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Ketahanan pangan erat kaitannya dengan kemiskinan karena salah satu aspek ketahanan pangan adalah keterjangkauan. Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan provinsi terbesar kedua di Pulau Sumatera dalam hal persentase penduduknya yang hidup dalam kemiskinan. Menariknya, persentase penduduk miskin di Provinsi Bengkulu tidak terdampak pandemi bahkan cenderung menurun. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan temuan penelitian mengenai dampak pandemi terhadap pendapatan, kemiskinan, dan ketahanan pangan. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui dampak pandemi terhadap ketahanan pangan adalah dengan membandingkan kondisi sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai perubahan ketahanan pangan sebelum dan sesudah pandemi di kota dan kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu. Investigasi kami menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan indeks ketahanan pangan sebelum dan sesudah pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif, Indeks Ketahanan Pangan di beberapa kabupaten mengalami peningkatan atau stabil sepanjang periode, namun ada pula yang berfluktuasi. Beberapa kabupaten yang mengalami fluktuasi antara lain Rejang Lebong, Seluma, dan Mukomuko. Indeks Ketahanan Pangan kabupaten lain, termasuk Kota Bengkulu, cenderung meningkat. Hanya Indeks Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Kepahiang dan Bengkulu Tengah yang menunjukkan kecenderungan menurun. Hasil uji berpasangan sampel t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan indeks ketahanan pangan antar kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Bengkulu antara sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan p-value sebesar 0,005 yang lebih kecil dari level alpha sebesar 5%. Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil analisis deskriptif tabel Indeks Ketahanan Pangan yang telah diteliti sebelumnya yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan indeks ketahanan pangan antar kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Bengkulu. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan ketiga aspek tersebut. Namun ketiga aspek tersebut memberikan hasil yang berbeda pada uji beda sampel berpasangan. Dari sisi ketersediaan pangan, hasil uji Paired Sample T-test menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan indeks ketersediaan pangan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Tren yang sama juga terjadi pada aksesibilitas pangan, dimana hasil uji t sampel berpasangan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan indeks aksesibilitas yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pandemi. Namun dari sisi kualitas pangan, hasil uji Paired Sample T-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan indeks kualitas yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pandemi, didukung dengan nilai p-value (0,032) < alpha 5%.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2024 hariz eko wibowo, Ridha Rizki Novanda, Rihan Ifebri, Ariffatchur Fauzi
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Referensi
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Béné, C., Bakker, D., Chavarro, M. J., Even, B., Melo, J., & Sonneveld, A. (2021). Global assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 on food security. Global Food Security, 31(December), 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100575
Fan, S., Teng, P., Chew, P., Smith, G., & Copeland, L. (2021). Food system resilience and COVID-19 – Lessons from the Asian experience. Global Food Security, 28(March), 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100501
Franklin, B., Jones, A., Love, D., Puckett, S., Macklin, J., & White-Means, S. (2012). Exploring Mediators of Food Insecurity and Obesity: A Review of Recent Literature. Journal of Community Health, 37(1), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9420-4
Gowda, C., Hadley, C., & Aiello, A. E. (2012). The Association Between Food Insecurity and Inflammation in the US Adult Population. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), 1579–1586. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300551
Hackett, M., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., & Álvarez, M. C. (2009). Household food insecurity associated with stunting and underweight among preschool children in Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 25(6), 506–510. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892009000600006
Ishtiaq, M. (2019). Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n5p40
Ivers, L. C., & Cullen, K. A. (2011). Food insecurity: special considerations for women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1740S-1744S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012617
Khairad F. (2020). Sektor Pertanian di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 ditinjau Dari Aspek Agribisnis. Jounal Agriuma. 2(2): 82–89. http://www.ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/agriuma/article/view/4357
Kurniasih, E. P. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid 19 Terhadap Penurunan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kota Pontianak. Prosiding Seminar Akademik Tahunan Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan 2020, 277–289. https://feb.untan.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Erni-1.pdf
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2015). Stunting Is Associated with Food Diversity while Wasting with Food Insecurity among Underfive Children in East and West Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0133542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133542
Ouoba, Y., & Sawadogo, N. (2022). Food security, poverty and household resilience to COVID-19 in Burkina Faso: Evidence from urban small traders’ households. World Development Perspectives, 25(March), 100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100387
Pan, L., Sherry, B., Njai, R., & Blanck, H. M. (2012). Food Insecurity Is Associated with Obesity among US Adults in 12 States. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(9), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.011
Rose-Jacobs, R., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Chilton, M., Heeren, T., Levenson, S. M., Meyers, A. F., & Frank, D. A. (2008). Household Food Insecurity: Associations With At-Risk Infant and Toddler Development. Pediatrics, 121(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3717
Saraswati, H. (2019). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pasar Saham Di Indonesia. JAD : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Keuangan Dewantara, 3(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.26533/jad.v3i2.696
Seligman, H. K., Laraia, B. A., & Kushel, M. B. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income nhanes participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.112573
Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.018
Syakirotin, M., Karyani, T., & Noor, T. I. (2022). Ketahanan Pangan Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(3), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.3.473
van den Berg, H., Gu, B., Grenier, B., Kohlschmid, E., Al-Eryani, S., da Silva Bezerra, H. S., Nagpal, B. N., Chanda, E., Gasimov, E., Velayudhan, R., & Yadav, R. S. (2020). Pesticide lifecycle management in agriculture and public health: Where are the gaps? Science of The Total Environment, 742, 140598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140598
Vogenthaler, N. S., Kushel, M. B., Hadley, C., Frongillo, E. A., Riley, E. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Weiser, S. D. (2013). Food insecurity and risky sexual behaviors among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior, 17(5), 1688–1693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0355-2
Referensi
Fan, S., Teng, P., Chew, P., Smith, G., & Copeland, L. (2021). Food system resilience and COVID-19 – Lessons from the Asian experience. Global Food Security, 28(March), 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100501
Franklin, B., Jones, A., Love, D., Puckett, S., Macklin, J., & White-Means, S. (2012). Exploring Mediators of Food Insecurity and Obesity: A Review of Recent Literature. Journal of Community Health, 37(1), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9420-4
Gowda, C., Hadley, C., & Aiello, A. E. (2012). The Association Between Food Insecurity and Inflammation in the US Adult Population. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), 1579–1586. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300551
Hackett, M., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., & Álvarez, M. C. (2009). Household food insecurity associated with stunting and underweight among preschool children in Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 25(6), 506–510. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892009000600006
Ishtiaq, M. (2019). Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n5p40
Ivers, L. C., & Cullen, K. A. (2011). Food insecurity: special considerations for women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1740S-1744S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012617
Khairad F. (2020). Sektor Pertanian di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 ditinjau Dari Aspek Agribisnis. Jounal Agriuma. 2(2): 82–89. http://www.ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/agriuma/article/view/4357
Kurniasih, E. P. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid 19 Terhadap Penurunan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kota Pontianak. Prosiding Seminar Akademik Tahunan Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan 2020, 277–289. https://feb.untan.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Erni-1.pdf
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2015). Stunting Is Associated with Food Diversity while Wasting with Food Insecurity among Underfive Children in East and West Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0133542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133542
Ouoba, Y., & Sawadogo, N. (2022). Food security, poverty and household resilience to COVID-19 in Burkina Faso: Evidence from urban small traders’ households. World Development Perspectives, 25(March), 100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100387
Pan, L., Sherry, B., Njai, R., & Blanck, H. M. (2012). Food Insecurity Is Associated with Obesity among US Adults in 12 States. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(9), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.011
Rose-Jacobs, R., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Chilton, M., Heeren, T., Levenson, S. M., Meyers, A. F., & Frank, D. A. (2008). Household Food Insecurity: Associations With At-Risk Infant and Toddler Development. Pediatrics, 121(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3717
Saraswati, H. (2019). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Pasar Saham Di Indonesia. JAD : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Keuangan Dewantara, 3(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.26533/jad.v3i2.696
Seligman, H. K., Laraia, B. A., & Kushel, M. B. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income nhanes participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.112573
Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.018
Syakirotin, M., Karyani, T., & Noor, T. I. (2022). Ketahanan Pangan Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(3), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.3.473
van den Berg, H., Gu, B., Grenier, B., Kohlschmid, E., Al-Eryani, S., da Silva Bezerra, H. S., Nagpal, B. N., Chanda, E., Gasimov, E., Velayudhan, R., & Yadav, R. S. (2020). Pesticide lifecycle management in agriculture and public health: Where are the gaps? Science of The Total Environment, 742, 140598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140598
Vogenthaler, N. S., Kushel, M. B., Hadley, C., Frongillo, E. A., Riley, E. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Weiser, S. D. (2013). Food insecurity and risky sexual behaviors among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior, 17(5), 1688–1693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0355-2