Main Article Content

Abstract

The negative impact of prolong and excessive application of synthetic fertilizers is a reason to reuse organic material as a plant nutrition resources and to enhance degraded soil. Organic materials such as animal and industrial wastes are commonly use as sources of organic amendment. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in chemical properties of soil and the growth of sweet corn as affected by the application of solid organic fertilizers in Ultisol. This research was carried out in October 2016 until March 2017 at Greenhouse, University of Bengkulu, arranging in a Completely Randomized Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was Organic amendment consisting of vermicompost, chicken manure, oil palm empty bunches compost (OPEBC). The second factors were rates of the amendment, i.e., 0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha-1. Results indicate that total soil organic carbon (TSOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) were not considerably different among types of organic amendments used in this study; however, an increase in soil pH and a decline of exchangeable Al are highest in the application of OPEBC as compared to others. Likewise, the growth of sweet corn was the best in soil amended with chicken manure. Soil chemical properties such as TSOC, TSN, soil pH significantly enhanced but exchangeable Al markedly lowered up to 20 Mg ha-1, then level off afterward. Sweet corn growth as indicated by plant height, shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) was also significant up to 20 Mg ha-1. This study suggests that the addition of organic amendment at a rate of 20 Mg ha-1 is sufficient to provide plant nutrient and improvement of soil properties for sweet corn growth.

Keywords

organic amendment sweet corn Ultisol

Article Details

Author Biographies

Zainal Muktamar, The University of Bengkulu

Prof in Soil Chemistry

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu

Mohammad Chozin, The University of Bengkulu

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture
How to Cite
Sianturi, S. M., Muktamar, Z., & Chozin, M. (2019). Enhancing Soil Chemical Properties and Sweet Corn Growth by Solid Organic Amendments in Ultisol. TERRA : Journal of Land Restoration, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.31186/terra.2.1.1-8

References

  1. Adams, F. (1980). Interaction of Phosphorus with Other Elements in Soils and in Plants in The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Khasawneh, F.E., Sample E.C. & Kamprath, E. J. pp 655-674. ASA. Wisconsin.
  2. Anggita, T., Muktamar, Z. & Fahrurrozi, F. (2018). Improvement of selected Soil chemical properties and potassium uptake by mung beans after application of liquid organic fertilizer in Ultisol. Terra Journal of Land Restoration, 1(1), 1-7.
  3. Bahri, S., Budianta, D. & Munandar, M. (2016). Perubahan karakteristik beberapa sifat kimia tanah dengan pemberian biochar dan pupuk kandang ayam pada tanah Ultisol. Klorofil: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 11(2), 77-84.(in Indonesian).
  4. Barus, J. (2011). Uji efektivitas kompos jerami dan pupuk NPK terhadap hasil padi. J. Agrivigor, 10(3), 247-252. (in Indonesian).
  5. Benbi, D.K, & Richter, J. (2002). Critical review of some approaches to modelling nitrogen mineralization. Biol Fertil Soils, 35, 168–183.
  6. Bertham, Y. H. (2002). Respon tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merill ) terhadap pemupukan fosfor dan kompos jerami pada tanah ultisol. J Ilmu Pertan Indonesia, 4(2), 78-83. (in Indonesian).
  7. Cookson, W. R., Cornforth, I. S. & Rowarth, J. S. (2002). Winter soil temperatur (215 0C) effect on nitrogen transformations in clover green manure amandend and unamandend soils : a laboratory and field study. Soil Biol. Biochem, 34, 1401-1415.
  8. Elfayetti, E. (2017). Pengaruh pemberian kascing dan pupuk N, P, K buatan pada Ultisol terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). J. Geografi, 1(1), 51-56. (in Indonesian)
  9. Ermadani, Mazur, A. & Mahhub, I. A. (2011). Pengaruh residu kompos tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit terhadap beberapa sifat kimia ultisol dan hasil kedelai. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains, 13(2), 11-18.
  10. Fatmawaty. A. A. & Firnia, D. (2010). Studi pengaruh intensitas pengolahan tanah dan pemberian pupuk organik terhadap sifat fisik kimia tanah dan hasil tanaman jagung (Zea mays sacharata Sturt) pada tanah Ultisol Banten. Prosiding Semirata Bidang Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian BKS-PTN Wilayah Barat. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu. pp. 461-467.
  11. Firda, F., Mulyani, O. & Yuniarti, A. (2017). Pembentukan, karakterisasi serta manfaat asam humat terhadap adsorbsi logam berat. SoilREns, 14(2), 9-13. (in Indonesian)
  12. Hartatik, W. & Widiowati, L. R. (2013). Pupuk Kandang. In : Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. Balittanah, Bogor. pp. 59 – 82.
  13. Hasibuan, S. Y., Damanik, M. M. B. & Sitanggang, G. (2014). Aplikasi pupuk SP-36 dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan fosfor serta pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada Ultisol Kwala Bekala. J. Agroekoteknologi, 2(3), 870-875.
  14. Ifansyah, H. (2013). Soil pH and solubility of aluminum, iron, and phosphorus in Ultisol: the roles of humic acid. J. Trop. Soil, 18(3), 203-208.
  15. Lal, R. (1994). Method and Guidelines for Assessing Sustainable Use for Soil and Water Resources in the Tropics. SMSS Tech. Monograph no. 21. USDA.
  16. Manuhutu A. P., Rehatta, H. & Kailola, J. J. G. (2014). Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk hayati bioboost terhadap peningkatan produksi tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa. L.). Agrologia, 3 (1), 18-27. (in Indonesian).
  17. Manshur. (2001). Vermikompos (kompos cacing tanah) dan pupuk organik yang ramah lingkungan. Instalansi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IPPTP) Mataram. (in Indonesian).
  18. Mariana, P., Sipayung, R. & Sinuraya, M. (2012). Pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) dengan pemberian vermikompos dan urine domba. J. Agroekoteknologi, 1(1), 124-138. (in Indonesian).
  19. Mukhlis, Sariffudin & Hanum, H. (2011). Kimia Tanah. Teori dan Aplikasi. USU Press, Medan. (in Indonesian).
  20. Muktamar Z., Aneri, D. & Suprapto. (1998). Penurunan Aluminium teradsorpsi pada tanah asam sitrat dan oksalat. J. Penelitian UNIB 11, 1-4. (in Indonesian).
  21. Muktamar, Z., Justisia, B. & Setyowati, N. (2016). Quality enhancement of humid tropical soils after application of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) compost. Journal of Agricultural Technology 12(7.1), 1211-1228.
  22. Muktamar, Z., Sudjatmiko, S., Chozin, M., Setyowati, N. & Fahrurrozi. (2017). Sweet corn performance and its major nutrient uptake following application of vermicompost supplemented with liquid organic fertilizer. International Journal on Advance Sci. Engineering Information Technology, 7 (2), 602-608.
  23. Muktamar Z., Sudjatmiko, S., Fahrurrozi, F., Setyowati, N. & Chozin, M. (2017). Soil chemical improvement under application of liquid organic fertilizer in closed agriculture system. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13(7.2), 1715-1727.
  24. Muktamar, Z., Adiprasetyo, T., Yulia, Suprapto, Sari, L., Fahrurrozi, F. & Setyowati, N. (2018). Residual effect of vermicompost on sweet corn growth and selected chemical properties of soils from different organic farming practices. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 14(7), 1471-1482.
  25. Nariratih, I., Damanik, M. M. B. & Sitanggang, G. S. G. (2013). Ketersediaan nitrogen pada tiga jenis tanah akibat pemberian tiga bahan organik dan serapannya pada tanaman jagung. J. Agroeko-teknologi, 1(3), 479-488. (in Indonesian).
  26. Prasetyo B. H., Subardja, D. & Kaslan, B. (2005). Ultisols dari bahan volkan andesitik di lereng bawah G. Ungaran. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim, 23, 1-12. (in Indonesian).
  27. Prasetyo, B.H. & Suriadikarta, D. A. (2006). Karakteristik, potensi dan teknologi pengelolaan tanah Ultisol untuk pengembangan pertanian lahan kering di Indonesia. Litbang Pertanian, 25(2), 39-47. (in Indonesian).
  28. Raphael, K. & Velmourougane, K. (2011). Chemical and microbiological changes during vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native earthworm (Perionyx ceyanesis) Species. Biodegradation, 22, 497-507.
  29. Sihite, E. A., Damanik, M. M. B. & Sembiring, M. (2016). Perubahan beberapa sifat kimia tanah, serapan P dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada tanah Inceptisol Kwala Bekala akibat pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan beberapa sumber P. J. Agroekoteknologi, 4(3), 2082-2090. (in Indonesian).
  30. Simanjuntak, D., Damanik, M. M. & Sitorus, B. (2016). Pengaruh tepung cangkang telur dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pH, ketersediaan hara P dan Ca tanah Inseptisol dan serapan P dan Ca pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays .L). J. Agroekoteknologi, 4(3), 2139-2145. (in Indonesian).
  31. Spark, D. (2003). Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd ed. Academic Press., London
  32. Sudartiningsih, D., Utami, S. R. & Prasetya, B. (2002). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk urea dan pupuk “organik diperkaya” terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan N serta produksi cabai besar (Capsicum annum L.) pada Inceptisol Karang Ploso Malang. Jurnal Agrivita, 24(1), 63-69. (in Indonesian).
  33. Syarief. (1985). Kesuburan dan Pemupukan Tanah Pertanian. Pustaka Buana. Bandung. (in Indonesian).
  34. Syukur, A. (2005). Penyerapan posfor oleh tanaman jagung di tanah pasir pantai bugel dalam kaitannya dengan tingkat frekuensi penyiraman dan pemberian bahan organik. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 5(2), 20-26. (in Indonesian).
  35. Syukur, A. & Indah, N. M. (2006). Kajian pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jahe di Inceptisol, Karanganyar. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 6(2), 124-131. (in Indonesian).
  36. Syukur, A. & Harsono, E. S. (2008). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang dan NPK terhadap beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika tanah pasir Pantai Samas Bantul. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 8(2), 138-145. (in Indonesian).
  37. Wander, M. M., Traina, S. J., Stinner, B. R. & Peters, S. E. (1994). Organic and conventional management effects on biologically active soil organic matter pools. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 1130-1139.
  38. Wardani, D. E. (2012). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sebagai alternatif pupuk organik. http://www.priodicalonline.ac.id. (downloaded 27 March 2016). (in Indonesian).
  39. Widowati. L. R., Widati, S., Jaenudin, U. & Hartatik, W. (2004). Pengaruh pupuk kompos organik yang diperkaya dengan bahan mineral dan pupuk hayati terhadap sifat-sifat tanah, serapan hara dan produksi sayuran organik. Laporan Proyek Penelitian Program Pengembangan Agribisnis Balai Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. (in Indonesian).