Main Article Content
Abstract
The ogoh-ogoh tradition is a cultural practice of the Balinese Hindu community that not only functions as a religious ritual, but also has a relationship with social and environmental dynamics. This study aims to analyze the ogoh-ogoh tradition in relation to the ecological awareness of the Balinese Hindu community in Sidowaluyo Village through the perspective of Julian H. Steward's cultural ecology. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate a transformation in the ogoh-ogoh practice, especially in the use of more environmentally friendly materials and the development of ecological behavior in the community, such as waste management offerings, mutual cooperation in environmental cleanliness, and tree planting activities. The discussion shows that these practices are in line with the values of Tri Hita Karana, especially the palemahan aspect, which emphasizes the harmony of human relations with nature. Thus, the ogoh-ogoh tradition can be understood as a form of cultural adaptation that plays a role in the internalization of ecological awareness in the community.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Copyright noticeof the Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara (JSN) is as follows :
The author who submits the manuscript must understand and agree that the copyrights published are held by Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara. Copyright includes rights to reproduce, distribute and sell every part of journal articles in all forms and media. This is for download the copyright transfer form for signed by the corresponding author. All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows:
• Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Then, you are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
References
- Amir, F., Miru , A.S., & Sabara , E. (2025). Urban Household Behavior in Indonesia: Drivers of Zero Waste Participation.
- Anggasta , G., & Widiastuti , W. (2022). Ethics Preservation Environment Which done by the Community Lovers Environment In Bali. Synectics : Journal Architecture , 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.23917/sinektika.v19i1.16679
- Anggawiguna , PGV, & Destiwati , R. (2023). Inner Group Communication Implementation of the Tri Hita Karana ( Pawongan ) Concept in Associations Village Gong Group Tour Penglipuran Bangli Bali. Journal of Science Social and Humanities , 8(2), 145‑160. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v8i2.22685
- Anggreni , NLEY (2023) Communication of Parade Rituals Ogoh-Ogoh as an Implementation In Tri Hita Karana. Widya Sandhi Journal of Social, Religious and Cultural Studies , 14(1). https://doi.org/10.53977/ws.v14i1.671
- Ardika , IW (2015). Heritage Balinese Culture : Values, Traditions , and Preservation . Denpasar: Udayana University Press
- BK Gumarang Jr. & RC Mallannao , “ Colaizzi's Methods in Descriptive Phenomenology,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2(10) (2021)
- Baedhowi , B. (2007). Searching for the Ideal Format of Theo- Ecology from Connection Between Religion and Science . Millah , 6(2) . https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol6.iss2.art6
- Bali Island. (2025, June 21). Definition, Meaning, Creation, and Performance of Bali's Ogoh-Ogoh . Retrieved October 23 , 2025, from https://www.bali-island.com/culture/definition-meaning-creation-and-performance-of-balis-ogoh-ogoh
- Bali.com. (2025). Melasti Ceremony in Bali – Purification and Preparation for Nyepi . Retrieved October 23 , 2025, from https://bali.com/bali/travel-guide/culture/melasti-ceremony
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development . In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (Vol. 3, 2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science. https://www.ncj.nl/wp-content/uploads/media-import/docs/6a45c1a4-82ad-4f69-957e 1c76966678e2.pdf
- Darmawan , D., & Fadjarajani , S. (2016). Connection between knowledge And attitude environmental preservation with behavior traveler in guard environmental cleanliness . Journal of Geography , 4 (1).
- Denpasar City Government. (nd). From Training Denpasar's Young Men and Women , Environmentally Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh Keep it up Tradition Wrestling in Bali. Retrieved from https://www.denpasarkota.go.id/berita/dari-pelatihan-teruna-teruni-denpasar-ogoh-ogoh-ramah-lingkungan-pertahankan-tradisi-ngulat-di-bali
- Goddess , S. M., & Amalijah , E. (2019). Comparison Aomori Nebuta Festival With Celebration Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali. Mezurashii , 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.30996/mezurashii.v1i1.3228
- Dhiya'ulhaq , M. A. (2020). Waste Plastic : Externalities Negative from Activity Consumption . Suara.Com .
- Diantika , P., & Utami , NNDT (2022). Lontar Kuttara Kanda Dewa Purana Bangsul (Study Education Environment). Dharma Literature: Journal Study Language And Regional Literature , 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.25078/ds.v2i2.1875
- Diatmika , I. D. G. N. (2019). Ogoh-Ogoh And Day Raya Nyepi . Journal Hindu Religious Education Literature , 2 ( 2). https://doi.org/10.36663/wspah.v2i2.19
- Department of Culture Regency Buleleng . (2025, March 19). Meaning Ogoh-Ogoh on Nyepi Day and the History of its Traditions . : https://disbud.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/artikel/88_makna-ogoh-ogoh-pada-hari-raya-nyepi-dan-sejarah-tradisinya
- Department of Culture Bali Province . (2025). Tri Hita Karana - Wisdom Local . Ceraken Balinese Culture . https://ceraken.baliprov.go.id/detail/tri-hita-karana-1675605680
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.36733/jeco.v1i1.1763
- Ganika , MA A., & Suardana , IW (2019). Ogoh-Ogoh and its Implementation in Creativity Work Art Appearance Three Dimensions . Journal Mudra Art Culture , 34 (1). https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v34i1.632
- Hadiningrat , G. (2020). Women's Role in Food Waste Management in Indonesia. Atlantis Press Proceedings. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125947561.pdf
- Harsana , I Ketut Gede (2018). Revitalizing the identity of Balinese social through Ogoh-Ogoh art . International Journal of Current Research , 10(07), 71714–71718. https://www.journalcra.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/30966.pdf
- Hidayat , TR, Indrawati , I., & Herlina , T. (2020). Isolation and Identification Bacteria Degradation Styrofoam origin Land Place Disposal End Sarimukti Bandung. Quagga: Journal of Education and Biology , 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v12i2.2353
- https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v17i2.319
- Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
- I Made Sumada (2018). Wisdom local and environmental conservation in Balinese culture . Indonesian Journal of Anthropology , 39(1), 55–68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34010/jipsi.v7i1.337
- Ida Ayu Putri Genta Widyasari (2025). Theo- Ecology : Materials Alternative Making Eco- Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh For Guard Sustainability Balinese Culture . Journal Outlook Arts and Culture , 3(1), 45–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2405
- Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR). (2025, February 11). Solutions to Bali's Waste Crisis: Reducing Waste at the Source and Developing Waste Management Infrastructure . :
- Julian H. Steward, Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution (Urbana: University of Illinois Press , 1955).
- Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. (2025, March 28). Getting to Know Ogoh-Ogoh : Let's Take a Look Meaning and Origin The suggestion is . https://papuabarat.kemenag.go.id/public/kanwil/mengenal-ogoh-ogoh-yuk-simak-makna-dan-asal-usulnya
- Ketut Ariawan , I Ketut Sudita , & I Gusti Nyoman Widnyana . (2020). Production art craft Ogoh-ogoh at the GASES Studio in Denpasar. Undiksha Fine Arts Education Journal , 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpsp.v4i1.4297
- Kholis , N., & Karimah , R. (2017). Action Culture Theo- Ecology Through Integration Environmental Education Curriculum . Al-Tahrir: Journal of Islamic Thought , 17 (2). https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v17i2.958
- Kim, H.-K. et al., “ Husserlian phenomenology in Korean nursing research: analysis, problems, and suggestions ,” Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions , 17 (2020).
- Kompas.com. (2025, September 10). Bali Floods of September 10, 2025, Causes Up to 6 people were swept away . Accessed December 26, 2025, from https://www.kompas.com
- Mr. Ipung Zainul Islam Sumarwoto , " Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh in Series Nyepi as a Form of Existence Hindus at Pura Agung Dewi Savitri Temple in Sawur Hamlet Village Bulusari, Tarokan District Kediri Regency ”, Thesis, Nusantara PGRI University Kediri, 2024.
- M. Thoriqul Huda, “ Harmony Religious in Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh : Study " The Case of the Great Satya Dharma Temple in Sekaran Village , Kediri", Empirisma : Journal of Islamic Thought and Culture Vol 33, No 1 (2024)
- Maharani, FK (2024). Construction social public multi-religious to tradition OgohOgoh in Balun Village , Turi District Regency Lamongan . Journal of Anthropology Culture , 12(1), 88–104.
- Mahdinatin Muamalah , " Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh For Realize Harmony Between Hindus and Muslims”, (Journal of education research Kediri 2023.)
- Michael J. Gill, Phenomenology as Qualitative Methodology, in Qualitative Analysis: Eight Approaches*, ed. N. Mik -Meyer & M. Järvinen (London: Sage, 2020).
- Milda Puspitasari , “ Transformation Function Ogoh-Ogoh as a Social Education Media ,” Journal Culture and Traditions of the Archipelago, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2023): 114–128.
- Moleong , LJ (2019). Methodology Study Qualitative ( Edition Revision ). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya .
- Muamalah , M., P, RRB, N, RM, & Sutomo , AM (2023). Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh For Realize Harmony Between People Hindu and Islam. Journal of Educational Research , 4 (1), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i1.120
- Muamalah , M., Pratiwi , RRB, Nabila, RM, & Putri, AMS (2023). Tradition Ogoh - Ogoh For Realize Harmony Interfaith Hinduism and Islam. Journal of Educational Research , 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i1.120
- Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih (2024). Waste Management Policy in Bali Province, Indonesia. Journal of Local Social Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2677
- Ni Putu Maharani Wulandari (2025). Ogoh-Ogoh Attraction of Nyepi Ritual in Bali: Symbol Bhuta Kala and Social Message. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2390
- Niman , EM (2019). Wisdom Local And Effort Preservation Environment Nature . Journal of Education and Culture Mission , 11 (1).
- Prabandari , IS, & Sonder, IW (2021). Impact Parade Ogoh-Ogoh To Social Community Culture In Village Customs Kuta. Cultural Tourism : Scientific Journal Religion And Culture , 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.25078/pba.v6i1.1931
- Primayanti , NW (2022). Local Wisdom Narrative in Environmental Campaigns . Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2090063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2090062
- Putra, IN (2017). Ritual and Aesthetics Ogoh-Ogoh in Perspective Balinese Culture . Denpasar: Larasan Library .
- Rahmadani , A., & Prasetyo , KB (2024). The evolution of Ogoh-Ogoh performances in fostering religious tolerance. KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture , 32(1), 194–227. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v32i1.12419
- RGSA. (2024). Regulation Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh and Its Impact to Awareness Balinese Community Ecology . Journal Green Society Awareness Research , 6(2), 87–102.
- SLOAP. (2018). Ogoh-Ogoh Symbolism and Social Communication toward Hindu Contemporary Society. International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences , 5(2), 95–104. https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/31
- Suardana , IW, & Astika , IG (2024). Implementation of Tri Hita Karana in Preservation Environment in Bali. Journal Ecology and Culture , 8(1), 11–22.
- Sugiyono . (2020). Method Study Qualitative , Quantitative , and R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta .
- Sujarwo , W. (2019). Patterns of plant use in religious offerings in Bali (Indonesia). Acta Botanica Brasilica , 33(4), 854–866. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0299
- Suryani , Kadek . (2024). Mecaru Ritual as Effort Harmonization Cosmic : Overview Hindu Ecotheology . Śruti : Journal of Hinduism , 5(1), 52–61. https://jurnal.ekadanta.org/index.php/sruti
- Suryawan , IN (2020). Awareness Ecological in Balinese Hindu Ritual: A Study about Management Banten Waste in Traditional Villages . Journal of Hindu Religion and Culture , 15(1), 44–53.
- The Phenomenology Qualitative Research Inquiry: A Review Paper , Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (2025).
- The Evolution of Phenomenology in Korean Nursing Research: A Scoping Review, Asian Nursing Research 18(1) (2024)
- Wicaksana , IW (2023). Wisdom Local and Ecological in Tradition Nyepi and Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali . Journal Ecology Culture , 5(2), 33–45.
- Widyasari , IAPG (2025). Theo- Ecology : Materials Alternative Making Environmentally Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh . WIS Journal . DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2405
- Wijaya, IMW (2021). Potential Cycle Repeat Rubbish Traditional Ceremonies on the Island of Bali . JECO ( Journal) Ecology and Environment ). 1(1), 1–8.
- Winarta , IW (2018). Tri Hita Karana as Foundation Philosophy of Sustainable Development in Bali . Journal Philosophy of Hindu Religion and Culture , 5(2), 115–129.
- Yasa , IM (2022). Innovation and Impact Environment in Making Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali . Denpasar: State Hindu Dharma Institute .
- Zuchdi , D. (2021). Research Data Analysis Qualitative : Approach Phenomenology and Hermeneutics . Yogyakarta: UNY Press.
References
Amir, F., Miru , A.S., & Sabara , E. (2025). Urban Household Behavior in Indonesia: Drivers of Zero Waste Participation.
Anggasta , G., & Widiastuti , W. (2022). Ethics Preservation Environment Which done by the Community Lovers Environment In Bali. Synectics : Journal Architecture , 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.23917/sinektika.v19i1.16679
Anggawiguna , PGV, & Destiwati , R. (2023). Inner Group Communication Implementation of the Tri Hita Karana ( Pawongan ) Concept in Associations Village Gong Group Tour Penglipuran Bangli Bali. Journal of Science Social and Humanities , 8(2), 145‑160. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v8i2.22685
Anggreni , NLEY (2023) Communication of Parade Rituals Ogoh-Ogoh as an Implementation In Tri Hita Karana. Widya Sandhi Journal of Social, Religious and Cultural Studies , 14(1). https://doi.org/10.53977/ws.v14i1.671
Ardika , IW (2015). Heritage Balinese Culture : Values, Traditions , and Preservation . Denpasar: Udayana University Press
BK Gumarang Jr. & RC Mallannao , “ Colaizzi's Methods in Descriptive Phenomenology,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2(10) (2021)
Baedhowi , B. (2007). Searching for the Ideal Format of Theo- Ecology from Connection Between Religion and Science . Millah , 6(2) . https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol6.iss2.art6
Bali Island. (2025, June 21). Definition, Meaning, Creation, and Performance of Bali's Ogoh-Ogoh . Retrieved October 23 , 2025, from https://www.bali-island.com/culture/definition-meaning-creation-and-performance-of-balis-ogoh-ogoh
Bali.com. (2025). Melasti Ceremony in Bali – Purification and Preparation for Nyepi . Retrieved October 23 , 2025, from https://bali.com/bali/travel-guide/culture/melasti-ceremony
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development . In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (Vol. 3, 2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science. https://www.ncj.nl/wp-content/uploads/media-import/docs/6a45c1a4-82ad-4f69-957e 1c76966678e2.pdf
Darmawan , D., & Fadjarajani , S. (2016). Connection between knowledge And attitude environmental preservation with behavior traveler in guard environmental cleanliness . Journal of Geography , 4 (1).
Denpasar City Government. (nd). From Training Denpasar's Young Men and Women , Environmentally Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh Keep it up Tradition Wrestling in Bali. Retrieved from https://www.denpasarkota.go.id/berita/dari-pelatihan-teruna-teruni-denpasar-ogoh-ogoh-ramah-lingkungan-pertahankan-tradisi-ngulat-di-bali
Goddess , S. M., & Amalijah , E. (2019). Comparison Aomori Nebuta Festival With Celebration Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali. Mezurashii , 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.30996/mezurashii.v1i1.3228
Dhiya'ulhaq , M. A. (2020). Waste Plastic : Externalities Negative from Activity Consumption . Suara.Com .
Diantika , P., & Utami , NNDT (2022). Lontar Kuttara Kanda Dewa Purana Bangsul (Study Education Environment). Dharma Literature: Journal Study Language And Regional Literature , 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.25078/ds.v2i2.1875
Diatmika , I. D. G. N. (2019). Ogoh-Ogoh And Day Raya Nyepi . Journal Hindu Religious Education Literature , 2 ( 2). https://doi.org/10.36663/wspah.v2i2.19
Department of Culture Regency Buleleng . (2025, March 19). Meaning Ogoh-Ogoh on Nyepi Day and the History of its Traditions . : https://disbud.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/artikel/88_makna-ogoh-ogoh-pada-hari-raya-nyepi-dan-sejarah-tradisinya
Department of Culture Bali Province . (2025). Tri Hita Karana - Wisdom Local . Ceraken Balinese Culture . https://ceraken.baliprov.go.id/detail/tri-hita-karana-1675605680
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36733/jeco.v1i1.1763
Ganika , MA A., & Suardana , IW (2019). Ogoh-Ogoh and its Implementation in Creativity Work Art Appearance Three Dimensions . Journal Mudra Art Culture , 34 (1). https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v34i1.632
Hadiningrat , G. (2020). Women's Role in Food Waste Management in Indonesia. Atlantis Press Proceedings. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125947561.pdf
Harsana , I Ketut Gede (2018). Revitalizing the identity of Balinese social through Ogoh-Ogoh art . International Journal of Current Research , 10(07), 71714–71718. https://www.journalcra.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/30966.pdf
Hidayat , TR, Indrawati , I., & Herlina , T. (2020). Isolation and Identification Bacteria Degradation Styrofoam origin Land Place Disposal End Sarimukti Bandung. Quagga: Journal of Education and Biology , 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v12i2.2353
https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v17i2.319
Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
I Made Sumada (2018). Wisdom local and environmental conservation in Balinese culture . Indonesian Journal of Anthropology , 39(1), 55–68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34010/jipsi.v7i1.337
Ida Ayu Putri Genta Widyasari (2025). Theo- Ecology : Materials Alternative Making Eco- Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh For Guard Sustainability Balinese Culture . Journal Outlook Arts and Culture , 3(1), 45–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2405
Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR). (2025, February 11). Solutions to Bali's Waste Crisis: Reducing Waste at the Source and Developing Waste Management Infrastructure . :
Julian H. Steward, Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution (Urbana: University of Illinois Press , 1955).
Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. (2025, March 28). Getting to Know Ogoh-Ogoh : Let's Take a Look Meaning and Origin The suggestion is . https://papuabarat.kemenag.go.id/public/kanwil/mengenal-ogoh-ogoh-yuk-simak-makna-dan-asal-usulnya
Ketut Ariawan , I Ketut Sudita , & I Gusti Nyoman Widnyana . (2020). Production art craft Ogoh-ogoh at the GASES Studio in Denpasar. Undiksha Fine Arts Education Journal , 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpsp.v4i1.4297
Kholis , N., & Karimah , R. (2017). Action Culture Theo- Ecology Through Integration Environmental Education Curriculum . Al-Tahrir: Journal of Islamic Thought , 17 (2). https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v17i2.958
Kim, H.-K. et al., “ Husserlian phenomenology in Korean nursing research: analysis, problems, and suggestions ,” Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions , 17 (2020).
Kompas.com. (2025, September 10). Bali Floods of September 10, 2025, Causes Up to 6 people were swept away . Accessed December 26, 2025, from https://www.kompas.com
Mr. Ipung Zainul Islam Sumarwoto , " Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh in Series Nyepi as a Form of Existence Hindus at Pura Agung Dewi Savitri Temple in Sawur Hamlet Village Bulusari, Tarokan District Kediri Regency ”, Thesis, Nusantara PGRI University Kediri, 2024.
M. Thoriqul Huda, “ Harmony Religious in Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh : Study " The Case of the Great Satya Dharma Temple in Sekaran Village , Kediri", Empirisma : Journal of Islamic Thought and Culture Vol 33, No 1 (2024)
Maharani, FK (2024). Construction social public multi-religious to tradition OgohOgoh in Balun Village , Turi District Regency Lamongan . Journal of Anthropology Culture , 12(1), 88–104.
Mahdinatin Muamalah , " Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh For Realize Harmony Between Hindus and Muslims”, (Journal of education research Kediri 2023.)
Michael J. Gill, Phenomenology as Qualitative Methodology, in Qualitative Analysis: Eight Approaches*, ed. N. Mik -Meyer & M. Järvinen (London: Sage, 2020).
Milda Puspitasari , “ Transformation Function Ogoh-Ogoh as a Social Education Media ,” Journal Culture and Traditions of the Archipelago, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2023): 114–128.
Moleong , LJ (2019). Methodology Study Qualitative ( Edition Revision ). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya .
Muamalah , M., P, RRB, N, RM, & Sutomo , AM (2023). Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh For Realize Harmony Between People Hindu and Islam. Journal of Educational Research , 4 (1), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i1.120
Muamalah , M., Pratiwi , RRB, Nabila, RM, & Putri, AMS (2023). Tradition Ogoh - Ogoh For Realize Harmony Interfaith Hinduism and Islam. Journal of Educational Research , 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i1.120
Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih (2024). Waste Management Policy in Bali Province, Indonesia. Journal of Local Social Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2677
Ni Putu Maharani Wulandari (2025). Ogoh-Ogoh Attraction of Nyepi Ritual in Bali: Symbol Bhuta Kala and Social Message. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2390
Niman , EM (2019). Wisdom Local And Effort Preservation Environment Nature . Journal of Education and Culture Mission , 11 (1).
Prabandari , IS, & Sonder, IW (2021). Impact Parade Ogoh-Ogoh To Social Community Culture In Village Customs Kuta. Cultural Tourism : Scientific Journal Religion And Culture , 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.25078/pba.v6i1.1931
Primayanti , NW (2022). Local Wisdom Narrative in Environmental Campaigns . Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2090063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2090062
Putra, IN (2017). Ritual and Aesthetics Ogoh-Ogoh in Perspective Balinese Culture . Denpasar: Larasan Library .
Rahmadani , A., & Prasetyo , KB (2024). The evolution of Ogoh-Ogoh performances in fostering religious tolerance. KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture , 32(1), 194–227. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v32i1.12419
RGSA. (2024). Regulation Tradition Ogoh-Ogoh and Its Impact to Awareness Balinese Community Ecology . Journal Green Society Awareness Research , 6(2), 87–102.
SLOAP. (2018). Ogoh-Ogoh Symbolism and Social Communication toward Hindu Contemporary Society. International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences , 5(2), 95–104. https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/31
Suardana , IW, & Astika , IG (2024). Implementation of Tri Hita Karana in Preservation Environment in Bali. Journal Ecology and Culture , 8(1), 11–22.
Sugiyono . (2020). Method Study Qualitative , Quantitative , and R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta .
Sujarwo , W. (2019). Patterns of plant use in religious offerings in Bali (Indonesia). Acta Botanica Brasilica , 33(4), 854–866. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0299
Suryani , Kadek . (2024). Mecaru Ritual as Effort Harmonization Cosmic : Overview Hindu Ecotheology . Śruti : Journal of Hinduism , 5(1), 52–61. https://jurnal.ekadanta.org/index.php/sruti
Suryawan , IN (2020). Awareness Ecological in Balinese Hindu Ritual: A Study about Management Banten Waste in Traditional Villages . Journal of Hindu Religion and Culture , 15(1), 44–53.
The Phenomenology Qualitative Research Inquiry: A Review Paper , Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (2025).
The Evolution of Phenomenology in Korean Nursing Research: A Scoping Review, Asian Nursing Research 18(1) (2024)
Wicaksana , IW (2023). Wisdom Local and Ecological in Tradition Nyepi and Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali . Journal Ecology Culture , 5(2), 33–45.
Widyasari , IAPG (2025). Theo- Ecology : Materials Alternative Making Environmentally Friendly Ogoh-Ogoh . WIS Journal . DOI: https://doi.org/10.53977/jws.v3i1.2405
Wijaya, IMW (2021). Potential Cycle Repeat Rubbish Traditional Ceremonies on the Island of Bali . JECO ( Journal) Ecology and Environment ). 1(1), 1–8.
Winarta , IW (2018). Tri Hita Karana as Foundation Philosophy of Sustainable Development in Bali . Journal Philosophy of Hindu Religion and Culture , 5(2), 115–129.
Yasa , IM (2022). Innovation and Impact Environment in Making Ogoh-Ogoh in Bali . Denpasar: State Hindu Dharma Institute .
Zuchdi , D. (2021). Research Data Analysis Qualitative : Approach Phenomenology and Hermeneutics . Yogyakarta: UNY Press.
