Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bio insecticide liquid formulations made from indigenous entomopathogens against paddy bugs nymphs. The study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 1 control with five replications. The treatments studied consisted of E0: Control, E1: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + coconut water (CW), E2: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + AK, E3: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + CW, E4: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + CW, E5: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + shrimp shell extract (SSE), E6: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + SSE, E7: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + SSE, E8: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + SSE, E9: Synthetic insecticide b a Carbamate (Dharmabas 500 EC 2 ml L-1). The result showed that liquid bioinsecticide formulations were effective against mortality, infected nymphs and nymph death time. All entomopathogenic fungi isolates were able to cause infections in paddy bugs nymphs of 68% - 84%. Beauveria sp Pky isolate and Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt caused nymph mortality of 72% - 84% and the effectivity did not differ from insecticide b.a. Carbamate. Conidia viability of all entomopathogenic isolates in liquid media within 24 hours reached more than 80%. The fastest time to death of paddy bugs nymph occurred at 5.44 days ( Metarhizium sp. isolate) and 5.92 days (Beauveria sp. isolate) in coconut water media. Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria sp. in the medium of coconut water or shrimp shell extract has a very high potential to be developed as a bio insecticide, but it still needs to be further tested for its effectiveness in field conditions.
Keywords: indigenous entomopathogen, coconut water, shrimp shell extract, paddy bugs nymph
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Rahmawati Budi Mulyani, Melhanah Melhanah, Petrayadi Advianto, Adrianson A Djaya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Barnett, I. 1960. Ilustrated Genera of Imperfect and Fungi. Department of Plant Phatology, Bacteriologi, Entomology West Virginia University. 2nd Edition. Morgantown West Virginia: Burgess Publishing Company.
- BPTP Kalsel. 2015. Main Pests and Diseases of Rice Plants in South Kalimantan. Banjar Baru.(In Indonesian)
- BPTP Kalteng. 2015. Evaluation of Attacks on Plant Disturbing Organisms and Factors Causing Loss to Rice Cultivation. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesian).
- BPTPH Kalteng. 2017. Annual Report on the Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Central Kalimantan Province. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesian).
- BPTPH Kalteng. 2018. Annual Report on the Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Central Kalimantan Province. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesia).
- Effendy, T. A., Septiadi, R., Salim, A. & Mazid, A. 2010. Entomopathogenic fungi originating from lebak soil in South Sumatra and its potential as a biological agent for paddy bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius (F.). J. HPT Tropika 10 (2): 154-161.
- Hasyim, A. & Azwana. 2011. Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo Vuillemin isolate in controlling banana weevil borer), Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. J. Hort. 13:120–130.
- Herlinda, S., Mulyati, S. I. & Suwandi. 2008a. Liquid entomopathogenic fungi form a bioinsecticide for controlling brown plant hopper. J. Agritrop. 27(3):119-126.(In Indonesian)
- Herlinda, S., Hartono. & Irsan, C. 2008b. Efficacy of bioinsecticide liquid formulation with active ingredients Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill and Metarhizium sp. on white back hopper Sogatella furcifera (Horv.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Kongres PATPI; Palembang, 14-16 Okt 2008. (In Indonesian)
- Herlinda, S., Irsan, C., Mayasari, R. & Septariani, S. 2010. Identification and selection of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for Aphis gossypii from South Sumatra. Microbiology Indonesia 4:137-142.
- Herlinda, S., Muhamad. D. U., Yulia, P. & Suwandi. 2006. Density and Viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Spores Vuill. As a result of enrichment of subculture and media, and its virulence Plutella xylostella (Linn.). Larvae. J. HPT 6(2):70-78.
- Indrayani, I. G. A. A., Winarno, D. & Amir, A. M. 2014. Fungal bioinsecticide based on Metarhizium anisopliae for sugarcane uret pest control. Technical Report on Research Activities on Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute. Malang (In Indonesian)
- Juliana, Umrah. & Asrul. 2017. Growth of Trichoderma sp. Mycelium in Tempe and Coconut Water Waste. Thesis. Biologi Departemen of MIPA Faculty Tadulako University. Sulawesi Tengah. (In Indonesian).
- Kassa, A. 2003. Development and Testing of Mycoinsecticides based on submerged conidias and aerial conidia of the entomophatogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina:Hypomycetes) for control of locust, grasshopper and storage pest. Disertation. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Georg August University.
- Koswanudin, D., & T. E. Wahyono. 2014. The effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana bioinsecticide against Brown Stems (Nilaparvata lugens), Paddy bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius), Pod Suction (Nezara viridula) and Riptorts linearis). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian Organik: Bogor. 415:420. (In Indonesian)
- Neves, P. & Alves, S. B. 2004. External events related to the infection process of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae) by the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal Neotropical Entomol. Vol.33(1):51-56.
- Priyanti, S. 2009. Pathogenicity Study of Metarhizium anisopliae Fungi on Koalin Media for the Control of Oryctes rhinoceros Pests in Simposium Proceeding I. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Pusat Penelitian, Bogor 20 Januari 2009.Hal. 150. (In Indonesian).
- Shinde, S. V., Patel, K. G., Purohit, M. S., Pandya, J. R. & Sabalpara, A. N. 2010. Lecanicillium lecani (Zimm). Zare and games an important biocontrol agent for the management of insect pests. J. Agr. Review. Vol.31(4): 235-252.
- Tanada, Y & Kaya, H. K. 2011. Insect Pathology. New York: Academic Press.
References
Barnett, I. 1960. Ilustrated Genera of Imperfect and Fungi. Department of Plant Phatology, Bacteriologi, Entomology West Virginia University. 2nd Edition. Morgantown West Virginia: Burgess Publishing Company.
BPTP Kalsel. 2015. Main Pests and Diseases of Rice Plants in South Kalimantan. Banjar Baru.(In Indonesian)
BPTP Kalteng. 2015. Evaluation of Attacks on Plant Disturbing Organisms and Factors Causing Loss to Rice Cultivation. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesian).
BPTPH Kalteng. 2017. Annual Report on the Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Central Kalimantan Province. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesian).
BPTPH Kalteng. 2018. Annual Report on the Protection of Food Crops and Horticulture, Central Kalimantan Province. Palangka Raya. (In Indonesia).
Effendy, T. A., Septiadi, R., Salim, A. & Mazid, A. 2010. Entomopathogenic fungi originating from lebak soil in South Sumatra and its potential as a biological agent for paddy bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius (F.). J. HPT Tropika 10 (2): 154-161.
Hasyim, A. & Azwana. 2011. Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo Vuillemin isolate in controlling banana weevil borer), Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. J. Hort. 13:120–130.
Herlinda, S., Mulyati, S. I. & Suwandi. 2008a. Liquid entomopathogenic fungi form a bioinsecticide for controlling brown plant hopper. J. Agritrop. 27(3):119-126.(In Indonesian)
Herlinda, S., Hartono. & Irsan, C. 2008b. Efficacy of bioinsecticide liquid formulation with active ingredients Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill and Metarhizium sp. on white back hopper Sogatella furcifera (Horv.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Kongres PATPI; Palembang, 14-16 Okt 2008. (In Indonesian)
Herlinda, S., Irsan, C., Mayasari, R. & Septariani, S. 2010. Identification and selection of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for Aphis gossypii from South Sumatra. Microbiology Indonesia 4:137-142.
Herlinda, S., Muhamad. D. U., Yulia, P. & Suwandi. 2006. Density and Viability of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Spores Vuill. As a result of enrichment of subculture and media, and its virulence Plutella xylostella (Linn.). Larvae. J. HPT 6(2):70-78.
Indrayani, I. G. A. A., Winarno, D. & Amir, A. M. 2014. Fungal bioinsecticide based on Metarhizium anisopliae for sugarcane uret pest control. Technical Report on Research Activities on Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute. Malang (In Indonesian)
Juliana, Umrah. & Asrul. 2017. Growth of Trichoderma sp. Mycelium in Tempe and Coconut Water Waste. Thesis. Biologi Departemen of MIPA Faculty Tadulako University. Sulawesi Tengah. (In Indonesian).
Kassa, A. 2003. Development and Testing of Mycoinsecticides based on submerged conidias and aerial conidia of the entomophatogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina:Hypomycetes) for control of locust, grasshopper and storage pest. Disertation. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Georg August University.
Koswanudin, D., & T. E. Wahyono. 2014. The effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana bioinsecticide against Brown Stems (Nilaparvata lugens), Paddy bugs (Leptocorisa oratorius), Pod Suction (Nezara viridula) and Riptorts linearis). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian Organik: Bogor. 415:420. (In Indonesian)
Neves, P. & Alves, S. B. 2004. External events related to the infection process of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae) by the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal Neotropical Entomol. Vol.33(1):51-56.
Priyanti, S. 2009. Pathogenicity Study of Metarhizium anisopliae Fungi on Koalin Media for the Control of Oryctes rhinoceros Pests in Simposium Proceeding I. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Pusat Penelitian, Bogor 20 Januari 2009.Hal. 150. (In Indonesian).
Shinde, S. V., Patel, K. G., Purohit, M. S., Pandya, J. R. & Sabalpara, A. N. 2010. Lecanicillium lecani (Zimm). Zare and games an important biocontrol agent for the management of insect pests. J. Agr. Review. Vol.31(4): 235-252.
Tanada, Y & Kaya, H. K. 2011. Insect Pathology. New York: Academic Press.