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Abstract
Although there have been abundant literatures that discuss about students’ difficulties in academic writing, very few of them investigate the problems faced by novice writers. The present study aimed at investigating the difficulties experienced by the writers who did not have any prior academic trainings to write an English academic text. To this end, a total of 70 third-semester students from English department were assigned an open-ended questionnaire asking them to write any difficulties or problems they encountered while being asked to write an argumentative essay. Drawing on qualitative approach using thematic analysis, the findings show that the novice writers experienced 9 types of difficulties that were related to vocabulary, tenses, idea, sentence, topic, feeling of insecurity, grammar, time, and concept. Among those difficulties, vocabulary related one was found as the major problem that the novice writer experienced. The results suggested that academic writing is challenging for the inexperienced writers and having sufficient vocabulary size can be the prerequisite before taking academic writing course.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Eko Saputra, Dwi Saputra, Muhammad Fadhli
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References
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Al Badi, I. A. H. (2015). ACADEMIC WRITING DIFFICULTIES OF ESL LEARNERS. The 2015 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, 65–78.
Alameddine, M. M., & Mirza, H. S. (2016). Teaching Academic Writing for Advanced Level Grade 10 English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.048
Alharbi, N. S. M. (2017). An investigation into the academic writing: Difficulties of Saudi Postgraduate Students.
Altikriti, S. (2022). Challenges facing Jordanian undergraduates in writing graduation research paper. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.166
Ankawi, A. (2020). The Academic Writing Challenges Faced by Saudi Students Studying at a University in New Zealand. International Journal of English Language Education, 8(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i2.17342
Ariyanti, A., & Fitriana, R. (2017). EFL Students’ Difficulties and Needs in Essay Writing. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 111–121.
Bian, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Chinese EFL undergraduates’ academic writing: Rhetorical difficulties and suggestions. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2645
Bulqiyah, S., Mahbub, Moh. A., & Nugraheni, D. A. (2021). Investigating writing difficulties in essay writing: Tertiary students’ perspectives. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v4i1.2371
Ceylan, N. O. (2019). Student perceptions of difficulties in second language writing. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.547683
Cloutier, C. (2016). How I Write: An Inquiry Into the Writing Practices of Academics. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615585875
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mix Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
de Smedt, F., Merchie, E., Barendse, M., Rosseel, Y., de Naeghel, J., & Keer, H. van. (2018). Cognitive and Motivational Challenges in Writing: Studying the Relation With Writing Performance Across Students’ Gender and Achievement Level. Source: Reading Research Quarterly, 53(2), 249–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq
Derakhshan, A., & Shirejini, K. R. (2020). An Investigation of the Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions Towards the Most Common Writing Problems. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919523
El-Freihat, S. M. (2021). Challenges facing students in writing theses at the Jordanian universities. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(6), 3266–3277. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i6.6321
Floranti, A. D., & Andiantika, H. N. (2019). Grammatical Error Performances in Indonesia EFL Learners’ Writing. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 277–295.
Ginting, S. A. (2019). Lexical Formation Error in the Descriptive Writing of Indonesian Tertiary EFL Learners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 2(1), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2019.2.1.11
Guest, G., Macqueen M., K., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. . SAGE.
Husna, A., & Multazim, A. (2019). LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT INCLUSION CLASSES. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 9(1), 56–76. http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php
Ismayanti, E., & Kholiq, A. (2020). AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. E-Link Journal, 7(1).
Jasim Al-Shujairi, Y. B., & Tan, H. (2017). Grammar Errors in the Writing of Iraqi English Language Learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.4p.122
Jiang, S., Lee, K.-F., & Ang, C.-S. (2022). Chinese ESL Students’ Perceptions of Academic Writing in English in Malaysian Universities. PASAA, 63, 93–122.
Khemanuwong, T., Muangnakin, P., Phairot, E., & Kho, S. H. (2020). Difficulties in Writing English Language Research Paper: The Experience of Thai NNES Postgraduate Students. In Proceedings of the Panyapiwat International Conference on Social Science and Management , 62–78.
Kuyyogsuy, S. (2019). Promoting Peer Feedback in Developing Students’ English Writing Ability in L2 Writing Class. International Education Studies, 12(9), 76. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n9p76
MacIntyre, R. (2019). The Use of Personal Pronouns in the Writing of Argumentative Essays by EFL Writers. RELC Journal, 50(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730139
Nugraheni, D. A., & Basya, D. (2018). EXPLORING EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING DIFFICULTIES: FROM DIMENSIONS TO ERRORS. SNasPPM, 51–59.
Ozfidan, B., & Mitchell, C. (2020). Detected difficulties in argumentative writing: The case of culturally and linguistically saudi backgrounded students. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/382
Parisotto, A. L. V., Germani, M. M., Trevizan, Z., de Oliveira, A. R., & França, A. L. (2019). DIFFICULTIES WITH THE ACADEMIC WRITING: What do the students from the first year of the pedagogy course reveal. In M. Carmo (Ed.), Education applications & developments IV Advances in Education and Educational Trends (IV, pp. 1–288). inScience Press.
Peloghitis, J. (2016). Difficulties and Strategies in Argumentative Writing: A Qualitative Analysis. Transformation in Language Education, 399–406.
Phakiti, A., & Li, L. (2011). General academic difficulties and reading and writing difficulties among Asian ESL postgraduate students in TESOL at an Australian University. RELC Journal, 42(3), 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688211421417
Pineteh, E. A. (2013). The Academic Writing Challenges of Undergraduate Students: A South African Case Study. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p12
Rahmatunisa, W. (2014). Problems faced by EFL learners in writing argumentative essay. English Review: Journal of English Education, 3(1), 41–49. http://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE
Rofiqoh, Basthomi, Y., Widiati, U., Puspitasari, Y., Marhaban, S., & Sulistyo, T. (2022). Aspects of Writing Knowledge and EFL Students’ Writing Quality. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.20433
Shahsavar, Z., & Kourepaz, H. (2020). Postgraduate students’ difficulties in writing their theses literature review. Cogent Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1784620
Singh, M. K. M. (2019). Academic reading and writing challenges among international EFL master’s students in a Malaysian university: The voice of lecturers. Journal of International Students, 9(4), 972–992. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i3.934
Tabasum Niroo, W., & Williams, M. (2022). “Native Speakers Do Not Understand Me”: A Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences from Developing Asian Countries at an American University. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i2.3215
Thomas, S. (2017). Journalogue: Voicing Student Challenges in Writing through a Classroom Blog. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/jeductechsoci.20.1.112
Uba, S. Y., & Souidi, N. M. (2020). Students’ writing difficulties in English for business classes in Dhofar University, Oman. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(3), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p86
Xiao, G., & Xin, C. (2015). English academic writing difficulties of engineering students at the tertiary level in China. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 13(3), 259–263.
References
Al Badi, I. A. H. (2015). ACADEMIC WRITING DIFFICULTIES OF ESL LEARNERS. The 2015 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, 65–78.
Alameddine, M. M., & Mirza, H. S. (2016). Teaching Academic Writing for Advanced Level Grade 10 English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.048
Alharbi, N. S. M. (2017). An investigation into the academic writing: Difficulties of Saudi Postgraduate Students.
Altikriti, S. (2022). Challenges facing Jordanian undergraduates in writing graduation research paper. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.166
Ankawi, A. (2020). The Academic Writing Challenges Faced by Saudi Students Studying at a University in New Zealand. International Journal of English Language Education, 8(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i2.17342
Ariyanti, A., & Fitriana, R. (2017). EFL Students’ Difficulties and Needs in Essay Writing. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 111–121.
Bian, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Chinese EFL undergraduates’ academic writing: Rhetorical difficulties and suggestions. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2645
Bulqiyah, S., Mahbub, Moh. A., & Nugraheni, D. A. (2021). Investigating writing difficulties in essay writing: Tertiary students’ perspectives. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v4i1.2371
Ceylan, N. O. (2019). Student perceptions of difficulties in second language writing. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.547683
Cloutier, C. (2016). How I Write: An Inquiry Into the Writing Practices of Academics. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615585875
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mix Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
de Smedt, F., Merchie, E., Barendse, M., Rosseel, Y., de Naeghel, J., & Keer, H. van. (2018). Cognitive and Motivational Challenges in Writing: Studying the Relation With Writing Performance Across Students’ Gender and Achievement Level. Source: Reading Research Quarterly, 53(2), 249–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq
Derakhshan, A., & Shirejini, K. R. (2020). An Investigation of the Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions Towards the Most Common Writing Problems. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919523
El-Freihat, S. M. (2021). Challenges facing students in writing theses at the Jordanian universities. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(6), 3266–3277. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i6.6321
Floranti, A. D., & Andiantika, H. N. (2019). Grammatical Error Performances in Indonesia EFL Learners’ Writing. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 277–295.
Ginting, S. A. (2019). Lexical Formation Error in the Descriptive Writing of Indonesian Tertiary EFL Learners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 2(1), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2019.2.1.11
Guest, G., Macqueen M., K., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. . SAGE.
Husna, A., & Multazim, A. (2019). LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT INCLUSION CLASSES. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 9(1), 56–76. http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php
Ismayanti, E., & Kholiq, A. (2020). AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. E-Link Journal, 7(1).
Jasim Al-Shujairi, Y. B., & Tan, H. (2017). Grammar Errors in the Writing of Iraqi English Language Learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.4p.122
Jiang, S., Lee, K.-F., & Ang, C.-S. (2022). Chinese ESL Students’ Perceptions of Academic Writing in English in Malaysian Universities. PASAA, 63, 93–122.
Khemanuwong, T., Muangnakin, P., Phairot, E., & Kho, S. H. (2020). Difficulties in Writing English Language Research Paper: The Experience of Thai NNES Postgraduate Students. In Proceedings of the Panyapiwat International Conference on Social Science and Management , 62–78.
Kuyyogsuy, S. (2019). Promoting Peer Feedback in Developing Students’ English Writing Ability in L2 Writing Class. International Education Studies, 12(9), 76. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n9p76
MacIntyre, R. (2019). The Use of Personal Pronouns in the Writing of Argumentative Essays by EFL Writers. RELC Journal, 50(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730139
Nugraheni, D. A., & Basya, D. (2018). EXPLORING EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING DIFFICULTIES: FROM DIMENSIONS TO ERRORS. SNasPPM, 51–59.
Ozfidan, B., & Mitchell, C. (2020). Detected difficulties in argumentative writing: The case of culturally and linguistically saudi backgrounded students. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/382
Parisotto, A. L. V., Germani, M. M., Trevizan, Z., de Oliveira, A. R., & França, A. L. (2019). DIFFICULTIES WITH THE ACADEMIC WRITING: What do the students from the first year of the pedagogy course reveal. In M. Carmo (Ed.), Education applications & developments IV Advances in Education and Educational Trends (IV, pp. 1–288). inScience Press.
Peloghitis, J. (2016). Difficulties and Strategies in Argumentative Writing: A Qualitative Analysis. Transformation in Language Education, 399–406.
Phakiti, A., & Li, L. (2011). General academic difficulties and reading and writing difficulties among Asian ESL postgraduate students in TESOL at an Australian University. RELC Journal, 42(3), 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688211421417
Pineteh, E. A. (2013). The Academic Writing Challenges of Undergraduate Students: A South African Case Study. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p12
Rahmatunisa, W. (2014). Problems faced by EFL learners in writing argumentative essay. English Review: Journal of English Education, 3(1), 41–49. http://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE
Rofiqoh, Basthomi, Y., Widiati, U., Puspitasari, Y., Marhaban, S., & Sulistyo, T. (2022). Aspects of Writing Knowledge and EFL Students’ Writing Quality. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.20433
Shahsavar, Z., & Kourepaz, H. (2020). Postgraduate students’ difficulties in writing their theses literature review. Cogent Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1784620
Singh, M. K. M. (2019). Academic reading and writing challenges among international EFL master’s students in a Malaysian university: The voice of lecturers. Journal of International Students, 9(4), 972–992. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i3.934
Tabasum Niroo, W., & Williams, M. (2022). “Native Speakers Do Not Understand Me”: A Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences from Developing Asian Countries at an American University. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i2.3215
Thomas, S. (2017). Journalogue: Voicing Student Challenges in Writing through a Classroom Blog. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/jeductechsoci.20.1.112
Uba, S. Y., & Souidi, N. M. (2020). Students’ writing difficulties in English for business classes in Dhofar University, Oman. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(3), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p86
Xiao, G., & Xin, C. (2015). English academic writing difficulties of engineering students at the tertiary level in China. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 13(3), 259–263.
Alameddine, M. M., & Mirza, H. S. (2016). Teaching Academic Writing for Advanced Level Grade 10 English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.048
Alharbi, N. S. M. (2017). An investigation into the academic writing: Difficulties of Saudi Postgraduate Students.
Altikriti, S. (2022). Challenges facing Jordanian undergraduates in writing graduation research paper. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.166
Ankawi, A. (2020). The Academic Writing Challenges Faced by Saudi Students Studying at a University in New Zealand. International Journal of English Language Education, 8(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i2.17342
Ariyanti, A., & Fitriana, R. (2017). EFL Students’ Difficulties and Needs in Essay Writing. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 111–121.
Bian, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Chinese EFL undergraduates’ academic writing: Rhetorical difficulties and suggestions. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2645
Bulqiyah, S., Mahbub, Moh. A., & Nugraheni, D. A. (2021). Investigating writing difficulties in essay writing: Tertiary students’ perspectives. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 4(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v4i1.2371
Ceylan, N. O. (2019). Student perceptions of difficulties in second language writing. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.547683
Cloutier, C. (2016). How I Write: An Inquiry Into the Writing Practices of Academics. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615585875
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mix Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
de Smedt, F., Merchie, E., Barendse, M., Rosseel, Y., de Naeghel, J., & Keer, H. van. (2018). Cognitive and Motivational Challenges in Writing: Studying the Relation With Writing Performance Across Students’ Gender and Achievement Level. Source: Reading Research Quarterly, 53(2), 249–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq
Derakhshan, A., & Shirejini, K. R. (2020). An Investigation of the Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions Towards the Most Common Writing Problems. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919523
El-Freihat, S. M. (2021). Challenges facing students in writing theses at the Jordanian universities. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(6), 3266–3277. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i6.6321
Floranti, A. D., & Andiantika, H. N. (2019). Grammatical Error Performances in Indonesia EFL Learners’ Writing. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 277–295.
Ginting, S. A. (2019). Lexical Formation Error in the Descriptive Writing of Indonesian Tertiary EFL Learners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 2(1), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2019.2.1.11
Guest, G., Macqueen M., K., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. . SAGE.
Husna, A., & Multazim, A. (2019). LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT INCLUSION CLASSES. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 9(1), 56–76. http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php
Ismayanti, E., & Kholiq, A. (2020). AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT. E-Link Journal, 7(1).
Jasim Al-Shujairi, Y. B., & Tan, H. (2017). Grammar Errors in the Writing of Iraqi English Language Learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.4p.122
Jiang, S., Lee, K.-F., & Ang, C.-S. (2022). Chinese ESL Students’ Perceptions of Academic Writing in English in Malaysian Universities. PASAA, 63, 93–122.
Khemanuwong, T., Muangnakin, P., Phairot, E., & Kho, S. H. (2020). Difficulties in Writing English Language Research Paper: The Experience of Thai NNES Postgraduate Students. In Proceedings of the Panyapiwat International Conference on Social Science and Management , 62–78.
Kuyyogsuy, S. (2019). Promoting Peer Feedback in Developing Students’ English Writing Ability in L2 Writing Class. International Education Studies, 12(9), 76. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n9p76
MacIntyre, R. (2019). The Use of Personal Pronouns in the Writing of Argumentative Essays by EFL Writers. RELC Journal, 50(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730139
Nugraheni, D. A., & Basya, D. (2018). EXPLORING EFL STUDENTS’ WRITING DIFFICULTIES: FROM DIMENSIONS TO ERRORS. SNasPPM, 51–59.
Ozfidan, B., & Mitchell, C. (2020). Detected difficulties in argumentative writing: The case of culturally and linguistically saudi backgrounded students. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/382
Parisotto, A. L. V., Germani, M. M., Trevizan, Z., de Oliveira, A. R., & França, A. L. (2019). DIFFICULTIES WITH THE ACADEMIC WRITING: What do the students from the first year of the pedagogy course reveal. In M. Carmo (Ed.), Education applications & developments IV Advances in Education and Educational Trends (IV, pp. 1–288). inScience Press.
Peloghitis, J. (2016). Difficulties and Strategies in Argumentative Writing: A Qualitative Analysis. Transformation in Language Education, 399–406.
Phakiti, A., & Li, L. (2011). General academic difficulties and reading and writing difficulties among Asian ESL postgraduate students in TESOL at an Australian University. RELC Journal, 42(3), 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688211421417
Pineteh, E. A. (2013). The Academic Writing Challenges of Undergraduate Students: A South African Case Study. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p12
Rahmatunisa, W. (2014). Problems faced by EFL learners in writing argumentative essay. English Review: Journal of English Education, 3(1), 41–49. http://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/ERJEE
Rofiqoh, Basthomi, Y., Widiati, U., Puspitasari, Y., Marhaban, S., & Sulistyo, T. (2022). Aspects of Writing Knowledge and EFL Students’ Writing Quality. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.20433
Shahsavar, Z., & Kourepaz, H. (2020). Postgraduate students’ difficulties in writing their theses literature review. Cogent Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1784620
Singh, M. K. M. (2019). Academic reading and writing challenges among international EFL master’s students in a Malaysian university: The voice of lecturers. Journal of International Students, 9(4), 972–992. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i3.934
Tabasum Niroo, W., & Williams, M. (2022). “Native Speakers Do Not Understand Me”: A Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences from Developing Asian Countries at an American University. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i2.3215
Thomas, S. (2017). Journalogue: Voicing Student Challenges in Writing through a Classroom Blog. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/jeductechsoci.20.1.112
Uba, S. Y., & Souidi, N. M. (2020). Students’ writing difficulties in English for business classes in Dhofar University, Oman. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(3), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p86
Xiao, G., & Xin, C. (2015). English academic writing difficulties of engineering students at the tertiary level in China. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 13(3), 259–263.