Main Article Content
Abstract
CouchSurfing merupakan aplikasi keramah-tamahan yang didirikan tahun 2004. Aplikasi ini terus berkembang hingga tahun 2020. Saat ini, anggota CouchSurfing mencapai angka jutaan. Dengan aplikasi ini, anggota dapat menginap secara gratis di rumah member lainnya. Anggota CouchSurfing hanya menekan tombol request to stay untuk menginap di rumah anggota lainnya. Tidak ada hubungan dekat di antara dua anggota yang menjadi host dan surfer. Namun, host bersedia untuk berbagi ruangan dan fasilitas di dalam rumahnya untuk surfer. Lalu, apa bentuk keuntungan yang diterima oleh host melalui aplikasi CouchSurfing ini? Apakah keuntungan tersebut setimpal dengan pengorbanan yang dilakukan oleh host dalam memberikan tempat tinggalnya untuk surfer? Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pertukaran sosial dari George Homans (1961) dan teori tentang hutang (indebtedness) yang digagas oleh Greenberg dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan dianalisis dengan interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Host dan surfer melakukan pertukaran berupa souvenir dan kuliner. Selain sebagai tanda terima kasih karena telah diberikan tempat tinggal, souvenir dan kuliner juga sebagai simbol budaya dan menunjukkan eksistensi diri. Surfer memberikan tanda terima kasih dengan cara membersihkan rumah host. Keuntungan yang diperoleh berupa penghematan anggaran, pengalaman, dan pengetahuan baru. Keuntungan itu tidak hanya berlaku pada saat ini saja, tapi juga dapat diperoleh di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan berupa kehadiran teknologi yang dapat menggantikan peran manusia selaku perantara transaksi di dalam sistem pertukaran ekonomi berbagi secara tidak langsung.
Kata kunci: Aplikasi CouchSurfing, Keuntungan, Host dan surfer, Pertukaran sosial
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References
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References
Aksami, Ni Made Dwi, and I. Made Jember. 2019. “Analisis Minat Penggunaan Layanan E-Money Pada Masyarakat Kota Denpasar.” Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana 8(9):39–70.
Dillon, Michele. 2014. Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and Their Applicability to the Twenty-First Century. Second edition. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Fitriana, Ika. 2018. “Ajakan Travel Mates Mengunjungi Destinasi Wisata Tak Populer Di Jogja.” Travel.Kompas.Com. Retrieved (https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/03/15/062500527/ajakan-travel-mates-mengunjungi-destinasi-wisata-tak-populer-di-jogja?page=all).
Fremstad, Andre. 2017. “Is There a Future for Sharing? A Comparison of Traditional and New Institutions.” Journal of Institutional Economics 14(4):595–616.
Geiger, Alina, and Claas Christian Germelmann. 2015. “Reciprocal Couchsurfing Versus Sharing’s Non-Reciprocity Principle.” Proceedings of the 44th EMAC Conference.
Greenberg, Martin S. 1980. “A Theory of Indebtedness.” Pp. 3–26 in Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research. New York: Plenum Press.
Hamari, Juho, Mimmi Sjöklint, and Antti Ukkonen. 2016. “The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption?” Journal of Association for Information Science and Technology 67(9):2047–59.
Inkson, Clare. 2019. “Unplanned Expansions: Renting Private Homes to Tourists.” in Destination London: The Expansion of the Visitor Economy. London: University of Westminster Press.
Kahija, La Ode Y. F. 2017. Penelitian Fenomenololgis. Jalan Memahami Pengalaman Hidup. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius Yogyakarta.
Kolm, Serge-Christophe. 2008. Reciprocity: An Economics of Social Relation. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Lauterbach, Debra, Hung Truong, Tanuj Shah, and Lada Adamic. 2009. “Surfing a Web of Trust: Reputation and Reciprocity on CouchSurfing.Com.” Pp. 346–53 in 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE.
Lessig, Lawrence. 2008. Remix : Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.
Makmur, Riniwaty. 2019. Media Relations Di Balik Layar: Praktik, Tips, Dan Teori. Jakarta: PT Kompas Gramedia Nusantara.
Malterud, Kirsti. 2016. “Theory and Interpretation in Qualitative Studies from General Practice: Why and How?” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 44(2):120–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494815621181.
Molz, Jennie Germann. 2007. “Cosmopolitans on the Couch: Mobile Hospitality and the Internet.” in Mobilizing Hospitality: The Ethics of Social Relations in a Mobile World. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Oktiani, Ifni. 2017. “Kreativitas Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik.” Jurnal Kependidikan 5(2):216–32. doi: 10.24090/jk.v5i2.1939.
Rayhana, R., and Hatfina Izzati. 2017. “Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Wanita Usia Subur Dalam Melakukan Pap Smear Di Kecamatan Cipondoh, Kota Tangerang Tahun 2016.” Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan 1(4).
Sugianto, Rona Bethari, and Wida Ayu Puspitosari. 2019. “Doa Sebagai Bentuk Pertukaran Ekonomi.” Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 4(1):59–72.
Swedberg, Richard. 2003. The Principles of Economic Sociology. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Toeniskoetter, Clare. 2013. “Hospitality Exchange: Overcoming Safety, Trust, and Gender Concerns in the Couchsurfing Community.” Senior Honors Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Abror.
Utami, Sri. 2018. “Kuliner Sebagai Identitas Budaya: Perspektif Komunikasi Lintas Budaya.” Journal of Strategic Communication 8(2):36–44.