jurnal Media Hukum, 30(1), 66–77. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i1.14813
Wijaya, Y., & Hartono, B. (2024). Evaluasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang pengujian formil undang-undang: Tinjauan yuridis empiris. Constitutional Law Review, 5(1), 44–65. https://doi.org/10.31078/clrv5i1.1234
Zoelva, H. (2019). Konstitusionalisme dan negara hukum. Rajawali Pers.