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Abstract
Banana is a horticulture crop that has economic value and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana production in Bengkulu province reached 259,748 quintals, then durian (110,387 quintals), tangerines (94,396 quintals) (BPS 2015). Banana bunchy top disease caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) infection is considered the most crucial virus disease affecting yield losses of a banana plantation in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. However, the incidence and molecular characters of BBTV has never been reported in Bengkulu. This research aims to characterize symptom variations, disease incidence, and disease severity of BBTV infection in Bengkulu and virus detection using molecular methods by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disease incidence of BBTV was measured based on field symptoms. The disease survey was conducted in Bengkulu city, Bengkulu Utara district, and Rejang Lebong district. The study showed that the incidence of BBTV in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Utara, and Rejang Lebong ranged from 0% to 100%. The most common symptoms observed in the field involved vein clearing, upturned leaf, chlorotic, and ragged margins, reducing petiole length, distance, lamina width, and stunting. Banana crops that are infected with BBTV in the vegetative phase will not produce fruit. In contrast, viral infection in the generative phase causes the formation of stunted fruit that is not suitable for harvesting. Thus, the potential loss of yield due to stunted disease can reach 100%. This study's results are the first reports of BBTV infection in banana crops in Bengkulu. Disease diagnosis will form the basis of disease control strategies in banana crops.
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References
- Chiaki Y, Nasir N, Herwina H, Jumjunidang, Sonoda A, Fukutomo T, Nakamura M, Iwai H. 2015. Genetic structure and diversity of the Banana bunchy top virus population on Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Eur J Plant Pathol 143 (1): 113-122. doi: 10.1007/s10658-015-0669-9.
- Furuya N, Somowiyarjo S, Natsuaki KT. 2004. Virus Detection from Local Banana Cultivars and the First Molecular Characterization of Banana bunchy top virus in Indonesia. J Agri Sci 49 (3): 75-81.
- Hooks CRR, Wright MG, Kabasawa DS, Manandhar R, Almeida RPP. 2008. Effect of Banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana. Ann of Appl Biol 153: 1-9. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00233.x.
- King AMQ, Lefkowitz E, Adams MJ, Carstens EB et al. 2011. Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Burlington (UK): Elsevier Science.
- Kumar PL, Hanna R, Alabi OJ, Soko MM, Oben TT, Vangu GHP, Naidu RA. 2011. Banana bunchy top virus in sub-Saharan Africa: investigation on virus distribution and diversity. Virus Res 159 (2): 171-182. doi:10.1016/j. virusres.2011.04.021
- Mansoor S, Qazi J, Amin I, Khatri A, Khan IA, Raza S, Zafar Y, Bridon RW. 2005. A PCR-based method with internal control for the detection of Banana bunchy top virus in banana. Mol Biotech 30 : 127-129
- Niyongere C, Losenge T, Ateka EM, Nkezabahizi D, Blomme G, Lepoint P. 2011. Occurrence and distribution of Banana bunchy top disease in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Tree Forestry Sci Biotech 6 (1):102-107.
- Pinili MS, Nyana DN, Suastika G, Natsuaki KT. 2011. Molecular analysis of Banana bunchy top virus first isolated in Bali, Indonesia. J Agri Sci 56 (2): 125-134.
- Thomas J E. Banana Bunchy Top Virus. 2008. Encyclopedia of Virology. (B.W.J. Mahy and M.H.V. Van Regenmortel, Editors). Oxford (UK): Elsevier.
References
Chiaki Y, Nasir N, Herwina H, Jumjunidang, Sonoda A, Fukutomo T, Nakamura M, Iwai H. 2015. Genetic structure and diversity of the Banana bunchy top virus population on Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Eur J Plant Pathol 143 (1): 113-122. doi: 10.1007/s10658-015-0669-9.
Furuya N, Somowiyarjo S, Natsuaki KT. 2004. Virus Detection from Local Banana Cultivars and the First Molecular Characterization of Banana bunchy top virus in Indonesia. J Agri Sci 49 (3): 75-81.
Hooks CRR, Wright MG, Kabasawa DS, Manandhar R, Almeida RPP. 2008. Effect of Banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana. Ann of Appl Biol 153: 1-9. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00233.x.
King AMQ, Lefkowitz E, Adams MJ, Carstens EB et al. 2011. Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Burlington (UK): Elsevier Science.
Kumar PL, Hanna R, Alabi OJ, Soko MM, Oben TT, Vangu GHP, Naidu RA. 2011. Banana bunchy top virus in sub-Saharan Africa: investigation on virus distribution and diversity. Virus Res 159 (2): 171-182. doi:10.1016/j. virusres.2011.04.021
Mansoor S, Qazi J, Amin I, Khatri A, Khan IA, Raza S, Zafar Y, Bridon RW. 2005. A PCR-based method with internal control for the detection of Banana bunchy top virus in banana. Mol Biotech 30 : 127-129
Niyongere C, Losenge T, Ateka EM, Nkezabahizi D, Blomme G, Lepoint P. 2011. Occurrence and distribution of Banana bunchy top disease in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Tree Forestry Sci Biotech 6 (1):102-107.
Pinili MS, Nyana DN, Suastika G, Natsuaki KT. 2011. Molecular analysis of Banana bunchy top virus first isolated in Bali, Indonesia. J Agri Sci 56 (2): 125-134.
Thomas J E. Banana Bunchy Top Virus. 2008. Encyclopedia of Virology. (B.W.J. Mahy and M.H.V. Van Regenmortel, Editors). Oxford (UK): Elsevier.