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Abstract
Jumlah populasi badak Sumatera semakin menurun dengan peta sebaran yang sudah sangat terbatas pada daerah tertentu saja terutama berada di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (Aceh), Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (Jambi), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (Sumatera Selatan) dan Taman Nasional Way Kambas. Koleksi Sample berasal dari SRS (Suaka Rhino Sumatera) TN Way Kambas, sample berupa darah dari 2 ekor badak sumatera berjenis kelamin betina (Rosa berasal dari TN. Bukit Barisan Selatan/TNBBS & Bina berasal dari Bengkulu) dan 2 ekor badak jantan asli indonesia tetapi telah lama ditangkarkan di kebun binatang Inggris (Los Angeles Zoo) dan Amerika (Cincinati Zoo) yaitu (Torgamba berasal dari Riau & Andalas kedua induknya berasal dari Bengkulu). Darah diambil dengan menggunakan disposible syringe 10 ml pada daerah vena auricularis (bagian telinga). Isolasi DNA dilakukan menggunakan metode Duryadi (2005). Amplifikasi CO I menggunakan pasangan primer tersebut yaitu Primer untuk mengamplifikasi sekuen CO I partial (RHCOIF & RHCOIR). menunjukkan perbedaan basa nukleotida diantara keempat individu badak Sumatera dengan badak India adalah berkisar 95 – 100 nukleotida sedangkan dengan badak putih Afrika 93 – 101 nukleotida. dalam badak Sumatera (Indonesia) sendiri terjadi keragaman. Torgamba terlihat satu kluster dengan Bina, namun Andalas dan Rosa terlihat jauh kekerabatannya baik dengan Torgamba maupun Bina.Berdasarkan karakteristik sekuen gen CO I, walaupun baru parsial 716 bp didapatkan bahwa badak Asia terpisah dengan badak Afrika.
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References
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- Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR. 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. J Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B (Suppl.). 270:313–321.
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- Frankham RJD et al. 2002. Introduction to conservation genetics. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
- IUCN. 1996. The IUCN red list of threatened animals, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- Kumar S, Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. 2007. J Mol Biol Evol. 24(8): 1596-1599.
- Lekagul B, McNelly. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Sahakarnbhat Co. Bangkok.
- Nowak RM. 1991. Walker’s mammals of the world. University Pers. Baltimore & London.
- Penny M. 1987. Rhino Endangered Spesies. Christopher Helm London. London.
- Primack. 1998. Biologi Konservasi. Yayasan Obor. Indonesia
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- Van Strien NJ. 1985. The Sumatran Rhinocerus Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fiscer, 1814) in The Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatera, Indonesia, Its Distribution, Ekology and Conservation. Privately Publisher.
- WWF (World Wide Fund). 2002. Asian Rhinos- Spesies Status Report. WWF.
- Yayasan Mitra Rhino. 1998. Program Konservasi badak Sumatera. Laporan Tahunan Bidang Survey dan Patroli Rhino Protection Unit (RPU) Taman Nasional Way Kambas periode Desenber 1996 - Desember1998.
References
Alikodra HS. 2002. Pengelolaan satwaliar jilid 1. Departemen Pendidikan dan kebudayaan Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas IPB. Bogor.
Atmoko, T., BS. Sitepu, Mukhlisi, SJ. Kustini & R. Setiawan. 2016. Jenis Tumbuhan Pakan Badak Sumatera (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) di Kalimantan. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam. Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur.
Avise, JC. 2004. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Cunningham, Meghen MC. 2001 .Biological identification systems: genetic markers. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.20 (2): 491-499
Duryadi D. 1994. peran DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) dalam studi keragaman genetik dan biologi populasi pada hewan. J Hayati 1(1):1-4.
Duryadi D. 1997. Isolasi dan purifikasi mitochondrian (mtDNA). Laboraturium Biologi Molekuler Pusat Penelitian Sumberdaya Hayati dan Bioteknologi (PPSH) Institut Pertanian Bogor, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR. 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. J Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B (Suppl.). 270:313–321.
Hubback. 1939. The Asiatic Two-Horned Rhinoceros. Journal of Mammalogy. 20(1): 1-20.
Fernando P, Polet G, Foead N, Linda. 2006. Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Journal Conservation Genetik. 7: 439-448.
Frankham RJD et al. 2002. Introduction to conservation genetics. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
IUCN. 1996. The IUCN red list of threatened animals, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. 2007. J Mol Biol Evol. 24(8): 1596-1599.
Lekagul B, McNelly. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Sahakarnbhat Co. Bangkok.
Nowak RM. 1991. Walker’s mammals of the world. University Pers. Baltimore & London.
Penny M. 1987. Rhino Endangered Spesies. Christopher Helm London. London.
Primack. 1998. Biologi Konservasi. Yayasan Obor. Indonesia
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. 2007. MEGA: Moleculer Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Advance Access published May 7. Oxford University Press. Mol Bio 10. 1093/molbev/msm 092.
Van Strien NJ. 1985. The Sumatran Rhinocerus Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fiscer, 1814) in The Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatera, Indonesia, Its Distribution, Ekology and Conservation. Privately Publisher.
WWF (World Wide Fund). 2002. Asian Rhinos- Spesies Status Report. WWF.
Yayasan Mitra Rhino. 1998. Program Konservasi badak Sumatera. Laporan Tahunan Bidang Survey dan Patroli Rhino Protection Unit (RPU) Taman Nasional Way Kambas periode Desenber 1996 - Desember1998.