Main Article Content
Abstract
Since the number of poor households in Indonesia is still high, the Indonesian government encourages women from these families to do small businesses by joining a network called Jar-PUK stands for Jaringan Perempuan Usaha Kecil or Small Business Women Network. This network is intended to empower women’s economy, thereby reducing poverty. Several previous studies showed that the effectiveness of Jar-PUK in empowering women’s economy is still questionable. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of Jar-PUK in Sidorejo, a rural village in Bengkulu, Indonesia, in empowering the economy of its members. This study focused on two groups of Jar-PUK, namely Jar-PUK Seroja and Jar-PUK Sedap Malam, each consisting of 20 women. The participants of this study were selected based on purposive sampling techniques, including coordinators and members from Jar-PUK groups. Data were collected using triangulation techniques involving observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The result shows that Jar-PUK has yet to become an agent of economic empowerment for its members. This study suggests that small business activities run by Jar-PUK members still need to develop to their maximum potential. The obstacles the Jar-PUK members face in running their businesses are a need for knowledge and entrepreneurship skills. These challenges hindered the optimal growth and success of their small businesses. Therefore, the Jar-PUK members need training on entrepreneur skills and mentoring to foster economic empowerment and improve their business’s overall performance.
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How to Cite
Empowering Housewives’ Economy In Sidorejo Village Of Central Bengkulu Through Small Business Women Network: Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Sidorejo, Bengkulu Tengah Melalui Jaringan Perempuan Usaha Kecil. (2024). Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara, 10(1), 82–102. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsn.10.1.82-102
References
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Amri, A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap UMKM di Indonesia. Jurnal Brand, 2(1), 123–130.
Ang, C. W., & Lai, S. L. (2023). Women’s Empowerment in Malaysia and Indonesia: The Autonomy of Women in Household Decision-Making. Pertanika: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 31(2), 903–916. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.22
Anwar, M. Z. (2013). Organisasi Perempuan dan Pembangunan Kesejahteraan. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 8(1), 133–146. http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/isoshum/sosiologireflektif/article/view/521
Aritenang, A. (2021). The Role of Social Capital on Rural Enterprises Economic Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211044178
Arnani, M. (2021). Angka Kemiskinan Indonesia Naik, Ini Data Per Provinsi. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/02/18/110300865/angka-kemiskinan-indonesia-naik-ini-data-per-provinsi?page=all
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021a). Berita Resmi Statistik: Profil Kemiskinan Provinsi Bengkulu September 2020 (Issue 15/2/17/XV).
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021b). September 2020, penduduk miskin Provinsi Bengkulu mencapai 305.997 orang. https://bengkulu.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2021/02/15/581/september-2020--penduduk-miskin-provinsi-bengkulu-mencapai-305-997-orang.html
Budiawati, A. D. (2016). Intip 4 Faktor Sukses Wanita Pengusaha. Dream.Co.Id. https://www.dream.co.id/dinar/intip-4-faktor-sukses-wanita-pengusaha-161107f.html
Daulay, R. (2012). Strategi Jaringan Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat. Ekonomikawan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 11(12), 1–12. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/ekawan/article/view/94
Erbi. (2023). Pemerintah Dorong Perempuan Pelaku UMKM Kembangkan Bisnis. Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/47720/pemerintah-dorong-perempuan-pelaku-umkm-kembangkan-bisnis/0/berita
Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 146–153. http://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/423
Jarpukngudilestari. (2012). JARPUK Ngudi Lestari akan Mewujudkan Kemandirian dan Kesejahteraan PUK. https://jarpukngudilestari.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/jarpuk-ngudi-lestari-akan-mewujudkan-kemandirian-dan-kesejahteraan-puk/
Jirawuttinunt, S., & Wongsahai, E. (2021). The effects of social capital orientation on innovation performance of SME sector in Thailand. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 21(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2021.11
Junaidi, J., Suandi, S., & Perdana, S. M. (2022). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Socio-Economic Conditions for Households in Jambi City, Indonesia. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 22(2), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2022.42
Kim, S. (2023). Antecedents of Compliance Intention and Its Impact on Waste Separation Behavior: Based on Rational Choice Theory and Deterrence Theory. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050424
Krstic, M. (2022). Rational Choice Theory – Alternatives and Criticisms. Socijalna Ekologija, 31(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.17234/SocEkol.31.1.1
Madzorera, I., & Fawzi, W. (2020). Women empowerment is central to addressing the double burden of malnutrition. EClinicalMedicine, 20, 100286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100286
Maryani, D., & Nainggolan, R. R. E. (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (1st ed.). Deepublish. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=67nHDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=pengertian+pemberdayaan+&ots=myqc9jw60f&sig=xVSz2lFVLtGLmCzO7bwgluSKXts&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=pengertian pemberdayaan&f=false
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Method Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=p0wXBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Mishra, M. K. (2020). The World after Covid-19 and its impact on Global Economy. Dentons, December 2019, 1–12.
Mohamad, M. A., & Chin, O. (2019). Business networking and sustainability of small rural business: Mediating effects of entrepreneurial orientation. Management Science Letters, 9, 595–606. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.1.003
Morgan, A. K., Awafo, B. A., & Quartey, T. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on global economic output and sustainability: evidence from around the world and lessons for redress. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 17(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1860345
Newbery, R., Gorton, M., Phillipson, J., & Atterton, J. (2016). Sustaining business networks: Understanding the benefit bundles sought by members of local business associations. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(7), 1267–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15608850
Pattenden, J. (2023). The patriarchy of accumulation: homework, fieldwork and the production-reproduction nexus in rural Indonesia. Canadian Journal of Development/Studies Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement, 44(2), 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2054784
Prastiwi, M. I. (2017). Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Jarpuk (Jaringan Perempuan Usaha Kecil) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Produktif di Madura. Proceeding International Conference On Ethnicity and Globalization, 113–121. http://sosiologi.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/Proceeding-ICEGO.pdf#page=118
Putri, K. A. Q., & Farha, A. (2022). Patriarki di Indonesia: Budaya yang Tak Kunjung Lekang. HIMIESPA (Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Ekonomi UGM). https://himiespa.feb.ugm.ac.id/patriarki-di-indonesia-budaya-yang-tak-kunjung-lekang/
Rahmadhani, S. (2016). Wirausaha Perempuan Lebih Sukses? Ini Faktor-faktornya Menurut Braman Setyo. GOumkm.Id. https://goukm.id/wirausaha-perempuan-lebih-sukses-ini-faktornya/
Ritzer, G. (2012). Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi Klasik Sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern (Kedelapan). Pustaka Pelajar.
Sadan, E. (1997). Empowerment and Community Planning: Theory and Practice of People-Focused Social Solutions. Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishers. https://pdf4pro.com/amp/view/empowerment-and-community-planning-elisheva-13f77f.html
Saptono, A. (2013). Evaluasi Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan (Studi Kasus Pemberdayaan Ekonomi pada PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan di Kelurahan Perwira Kecamatan Bekasi Utara Kota Bekasi Jawa Barat. Econosains, XI(2), 29–54.
Selmani-Bakiu, A. (2022). Empowering Women in the Family: Sui Generis Role of Women in Establishing a Family and in Parental Responsibility. Balkan Social Science Review, 19, 69–88. https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219069s
Sultana, B., Zaaba, Z. B., & Umemoto, K. (2010). Women’s Empowerment Through the Development of Micro Entrepreneurship in Rural Bangladesh. The Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2010.1.9
Supraptiningsih, U., Jubba, H., Hariyanto, E., & Rahmawati, T. (2023). Inequality as a cultural construction: Women ’ s access to land rights in Madurese society. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2194733
Suyono, H. (2020a). Gagasan “Tabungan Takesra” dan “Kredit Kukesra” dilanjutkan Posdaya. Gerakan Masyarakat Mandiri. https://gemari.id/gemari/2020/1/20/a4xy9qvwug0jzo4eumlw38cl38i7n7
Suyono, H. (2020b). Gerakan Takesra Kukesra untuk Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Gerakan Masyarakat Mandiri. https://gemari.id/gemari/2020/1/16/gerakan-takesra-kukesra-untuk-entaskan-kemiskinan
Tjiptaningsih, W. (2017). Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Kasus Pada Kelompok Usaha Perempuan di Desa Sindangkempeng Kecamatan Greged Kabupaten Cirebon). Reformasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi, 1(2), 28–35. http://jurnal.ugj.ac.id/index.php/REFORMASI/article/view/1451
Veronika. (2022). Alasan Wanita Harus Bisa Cari Uang Sendiri. Gramedia Blog. https://www.gramedia.com/best-seller/wanita-harus-bisa-cari-uang-sendiri/
Wijaya, H. H. (2019). Analisis Data Kualitatif: Sebuah Tinjauan Teori dan Praktik (1st ed.). Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Analisis_Data_Kualitatif_Sebuah_Tinjauan/lf7ADwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tahapan+analisis+data+penelitian+kualitatif&printsec=frontcover
Yuliani, A. (2017). Kemenkop UKM: 3,79 Juta UMKM Sudah Go Online. Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/11526/kemenkop-ukm-379-juta-umkm-sudah-go-online/0/sorotan_media
References
Abdullah, N., Hashim, N. Z. I., Abidin, I. S. Z., & Shazali, S. M. M. (2022). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: A Critical Survey. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30(4), 1857–1879. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.4.20
Amri, A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap UMKM di Indonesia. Jurnal Brand, 2(1), 123–130.
Ang, C. W., & Lai, S. L. (2023). Women’s Empowerment in Malaysia and Indonesia: The Autonomy of Women in Household Decision-Making. Pertanika: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 31(2), 903–916. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.22
Anwar, M. Z. (2013). Organisasi Perempuan dan Pembangunan Kesejahteraan. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 8(1), 133–146. http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/isoshum/sosiologireflektif/article/view/521
Aritenang, A. (2021). The Role of Social Capital on Rural Enterprises Economic Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211044178
Arnani, M. (2021). Angka Kemiskinan Indonesia Naik, Ini Data Per Provinsi. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/02/18/110300865/angka-kemiskinan-indonesia-naik-ini-data-per-provinsi?page=all
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021a). Berita Resmi Statistik: Profil Kemiskinan Provinsi Bengkulu September 2020 (Issue 15/2/17/XV).
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021b). September 2020, penduduk miskin Provinsi Bengkulu mencapai 305.997 orang. https://bengkulu.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2021/02/15/581/september-2020--penduduk-miskin-provinsi-bengkulu-mencapai-305-997-orang.html
Budiawati, A. D. (2016). Intip 4 Faktor Sukses Wanita Pengusaha. Dream.Co.Id. https://www.dream.co.id/dinar/intip-4-faktor-sukses-wanita-pengusaha-161107f.html
Daulay, R. (2012). Strategi Jaringan Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat. Ekonomikawan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 11(12), 1–12. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/ekawan/article/view/94
Erbi. (2023). Pemerintah Dorong Perempuan Pelaku UMKM Kembangkan Bisnis. Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/47720/pemerintah-dorong-perempuan-pelaku-umkm-kembangkan-bisnis/0/berita
Hanoatubun, S. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 146–153. http://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/423
Jarpukngudilestari. (2012). JARPUK Ngudi Lestari akan Mewujudkan Kemandirian dan Kesejahteraan PUK. https://jarpukngudilestari.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/jarpuk-ngudi-lestari-akan-mewujudkan-kemandirian-dan-kesejahteraan-puk/
Jirawuttinunt, S., & Wongsahai, E. (2021). The effects of social capital orientation on innovation performance of SME sector in Thailand. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 21(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2021.11
Junaidi, J., Suandi, S., & Perdana, S. M. (2022). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Socio-Economic Conditions for Households in Jambi City, Indonesia. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 22(2), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2022.42
Kim, S. (2023). Antecedents of Compliance Intention and Its Impact on Waste Separation Behavior: Based on Rational Choice Theory and Deterrence Theory. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050424
Krstic, M. (2022). Rational Choice Theory – Alternatives and Criticisms. Socijalna Ekologija, 31(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.17234/SocEkol.31.1.1
Madzorera, I., & Fawzi, W. (2020). Women empowerment is central to addressing the double burden of malnutrition. EClinicalMedicine, 20, 100286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100286
Maryani, D., & Nainggolan, R. R. E. (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (1st ed.). Deepublish. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=67nHDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=pengertian+pemberdayaan+&ots=myqc9jw60f&sig=xVSz2lFVLtGLmCzO7bwgluSKXts&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=pengertian pemberdayaan&f=false
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Method Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=p0wXBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false
Mishra, M. K. (2020). The World after Covid-19 and its impact on Global Economy. Dentons, December 2019, 1–12.
Mohamad, M. A., & Chin, O. (2019). Business networking and sustainability of small rural business: Mediating effects of entrepreneurial orientation. Management Science Letters, 9, 595–606. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.1.003
Morgan, A. K., Awafo, B. A., & Quartey, T. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on global economic output and sustainability: evidence from around the world and lessons for redress. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 17(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1860345
Newbery, R., Gorton, M., Phillipson, J., & Atterton, J. (2016). Sustaining business networks: Understanding the benefit bundles sought by members of local business associations. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(7), 1267–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15608850
Pattenden, J. (2023). The patriarchy of accumulation: homework, fieldwork and the production-reproduction nexus in rural Indonesia. Canadian Journal of Development/Studies Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement, 44(2), 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2054784
Prastiwi, M. I. (2017). Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Jarpuk (Jaringan Perempuan Usaha Kecil) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Produktif di Madura. Proceeding International Conference On Ethnicity and Globalization, 113–121. http://sosiologi.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/Proceeding-ICEGO.pdf#page=118
Putri, K. A. Q., & Farha, A. (2022). Patriarki di Indonesia: Budaya yang Tak Kunjung Lekang. HIMIESPA (Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Ekonomi UGM). https://himiespa.feb.ugm.ac.id/patriarki-di-indonesia-budaya-yang-tak-kunjung-lekang/
Rahmadhani, S. (2016). Wirausaha Perempuan Lebih Sukses? Ini Faktor-faktornya Menurut Braman Setyo. GOumkm.Id. https://goukm.id/wirausaha-perempuan-lebih-sukses-ini-faktornya/
Ritzer, G. (2012). Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi Klasik Sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern (Kedelapan). Pustaka Pelajar.
Sadan, E. (1997). Empowerment and Community Planning: Theory and Practice of People-Focused Social Solutions. Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishers. https://pdf4pro.com/amp/view/empowerment-and-community-planning-elisheva-13f77f.html
Saptono, A. (2013). Evaluasi Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan (Studi Kasus Pemberdayaan Ekonomi pada PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan di Kelurahan Perwira Kecamatan Bekasi Utara Kota Bekasi Jawa Barat. Econosains, XI(2), 29–54.
Selmani-Bakiu, A. (2022). Empowering Women in the Family: Sui Generis Role of Women in Establishing a Family and in Parental Responsibility. Balkan Social Science Review, 19, 69–88. https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219069s
Sultana, B., Zaaba, Z. B., & Umemoto, K. (2010). Women’s Empowerment Through the Development of Micro Entrepreneurship in Rural Bangladesh. The Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2010.1.9
Supraptiningsih, U., Jubba, H., Hariyanto, E., & Rahmawati, T. (2023). Inequality as a cultural construction: Women ’ s access to land rights in Madurese society. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2194733
Suyono, H. (2020a). Gagasan “Tabungan Takesra” dan “Kredit Kukesra” dilanjutkan Posdaya. Gerakan Masyarakat Mandiri. https://gemari.id/gemari/2020/1/20/a4xy9qvwug0jzo4eumlw38cl38i7n7
Suyono, H. (2020b). Gerakan Takesra Kukesra untuk Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Gerakan Masyarakat Mandiri. https://gemari.id/gemari/2020/1/16/gerakan-takesra-kukesra-untuk-entaskan-kemiskinan
Tjiptaningsih, W. (2017). Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Kasus Pada Kelompok Usaha Perempuan di Desa Sindangkempeng Kecamatan Greged Kabupaten Cirebon). Reformasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi, 1(2), 28–35. http://jurnal.ugj.ac.id/index.php/REFORMASI/article/view/1451
Veronika. (2022). Alasan Wanita Harus Bisa Cari Uang Sendiri. Gramedia Blog. https://www.gramedia.com/best-seller/wanita-harus-bisa-cari-uang-sendiri/
Wijaya, H. H. (2019). Analisis Data Kualitatif: Sebuah Tinjauan Teori dan Praktik (1st ed.). Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Analisis_Data_Kualitatif_Sebuah_Tinjauan/lf7ADwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tahapan+analisis+data+penelitian+kualitatif&printsec=frontcover
Yuliani, A. (2017). Kemenkop UKM: 3,79 Juta UMKM Sudah Go Online. Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/11526/kemenkop-ukm-379-juta-umkm-sudah-go-online/0/sorotan_media
Amri, A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap UMKM di Indonesia. Jurnal Brand, 2(1), 123–130.
Ang, C. W., & Lai, S. L. (2023). Women’s Empowerment in Malaysia and Indonesia: The Autonomy of Women in Household Decision-Making. Pertanika: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 31(2), 903–916. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.22
Anwar, M. Z. (2013). Organisasi Perempuan dan Pembangunan Kesejahteraan. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 8(1), 133–146. http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/isoshum/sosiologireflektif/article/view/521
Aritenang, A. (2021). The Role of Social Capital on Rural Enterprises Economic Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211044178
Arnani, M. (2021). Angka Kemiskinan Indonesia Naik, Ini Data Per Provinsi. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/02/18/110300865/angka-kemiskinan-indonesia-naik-ini-data-per-provinsi?page=all
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021a). Berita Resmi Statistik: Profil Kemiskinan Provinsi Bengkulu September 2020 (Issue 15/2/17/XV).
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2021b). September 2020, penduduk miskin Provinsi Bengkulu mencapai 305.997 orang. https://bengkulu.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2021/02/15/581/september-2020--penduduk-miskin-provinsi-bengkulu-mencapai-305-997-orang.html
Budiawati, A. D. (2016). Intip 4 Faktor Sukses Wanita Pengusaha. Dream.Co.Id. https://www.dream.co.id/dinar/intip-4-faktor-sukses-wanita-pengusaha-161107f.html
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