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Abstract
Abstract
This paper draws on research concerned with relations between agents and structures in community-based forest management by bringing in Giddens’s theoretical framework on structuration. The research that this paper draws upon attempted to make visible the relations between state and local elite in opening negotiation spaces on existing forest management problems. The research was carried out in Ladang Palembang village, sub-district of Lebong Utara, Lebong district Bengkulu Province. Data were collected through observation, depth-interviewed, and documentation methods. Informants involved in the study were local informal and formal elites, state decision-makers on forest management, and organizations which are concerned with empowering local communities. The findings reveal that relations between local elites and government (state) have been able to open negotiate space relating to forest management. The relations between agents have produced and reproduced social structures relating to forest management. The structures consist of various institutions such as shared values, norms, and sanctions, social values, and ethics, formal regulations, and customs. The structures are aimed at meeting various agents’ needs and interests.
Keyword: structuration, agents, structures, local elite, protected forest
Abstrak
Makalah ini mengacu pada penelitian yang berkaitan dengan relasi antara agen dan struktur dalam pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat dengan memasukkan kerangka teori Giddens tentang strukturasi. Kajian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk memperjelas relasi antara negara dan elit lokal dalam membuka ruang negosiasi terkait dengan pengelolaan hutan yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Ladang Palembang, Kecamatan Lebong Utara, Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan metode dokumentasi. Informan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah elit informal dan formal setempat, para pengambil keputusan tentang pengelolaan hutan, dan organisasi yang berkaitan dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa hubungan antara elit lokal dan pemerintah (negara) telah mampu membuka ruang negosiasi yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan hutan. Hubungan antara agen telah menghasilkan dan mereproduksi struktur sosial yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan hutan. Struktur tersebut terdiri dari berbagai lembaga seperti nilai-nilai bersama, norma dan sanksi, nilai-nilai sosial dan etika, peraturan formal, adat istiadat, dan lain-lain. Struktur ini ditujukan untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan dan kepentingan agen.
Kata kunci: strukturasi, agen, struktur, elit lokal, hutan lindung, Lebong
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References
- Giddens, Anthony, 1979. Central Problem in Social Theory, London: Macmillan.
- ----------, (1984). The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- ----------, (2009). Problematika Utama dalam Teori Sosial: Aksi, Struktur, dan Kontradiksi dalam Analisis Sosial. Terjemahan Dariyatno. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Hardin, Garret. (1968). The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, 162(1968):1243-1248
- [Online]: http://dieoff.org/page95.htm. Diakses 11 Nopember 2010, 11.36 am
- Neuman, W. Lawrence, 1997. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Peluso, Nancy, Lee, (1995). Whose Woods are these? Counter-mapping in the forests of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Antipode. No. 27 (4): 383-406.
- Peluso, Nancy Lee, (2006). Hutan Kaya, Rakyat Melarat: Penguasaan Sumberdaya dan Perlawanan di Jawa. Jakarta: Konphalindo.
- Priyono, B. Herry, 2000. “ Sebuah Terobosan Teoritis” dalam Majalah Basis, no. 01-02, tahun ke-49, Januari-Pebruari.
- Suminar, Panji; P.E. Tjahjono, Herawan Sauni, 2004. Pengembangan Model Solusi Konflik Hutan Konservasi di Tiga Komunitas Bengkulu. Jakarta: Kantor Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi dan Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.
- Tangketasik, Jansen, (2010). Antara Negara dan Tongkonan: Ruang-Ruang Negosiasi Baru dalam Penguasaan Sumberdaya Hutan di Kabupaten Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. Disertasi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia
References
Giddens, Anthony, 1979. Central Problem in Social Theory, London: Macmillan.
----------, (1984). The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
----------, (2009). Problematika Utama dalam Teori Sosial: Aksi, Struktur, dan Kontradiksi dalam Analisis Sosial. Terjemahan Dariyatno. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Hardin, Garret. (1968). The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, 162(1968):1243-1248
[Online]: http://dieoff.org/page95.htm. Diakses 11 Nopember 2010, 11.36 am
Neuman, W. Lawrence, 1997. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Peluso, Nancy, Lee, (1995). Whose Woods are these? Counter-mapping in the forests of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Antipode. No. 27 (4): 383-406.
Peluso, Nancy Lee, (2006). Hutan Kaya, Rakyat Melarat: Penguasaan Sumberdaya dan Perlawanan di Jawa. Jakarta: Konphalindo.
Priyono, B. Herry, 2000. “ Sebuah Terobosan Teoritis” dalam Majalah Basis, no. 01-02, tahun ke-49, Januari-Pebruari.
Suminar, Panji; P.E. Tjahjono, Herawan Sauni, 2004. Pengembangan Model Solusi Konflik Hutan Konservasi di Tiga Komunitas Bengkulu. Jakarta: Kantor Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi dan Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.
Tangketasik, Jansen, (2010). Antara Negara dan Tongkonan: Ruang-Ruang Negosiasi Baru dalam Penguasaan Sumberdaya Hutan di Kabupaten Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan. Disertasi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia