Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the level of labour productivity and the factors influencing labour productivity in independent oil palm plantations. The research has taken place in Bangunrejo Sub-district, Central Lampung Regency. Data collection used the survey method. The sample size was 70 independent oil palm farmers. Sampling of oil palm farmers using a stratified random sampling method according to the age of the oil palm plants. Based on the conditions at the research location, the age of the plants is categorized into 19-12 years, 13-16 years, 17-21 years, 22-25 years. The sample size of each age category is 8, 14, 24 and 24 farmers. Data analysis employed descriptive quantitative methods and multiple linear regression. The results revealed that there is a tendency that the older the plant, the higher the labour productivity. The level of labour productivity in independent oil palm farms in the 9–12 year plant age group was 247.40 kg TBS/HOK, 13–16 year plant age was 250.81 kg TBS/HOK, 17–21 year plant age was 230.70 kg TBS/HOK, and 22–25 year plant age was 253.95 kg TBS/HOK. This is reinforced by the results of the regression analysis, which shows that when the land size, farming experience, and age of oil palm plants increase, the labour productivity of independent oil palm farms also increases.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dyah Aring Hepiana Lestari, Bustanul Arifin, Ririn Aristiyani

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References
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- Suharno S., Yuprin A.D.Y. A., & Barbara, B. (2017). Analisis Kinerja Usahatani Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Melalui Pola Kemitraan Di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia (Journal of Indonesian Agribusiness, 3(2), 135–144. doi: 10.29244/jai.2015.3.2.135-144
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- Wahyuningsih, Y. M., & Z. (2016). Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pada Usahatani Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata L) Di Desa Mantuyan Kecamatan Halong Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Al Ulum Sains Dan Teknologi, 1(2), 98–101. doi: 10.31602/ajst.v1i2.443
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References
Ali, A., Erenstein, O., & Rahut, D. B. (2015). Impact Of Gender Participation In Non-Farming Activities On Household Income And Poverty Levels In Pakistan. Work, 52(2), 345–351. doi: 10.3233/WOR152103
Ardana, I. K., Wulandari, S., & Hartati, R. (2022). Urgency To Accelerate Replanting Of Indonesian Oil Palm: A Review Of The Role Of Seed Institutions. IOP Conf. Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 974(1), 1–9. Doi: 0.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012104
Aulina, P. O., Sriyoto, S., & Yuliarti, E. (2021). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Karet Desa Benteng Harapan Kecamatan Maje Kabupaten Kaur. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 397–410. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.397-410
Balai Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian. (2008). Teknologi Budidaya Kelapa Sawit. Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian: Jakarta. Retrieved from https://kikp-pertanian.id/bpsipsumut/opac/detail-opac?id=1262
Bindrianes, S., Kemala N., & Busyra, R. (2017). Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Panen Kelapa Sawit Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya Pada Unit Usaha Batanghari Di PTPN VI Jambi. Jurnal Agribisnis Sumatera Utara, 10(1), 74–85. doi: 10.31289/agrica.v10i2.1094
Chandio, A. A., & Yuansheng, J. (2018). Determinants Of Adoption Of Improved Rice Varieties In Northern Sindh, Pakistan. Rice Science, 25(2), 103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.rsci.2017.10.003
Clough, Y., Krishna, V. V., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Denmead, L. H., & Meijide, A. (2016). Land-use Choices Follow Profitability At The Expense Of Ecological Functions In Indonesian Smallholder Land- scapes. Nature Communications, 11(7), 13137–13149. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13137
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2021). Statistika Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2019-2021. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia: Jakarta. Retrieved form https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/template/uploads/2021/04/BUKU-STATISTIK-PERKEBUNAN-2019-2021-OK.pdf
Efendi, A. P., Chairudin., Afrillah, M., & Lizmah, S. (2023). Produktivitas Tanaman Kelapa Sawit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ) Berdasarkan Klaster Umur. Agrovital : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 8(1), 60–67. doi: 10.35329/agrovital.v8i1.3831
Harahap, F., Silveira, S., & Khatiwada, D. (2016). Land Allocation To Meet Sectoral Goals In Indonesia An Analysis Of Policy Coherence. Land Use Policy. 61(4): 451-465. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.033
Ichan, M., Saputra, W., & Permatasari, A. (2021). Oil Palm Smallholders On The Edge: Why Business Partnerships Need To Be Redefined. Information Breef. Retrieved form https://sposindonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/28.-eng-Oil-palm-smallholders-on-the-edge-Why-business-partnerships.pdf
Iskandar, R., Nainggolan, S., & Kernalis, E. (2018). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keuntungan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit (Swadaya Murni) Di Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio-Ekonomika Bisnis, 21(1), 1–13. doi: 10.22437/jiseb.v21i1.5096
Ismiati & Afroda, H. (2023). Faktor Penentu Produksi Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Di Provinsi Riau The Determinant Factor Of Smallholder Palm Oil Production In Riau Province. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 23(2), 211–218. doi: 10.25181/jppt.v23i2.2726
Ismono, H., Prasmatiwi, F. E., & Lestari, D. A. H. (2019). Socio-Economic Dimensions Of Oil Palm Replanting Towards Sustainable Palm Oil Business In Lampung Province. Institute For Research And Community Service. Lampung: Universitas Lampung
Jelsma, I., & Schoneveld, G. C. (2016). Towards more sustainable and productive independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia: Insights from the development of a smallholder typology (Vol. 210). CIFOR.
Juswandi, J., & Sumarna, P. (2023). Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Pertanian Dan Korelasinya Dengan Usia Pertanian Di Jawa Barat. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian. 11(2): 361-369. doi: 10.35138/paspalum.v11i2.630
Karmini. (2018). Ekonomi Produksi Pertanian. Samarinda. University Press: Mulawarman
Lestari, D. A. H., Fitriani, F., Prasmatiwi, F. E., Sayekti, W. D., & Lestari, F. Y. (2025). Analysis Of The Welfare Gap Among Smallholder Palm Oil Farmers In Two Scheme Farming Management: A Case Study In Lampung Province, Indonesia. Asian Journal Of Agriculture And Rural Development, 15(1), 1-10. doi: 10.55493/5005.v15i1.5275
Kementerian Pertanian. (2020). Indonesia Eksportir Kelapa Sawit Terbesar Di Dunia Tahun 2020. Kementerian Pertanian: Jakarta. Retrieved from https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/template/uploads/2022/08/STATISTIK-UNGGULAN-2020-2022.pdf
Kumbadewi, L. S., Suwendra, I. W., & Susila, G. P. A. J. (2021). Pengaruh Umur, Pengalaman Kerja, Upah, Teknologi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 9(1), 1–9. Retrieved from https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JMI/article/view/38671
Maat, H., Lisnawati, L., Woittiez, L. S., & Slingerland, M. A. (2019). Good agricultural practices in oil palm and smallholder inclusion in Indonesia. In R. Jezeer, & N. Pasiecznik (Eds.), Exploring inclusive palm oil production (pp. 72-77). (ETFRN News; No. 59). European Tropical Forest Research Network. Retrieved from http://www.etfrn.org/publications/exploring+inclusive+palm+oil+production
Mubyarto. (1994). Pengantar Ekonomi Pertanian. Edisi Ketiga. LP3ES: Jakarta
Murphy, D.J., Kirstie Goggin, K & Paterson, R. R. . (2021). Oil Palm In The 2020s And Beyond: Challenges And Solutions. CABI Agriculture And Bioscience, 3(29), 1–22. doi: 10.1186/s43170-021-00058-3
Nowak, A., & Kijek, T. (2016). The Effect Of Human Capital On Labour Productivity Of Farms In Poland. Studies in Agricultural Economics, 118(1), 16–21. doi: 10.7896/j.1606
Nurchaini, D. S., Damayanti, Y., & Ulma, R. O. (2020). Optimalisasi Penggunaan Faktor Produksi Pada Usaha Tani Kakao Di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 19(2), 331–346. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.19.2.331-346
Nurliza., Nugraha, A., Muthahhari, M., & P. (2023). Does Household Financial Management Of Independent Oil Palm Smallholders Promote Rural Development? AGRARIS, 9(2), 219–237. doi: 10.18196/agraris.v9i2.26
Oktavia, A., Zulfanetti, Z., & Yulmardi, Y. (2017). Analisis Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Pertanian Di Sumatera. Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika, 12(2), 49–56. doi: 10.22437/paradigma.v12i2.3940
Omotesho, K. F., Ogunlade, I., Muhammad, L. A., & Kehinde, F. B. (2016). Determinant Of Level Of Participation Of Farmers In Group Activities In Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal Of Agricultural Faculty Of Gaziosmanpasa University, 33(3), 21–27. doi: 10.13002/jafag887
Omotesho, K. F., Ogunlade, I., Olabanji, P. Olabode, D.A., & Adu, J. (2021). Adoption Of Innovation Through Joint Asset Acquisition: The Case Of Women Rice Processor Groups In Nigeria. Pertanika Journal: Social Science & Humanities 771 - 784, 29(2), 771–784. doi: 10.47836/pjssh.29.2.02
Paloma, C., Yusmarni, Y., Utami, A. S., & Hasnah, H. (2020). Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Pembiayaan Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Kopi Di Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 19(2), 301–314. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.19.2.301-314
Pawlewicz, A., & Pawlewicz, K. (2018). Regional Differentiation Of Productive Potential Of Agriculture And The Effectiveness Of Its Use In Poland. Proceedings Of The 2018 International Conference "Economic Science For Rural Development, 9(0), 483–489. doi: 0.22616/ESRD.2018.056
Portal Data Ekonomi dan Bisnis. (2022). Produktivitas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Indonesia Vs Malaysia (2019-2021). Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/04/26/produktivitas-perkebunan-sawit-indonesia-menyamai-malaysia-pada-2021
Purwadi, Firmansyah, E., and Nurjanah, D. (2023). Challenges And Gap Capacity Of Palm Oil Farmers In Accessing Digital Extension And Assistance Services. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 8(2), 471–484. doi: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v8i2.18099
Siswati, L., and Putri, A. (2023). Farmers’ Perceptions Of Selecting Oil Palm Plants During Replanting In Kampung Delima Jaya, Kerinci Kanan District, Siak Regency. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 7(1), 176–182. doi: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v7i1.16721
Sugiarto, D., Siagian, L. S., Sunaryanto, and Oetomo, D. S. (2003). Teknik Sampling. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama: Jakarta
Suharno S., Yuprin A.D.Y. A., & Barbara, B. (2017). Analisis Kinerja Usahatani Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Melalui Pola Kemitraan Di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia (Journal of Indonesian Agribusiness, 3(2), 135–144. doi: 10.29244/jai.2015.3.2.135-144
Supriyo, I., & Indriani, R. (2022). Buku Ajar Ekonomi Produksi Pertanian. Ideas Publishing. Gorontalo
Wahyuningsih, Y. M., & Z. (2016). Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pada Usahatani Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata L) Di Desa Mantuyan Kecamatan Halong Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Al Ulum Sains Dan Teknologi, 1(2), 98–101. doi: 10.31602/ajst.v1i2.443
Yulistriani, Y., & Mahdi, M. (2017). Profil, Alokasi Dan Pendapatan Tenaga Kerja Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Di Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Jurnal AGRISEP, 16(1), 25–32. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.16.1.25-32
Zereyesus, Y. A., Embaye, W. T., Tsiboe, F., & Amanor-Boadu, V. (2017). Implications Of Non-Farm Work To Vulnerability To Food Poverty-Recent Evidence From Northern Ghana. World Development, 91, 113–124. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.015