Article Sidebar

Submitted
April 27, 2018
Accepted
May 26, 2018
Published
June 18, 2018
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 150 Download : 86

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study was planned with hypothesis to quantify mineralization rate of wheat and groundnut straw spiked in Kahuta and Guliana soil series. Results revealed that groundnut and wheat strawspiked soils had increased quantum of microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), biomass nitrogen (Nmic) and biomass phosphorous (Pmic) and activities of enzyme dehydrogenase (DHA) and alkaline phosphatase (APA) than un-amended soils. Initially, the contents of soil Cmic, Nmic, Pmic, DHA, and APA increased gradually during 2-14th days of incubation (DAI), again increased significantly at 28th DAI and then decreased slowly at 60th DAI in all treatments under both series. Hence, the addition of groundnut straw mineralized better than to other organic sources in both soil series.  These results suggested that groundnut straw must be incorporated in soil one month before sowing of crop to enhance crop yield under rain-fed dry farming.

Key words: Crop Residues, Microbial Biomass, Soil Enzymes, Aridisol, Alfisols

Article Details

License

An author who publishes in the Jurnal AGRITROPICA agrees to the following terms:

Author retains the copyright and grants the Journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Submission of a manuscript implies that the submitted work has not been published before (except as part of a thesis or report, or abstract); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors. If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the author(s) still hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions. For the new invention, authors are suggested to manage its patent before published. The license type is CC-BY-SA 4.0.

Hasil gambar untuk gambar cc by sa

AGRITROPICA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material

for any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

References

  1. Ambus, P., and E. S. Jensen. 2007. Crop residue management strategies to reduce N-losses-interaction with crop n supply. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 32(7-8): 981-996.
  2. Anderson, J. M., and J. S. I. Ingram. 1993. In Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility: -A Handbook of Methods. CAB International, Wallingford, U. K. 68-71.
  3. Antonio C. V. Motta, D. Wayne Reeves, Charles Burmester & Y. Feng. 2007. Conservation tillage, rotations, and cover crop affecting soil quality in the Tennessee valley: particulate organic matter, organic matter, and microbial biomass. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38(19-20): 2831-2847.
  4. Black, C. A. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  5. Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method for measuring microbial nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 17: 837-842.
  6. Brookes, P. C., D. S. Powlson, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1982. Measurement of microbial biomass phosphorous in soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 14: 319-329.
  7. Buresh, R. J., E. R. Austin, and E. T. Craswell. 1982. Analytical method in N-15 research. California Fertilizer Association. Soil Improvement Committee, 1980. Western Fertilizer Handbook. 6th (ed) Interstate Printers and Publishers. Danville, ILL, USA. Fertilizer Research 3: 47-62.
  8. Burns, R. G. 1978. Enzyme Activity in Soil. Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations. In R.G. Burns (ed.) Soil enzymes. Academic Press, New York. 295-340.
  9. Casida, L. E., D. A. Klein, and T. Santro. 1964. Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 98: 371-376.
  10. Carina R., R. A. Álvarez, and A. Sarquis. 2008. Residue decomposition and fate of nitrogen?15 in a wheat crop under different previous crops and tillage systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39(3-4): 574-586.
  11. Chand, S., M. Anwar, D. D. Patra & S. P. S. Khanuja. 2006. Effect of mint distillation waste on soil microbial biomass in a mint-mustard cropping sequence. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(1-2): 243-254.
  12. Eivazi, F., and M. A. Tabatabai. 1977. Phosphatase in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 9:167-172.
  13. Flessa, H., M. Potthoff, and N. Loftfield. 2002. Green house estimates of CO2 and N2O emissions following surface application of grass mulch: importance of indigenous microflora of mulch. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 345: 875-879.
  14. Fliebach, A., H. R. Oberholzer, L. Gunst, and P. Mader. 2007. Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 118: 273-284.
  15. Foley, J. A., R. DeFries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. Chapin, M. T. Coe, G. C. Daily, H. K Gibbs, J. H. Helkowski, T. Holloway, E. A. Howard, C. J. Kucharik, C. Monfreda, J. A. Patz, I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, and P. K. Snyder. 2005. Global consequences of land use. Science Journal 309 (5734): 570-574.
  16. Gaofei, G., L. Zhaojun, F. Fenliang, C. Guixin, H. Zhenana, and Yongchao. 2010. Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Plant & Soil 326: 31-44.
  17. Garcia, C., T. Hernandez, F. Costa, and B. Ceccanti. 1994. Biochemical parameters in soils regenerated by the addition of organic wastes. Waste Management and Research 12: 457-466.
  18. Gee, G. W., and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Particle size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Klute. A., (eds.). Part I. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, USA. 383.
  19. Green, J., and B. J. M. Bohannan. 2006. Spatial scaling of microbial biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 501-507.
  20. He, J. Z., Y. Ge, Z. H. Xu, and C. R. Chen. 2009. Linking soil bacterial diversity to ecosystem multifunctional using backward elimination booted tree analyses. Journal of Soils Sediments 9: 547- 554.
  21. He, J. Z., Y. Zheng, C. R. Chen, Y. Q. He, and L. M. Zhang. 2008. Microbial composition band diversity of an upland red soil under long term fertilization treatments as revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Journal of Soils Sediments 8: 349-358.
  22. Hojati, S., and F. Nourbakhsh. 2006. Enzyme activities and microbial biomass C in a soil amended with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Agronomy 5: 563-579.
  23. Hu, C., Z. P. Cao, Y. F. Chen, and R. Dawson. 2008. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon, mineral nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization in long-term field experiment at Northern China. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32: 1044- 1046.
  24. Joergensen, R. G, and T. Mueller. 1995. The fumigation extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass: calibration of the k EN value. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28: 33-37.
  25. Joergensen, R. G. 2001. The fumigation-extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass: Calibration of the kEC value. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28: 25-31.
  26. Kawabiah, A. B, C. A. Palm, N. C. Stoskopf, and R. P. Voronhy. 2003. Response of soil microbial biomass dynamics to quality of plant materials with emphasis on P availability. Australian Journal of Soil Research 30: 800-832.
  27. Khan, S. R. A. 2001. Crop management water in Pakistan with focus on soil and water. A book published for government of the Punjab Agriculture Department Lahore-Pakistan. 1-179.
  28. Knudsen, D., G. A. Peterson, and P. F. Pratto. 1982. Lithium, Sodium and Potassium. In: A. L. Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keey (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. Amer. Soc. Agron. No.9. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 228-238.
  29. Liang, Y., M. Nikolic, Y. Peng, W. Chen, and Y. Jiang. 2005. Organic manure stimulates biological activity and barley growth in soil subject to secondary salinization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1185-1195.
  30. Marin, J. A. 2004. Biorremediacio´ n, mediante te´ cnicas biolo´ gicas, de hidrocarburos contenidos en lodos de refiner?´a. Experiencias en clima semia´ rido. Ph.D. thesis (In German).
  31. Mc Lean, E. O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In A.L. Page (ed). Methods of Soil analysis, part 2: Chemicals and Microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy Madison. WI, USA. 199-224.
  32. McGrath, S. P., A. M. Chaudhri, and K. E. Giller. 1995. Long-term effects of metals in sewage sludge on soils, microorganisms, and plants. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 14: 94¬-104.
  33. Olsen, S. R., and L. E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. In A. L. Page (ed), Methods of soil analysis, Agron. No.9, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed., American Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, USA. 403-430.
  34. Ortega, R. A., D. G. Westfall, and G. A. Peterson. 2007. Climatic gradient, cropping system, and crop residue impacts on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in no?till soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36(19-20): 2875-2887.
  35. Page A L, Miller R H, Keeney D R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties ASA. Monograph. No. 9, Madison, WI, USA.
  36. Potthoff, M., R. G. Joergensen, and V. Wolters. 2001. Short term effects of earthworm activity and straw amendment on the microbial C and N turnover in a remoistened arable soil after summer drought. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 583-591.
  37. Rao, A. V., and J. C. Tarafdar. 1992. Seasonal changes in available phosphorus and different enzyme activities in arid soils. Annals of Arid Zone 31: 185-189.
  38. Rao, D. L. N., and H. Pathak. 1996. Ameliorative influence of organic matter on the biological activity of salt affected soils. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 10: 311-319.
  39. Rhoades, J. D. 1982. Cation Exchange Capacity. In A.L., Page (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Agronomy No. 9, Part 2: Chemical and Mineralogical properties. Am Soc Agron, Madison. W.I, United States of America. 149-157
  40. Rietz, D. N., and R. J. Haynes. 2003. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35: 845-854.
  41. Ross, M., M. T. Hernandez, and C. Garcia. 2003. Soil microbial activity after restoration of semi arid soil by organic amendments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35: 463-469.
  42. Shah, R. U., M. Abid, F. Qayyum, and R. Ullah. 2015. Dynamics of chemical changes through production of various composts/vermicompost such as farm manure and sugar industry wastes. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 4:39–51.
  43. Steel, R. G. D., J. A. Torrie, and D. A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 3rd McGraw Hill Book Corporation. Inc., New York, USA. 428-434.
  44. Tajeda, M., M. T. Hernandez, and C. Garcia. 2006. Application of two organic amendments on soil restoration: Effects on the soil biological properties. Journal of Environmental Quality 35: 1010-1017.
  45. Tate, R. L. 1987. Soil organic matter: Biological and Ecological Effects. Wiley, New York.
  46. Ullah, R., G. Murtaza, A. Ghafoor, and S. Ullah. 2012. Improving the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) by seed priming in salt affected soils irrigated with saline sodic water. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22 (4): 1055-1059.
  47. Ullah, R., M. I. Lone, K. S. U. Khan, S. M. Mehdi, and M. A. Qazi. 2013. Effect of cropping systems and seasonal variations on soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities in arid soils. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 23(2): 493-499.
  48. Ullah, R., M. I. Lone, S. Ali, and S. Hussain. 2009. Soil water variation under different cropping patterns on sloppy lands in Punjab. Soil & Environment 28(2): 156- 161.
  49. Ullah, R., M. I. Lone, S. M. Mian, S. Ali, K. S.U. Khan, A. A. Sheikh, and I. Ali I. 2012. Impact of seasonal variations and cropping systems on soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities in slope gradient moisture stressed soils of Punjab-Pakistan. Soil & Environment 31(1): 21-29
  50. Yang, L., T. Li, F. Li, J. I. I. Lemcoff, and S. Cohen. 2008. Fertilization regulates soil enzymatic activity and fertility dynamics in a cucumber field. Scientia Horticulturae 116: 21-26.