Main Article Content
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are known to have potential as biological agents controlling plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain indigenous AMF isolates that can suppress the attack of Sclerotium rolfsii which causes stem rot disease in peanut. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely A : AMF Glomus sp-3 + S. rolfsii; B: AMF Acaulospora sp + S. rolfsii; C: AMF Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; D: Combined AMF Glomus sp-3, Acaulospora sp, and Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; E: Without AMF + S. rolfsii (Control). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Statistix 8 program and the Least Significance Different (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the isolates of Acaulospora sp and Gigaspora sp were able to increase the resistance of peanut plants to stem rot disease (suppressing the incidence and severity of the disease) reaching 100%.
Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, indigenous, salicylic acid, Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Fradilla Swandi, Eri Sulyanti, Darnetty Darnetty

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References
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- INVAM. 2020. Classification of Glomeromycota. http://fungi.invam.wvu.edu/the-fungi/classification.html
- Jung, S.C., Martinez-Medina, A., Lopez-Raez, J.A., dan Pozo, M.J. 2012. Mycorrhiza – induced resistance and priming of plant defenses. J Chem Ecol 38 : 651 – 664.
- Kator, L., Hosea, Z.Y., dan Oche, O.D. 2015. Sclerotium rolfsii; causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Scholars Research Library. 6 (11) : 78 – 89.
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- Munawara, W., dan Haryadi, N.T. 2020. Induksi ketahanan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) merril) dengan cendawan endofit Trichoderma harzianum dan Beauveria bassiana untuk menekan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (Sclerotium rolfsii). Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati. 3(1): 6-13
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- Nusantara, A.D., Bertham,Y.H., dan Mansur, I. 2015. Bekerja dengan fungi mikoriza arbuskula. Bogor : Seameo Biotrop.
- Pozo, M.J., Verhage, A., García-Andrade, J., García, J. M., dan Azcón-Aguilar, C. 2009. Priming plant defence against pathogens by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In Mycorrhizas - functional processes and ecological impact.. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 123 – 135.
- Prasasti, O.H., Purwani, K.I., dan Nurhatika, S. 2013. Pengaruh mikoriza Glomus fasciculatum terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kacang tanah yang terinfeksi patogen Sclerotium rofsii. Jurnal Sains dan Seni Pomits. 2 (2) : E-74 – E-78.
- Punja, Z.K., dan Utkhede, R.S. 2003. Using fungi and yeasts to manage vegetable crop diseases. TRENDS in Biotechnology. 21 (9) : 400 – 407.
- Rahman, M., Ali, M.E., Islam, M.N., dan Bhuiyan, M.A.H. 2017. Combined effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Rhizobium and Sclerotium rolfsii on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus). The Agriculturists 15(1):143-155.
- Soesanto, L. 2013. Penyakit karena jamur : kompendium penyakit-penyakit kacang tanah. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
- Suharti, N., Habazar, T., Nasir, N., Dachryanus., dan Jamsari. 2011. Induksi ketahanan tanaman jahe terhadap penyakit layu Ralstonia solanacearum Ras 4 menggunakan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) indigenus. Jurnal HPT Tropika. 11(1) : 102- 111.
- Sulyanti, E. 2012. Kombinasi pseudomonad fluoresens dan fungi mikoriza arbuskular indigenous dari geografis berbeda untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman pisang terhadap penyakit layu fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense). [Disertasi]. Universitas Andalas. Padang.
- Tahat, M.M., dan Sijam, K. 2015. Mycorrhizal fungi and abiotic environmental conditions relationship. Research Journal of Environmental Science. 6(4) : 125 – 133.
- Vlot, A.C., Dempsey, D.A., dan Klessig, D.F. 2009. Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 47 (1) : 177 – 206.
- Xu, Z.H., Harrington, T.C., Gleason, M.L. and Batzer, J.C. 2010. Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic Sclerotium species among teleomorph genera. Mycologia. 102(2): 337-346
References
REFERENCES
Akthar, M.S., dan Siddiqui, Z.A. 2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as potensial bioprotectants against plant pathogens. In Mycorrhizae : Sustainable agriculture and forestry, Siddiqui, Z.A., Akthar, M.S., dan Futai, K. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp : 61 – 97.
Azcon-Aguilar, C., Jaizme-Vega, M.C., dan Calvet, C. 2002. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the control of soil-borne plant pathogens. Mycorrhizal Technology in Agriculture ed. by S. Gianinazzi, H. Schuepp, J.M. Barea and K. Haselwandter. 187 - 197
Chen, H., Zhang, Z., Teng, K., Lai, J., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Liang, L., Wang, Y., Chu, C., Guo, H., dan Xie, Q. 2010. Up-regulation of LSB1/GDU3 affects geminivirus infection by activating the salicylic acid pathway. The Plant Journal 62 : 12 – 23.
INVAM. 2020. Classification of Glomeromycota. http://fungi.invam.wvu.edu/the-fungi/classification.html
Jung, S.C., Martinez-Medina, A., Lopez-Raez, J.A., dan Pozo, M.J. 2012. Mycorrhiza – induced resistance and priming of plant defenses. J Chem Ecol 38 : 651 – 664.
Kator, L., Hosea, Z.Y., dan Oche, O.D. 2015. Sclerotium rolfsii; causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Scholars Research Library. 6 (11) : 78 – 89.
Le, C.N. 2011. Diversity and biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii, causal agent of stem rot of groundnut. [Disertasi]. Wageningen University. Netherlands.
Munawara, W., dan Haryadi, N.T. 2020. Induksi ketahanan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) merril) dengan cendawan endofit Trichoderma harzianum dan Beauveria bassiana untuk menekan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (Sclerotium rolfsii). Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati. 3(1): 6-13
Nusantara, A.D. 2011. Pengembangan dan pemanfaatan inokulan fungi mikoriza arbuskula berbasis bahan alami untuk produksi bibit jati (Tectona grandis L.f ) [Disertasi]. Sekolah Pasca sarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nusantara, A.D., Bertham,Y.H., dan Mansur, I. 2015. Bekerja dengan fungi mikoriza arbuskula. Bogor : Seameo Biotrop.
Pozo, M.J., Verhage, A., García-Andrade, J., García, J. M., dan Azcón-Aguilar, C. 2009. Priming plant defence against pathogens by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In Mycorrhizas - functional processes and ecological impact.. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 123 – 135.
Prasasti, O.H., Purwani, K.I., dan Nurhatika, S. 2013. Pengaruh mikoriza Glomus fasciculatum terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kacang tanah yang terinfeksi patogen Sclerotium rofsii. Jurnal Sains dan Seni Pomits. 2 (2) : E-74 – E-78.
Punja, Z.K., dan Utkhede, R.S. 2003. Using fungi and yeasts to manage vegetable crop diseases. TRENDS in Biotechnology. 21 (9) : 400 – 407.
Rahman, M., Ali, M.E., Islam, M.N., dan Bhuiyan, M.A.H. 2017. Combined effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Rhizobium and Sclerotium rolfsii on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus). The Agriculturists 15(1):143-155.
Soesanto, L. 2013. Penyakit karena jamur : kompendium penyakit-penyakit kacang tanah. Graha Ilmu. Yogyakarta.
Suharti, N., Habazar, T., Nasir, N., Dachryanus., dan Jamsari. 2011. Induksi ketahanan tanaman jahe terhadap penyakit layu Ralstonia solanacearum Ras 4 menggunakan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) indigenus. Jurnal HPT Tropika. 11(1) : 102- 111.
Sulyanti, E. 2012. Kombinasi pseudomonad fluoresens dan fungi mikoriza arbuskular indigenous dari geografis berbeda untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman pisang terhadap penyakit layu fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense). [Disertasi]. Universitas Andalas. Padang.
Tahat, M.M., dan Sijam, K. 2015. Mycorrhizal fungi and abiotic environmental conditions relationship. Research Journal of Environmental Science. 6(4) : 125 – 133.
Vlot, A.C., Dempsey, D.A., dan Klessig, D.F. 2009. Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 47 (1) : 177 – 206.
Xu, Z.H., Harrington, T.C., Gleason, M.L. and Batzer, J.C. 2010. Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic Sclerotium species among teleomorph genera. Mycologia. 102(2): 337-346