Main Article Content
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L) is a very important food and animal feed after rice. One of the important pests that attack corn plants is Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith. This pest is a new pest and is a major pest in corn. In pest control, farmers generally use synthetic chemicals. In an effort to reduce these negative impacts synthetic chemical, entomopathogenic nematode (NEP) was chosen as one of the more environmentally friendly control techniques. This study aims to obtain NEP isolates, population density and virulence against S. frugiperda. This research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Bengkulu University from December 2019 to April 2020. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of NEP concentrations : 0 Jl / ml; 200 Jl / 1ml; 400 Jl / 2ml; 600 Jl / 3ml originating from Bengkulu and Kepahiang isolates. Each experiment consisted of 3 S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that the NEP obtained from each region, namely the genus Steinermatidae. Population density of 9,005 NEP / 5ml in the Kepahiang area and 6,837 NEP / 5ml in the Bengkulu region. NEP virulence test against S. frugiperda larvae showed that 200 Jl / ml concentration was able to control S. frugiperda in maize , and can kill pests within 4 days. With an LC50 value of 163.5 Jl / ml in Kepahiang isolates and 186.5 Jl / ml in Bengkulu isolates.
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References
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- Simoes, N. and J.S. Rosa. 1996. Pathogenecity and host specifity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Jurnal Biocontrol Science and Technology. 6(3): 403-412.
- Smart, G. C. 1995. Entomopathogenic nematodes for the biological control of insects. Journal of Nematology.27: 529-534
- Subagiya, 2005a. Patogenisitas Nematoda Steinernema carpocapsae (All) dan simbiotik Bakteri Xenorhabdus nematophilus pada Ulat Jantung Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis Zell).
- Subagiya, 2005b. Pengendalian Hayati dengan Nematoda Entomogenus Steinernema carpocapsae (All) Strain Lokal terhadap Hama Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. di Tawangmangu. Agrosains 7(1): 34-39.
- Sulistiyanto, D. 1998. Prospek dan kemungkinan resiko bioinsektisida nematoda entomopatogen dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu. Makalah seminar FKSIMTI Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember. Jember.
- Sulistiyanto, D. 2008. Keselarasan dalam Pemanfaatan dan Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu dengan Memanfaatkan Agens Hayati, Nematoda Entomopatogen dalam Menunjang Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Universitas Jember. Jember.
- Sulistiyanto, D. 2011. Penuntun Praktikum Pembiakan Massal Agens Hayati Nematoda Entomopatogen. Universitas Jember. Jember.
- Surrey., M.R., and D.A. Wharton. 1995. Desiccation survival of the infective larvae of the insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis zealandiaca Poinar. Journal of Parasitology. 25(6): 749-752.
- Uhan, T.S. 2008. Bioefikasi beberapa isolat nematoda entomopatogenik Steinernema spp. terhadap Spodoptera litura Fabricius pada tanaman cabai di rumah kaca. Jurnal Hortikultura. 18 (2): 175-184.
- Wagiman, F.X., B. Triman. Dan R.S. Astuti. 2003. Keefektifan Steinernema spp. terhadap Spodoptera exigua. Jurnal Perlintan Indonesia. 9(1):22-27.
- Wiludjeng, W. dan S. Rahayuningtyas. 2013. Uji Efikasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Pada Hama Tanaman Cabai. Journal of Agricultural Science. 11(1): 63-66
References
Anggraeni, E. D. 2003. Nematoda Entomopatogen pada Beberapa Lahan Palawija dan Hortikultura di Wilayah Bogor dan Cianjur. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Bahari. 2000. Inventarisasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Steinernema spp dan Heterorhabditis spp pada Tanaman Holtikultura Jawa Timur. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Universitas jember. Jember.
Baharuddin, F. 2014. Uji Efektivitas Nematoda Entomopatogen Pada Hama Bawang Merah Spodoptera exigua. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Semarang. Semarang.
Baliadi, Y. 2011. Pathogenecity, development and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp., in mealworm Tenebrio molitor. Jurnal Agrivita. 33 (3): 240-251.
Buurma dan Nurmalinda. 1994. Pest- control Practices in Shallot in Brebes.Internal Communication LEHRI/ATA-395 No.42.
CABI. 2019. Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm). https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm. 10 September 2019.
Chaerani, F., M.M. Downes, M.J, and C.T. Griffin. 1995. Pembiakan Massal Nematoda Entomopatogen Serangga Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis Isolat Indonesia secara In vitro untuk Pengendalian Hama Penggerek Padi secara Hayati. Poster Ilmiah pada Pekan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi. Tanggerang.
Djamilah, Nadrawati, dan M. Rosi. 2010. Isolasi Steinernema dari tanah pertanaman jagung di Bengkulu bagian selatan dan patogenesitasnya terhadap Spodoptera litura F. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. 12(1): 34-39
Djunaedi, A. 2009. Studi Karakter Ekologi Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis Isolat Lokal Madura. Jurnal Embryo. 6(1): 1-12.
Ehlers, R. U. 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol : practice and comercial aspects with regard to regulatory policy issues. Journal of Biocontrol Science and Technology. 6(1): 303-316.
Ehlers, R.U., I. Niemann, S. Hollmer, O. Strauch, D. Jende, M. Shanmugasundaram, U.K. Mehta, S.K. Easwaramoorthy, and A. Burnell. 2000. Mass production potential of the bactohelminthic biocontrol complex Heterorhabditis indica - Photorhabdus luminescens. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 10(5): 607-616.
Faiz, M. B. 2009. Tanah Tropika Agroekoteknologi Lahan Kering. Badan penerbitan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu. Bengkulu
FAO and CABI.2019. Community-Based Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Monitoring, Early Warning and Management. Training of trainers manual, First Edition. 112 pp.
Gauler, R. and H.K. Kaya. 1990. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control. CRC Press. Florida.
Kaya, H.K. and Stock, S.P. 1997. Manual of Technique in Insect Pathology. Page 21-27.
Kementerian Pertanian. 2019. Pengenalan Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frigiperda J. E. Smith) Hama Baru pada Tanaman Jagung di Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia.
Koster, W.G. 1990. Exploratory Survey on Shallot in Rice-based Cropping System in Brebes. Bul. Penel. Hort. Edisi Khusus XVIII(1):19-30.
Nadrawati., B.R.G. Sempurna dan Z. Agustin. 2019.Identifikasi Hama Baru dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Tanaman Jagung di Kelurahan Sidomulyo Kecamatan Seluma Selatan Kabupaten Seluma.Fakultas Pertanian.Universitas Bengkulu.Bengkulu.
Nugrohorini. 2010. Eksplorasi nematoda entomopatogen pada beberapa wilayah di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pertanian MAPETA. 12(2): 72-144.
Poinar, G.O. 1979. Taxonomy and biology of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in biological Control of Insect. Page 23-60.
Ria, F. 2014 Nematoda Entomopatogen Indigenous dalam Uji Perbandingan Efikasi Pengendalian Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Skirpsi. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Malang
Roesmarkam, A. dan N. W. Yuwono. 2002. Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Salame, L. and I. Glazer. 2000. Osmotik Survival of The Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Biological control. 18(3): 251-257.
Simoes, N. and J.S. Rosa. 1996. Pathogenecity and host specifity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Jurnal Biocontrol Science and Technology. 6(3): 403-412.
Smart, G. C. 1995. Entomopathogenic nematodes for the biological control of insects. Journal of Nematology.27: 529-534
Subagiya, 2005a. Patogenisitas Nematoda Steinernema carpocapsae (All) dan simbiotik Bakteri Xenorhabdus nematophilus pada Ulat Jantung Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis Zell).
Subagiya, 2005b. Pengendalian Hayati dengan Nematoda Entomogenus Steinernema carpocapsae (All) Strain Lokal terhadap Hama Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. di Tawangmangu. Agrosains 7(1): 34-39.
Sulistiyanto, D. 1998. Prospek dan kemungkinan resiko bioinsektisida nematoda entomopatogen dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu. Makalah seminar FKSIMTI Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember. Jember.
Sulistiyanto, D. 2008. Keselarasan dalam Pemanfaatan dan Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu dengan Memanfaatkan Agens Hayati, Nematoda Entomopatogen dalam Menunjang Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Universitas Jember. Jember.
Sulistiyanto, D. 2011. Penuntun Praktikum Pembiakan Massal Agens Hayati Nematoda Entomopatogen. Universitas Jember. Jember.
Surrey., M.R., and D.A. Wharton. 1995. Desiccation survival of the infective larvae of the insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis zealandiaca Poinar. Journal of Parasitology. 25(6): 749-752.
Uhan, T.S. 2008. Bioefikasi beberapa isolat nematoda entomopatogenik Steinernema spp. terhadap Spodoptera litura Fabricius pada tanaman cabai di rumah kaca. Jurnal Hortikultura. 18 (2): 175-184.
Wagiman, F.X., B. Triman. Dan R.S. Astuti. 2003. Keefektifan Steinernema spp. terhadap Spodoptera exigua. Jurnal Perlintan Indonesia. 9(1):22-27.
Wiludjeng, W. dan S. Rahayuningtyas. 2013. Uji Efikasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Pada Hama Tanaman Cabai. Journal of Agricultural Science. 11(1): 63-66