Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to develop a basic motor skills learning model through game activities tailored to the developmental stages of students' ages. The game model used in this research is called "Colorful Question." This game is designed to enhance locomotor skills, particularly the basic movements of jumping and hopping, which are highly beneficial for training leg muscle strength, coordination, attention focus, and cognitive abilities of students. The research follows the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this study are fourth-grade students in both boys' and girls' elementary schools, consisting of 27 participants in a small-scale pilot test and 65 participants in a large-scale pilot test. Validation results from experts show a CVI (Content Validation Index) value of 3.57 and a CVR (Content Validity Ratio) of 0.01, indicating that the developed "Colorful Question" game has high validity and is suitable for fourth-grade elementary school students, making it suitable for field testing (empirical validation).
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Copyright (c) 2023 Selvi Atesya Kesumawati, Aprizal Fikri, Noviria Sukmawati, Husni Fahritsani

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References
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- Peng, J., Li, A., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Motor expertise interacts with physical enactment to enhance action memory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(2), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1291985
- Pesce, C., & Ben-Soussan, T. D. (2016). “Cogito ergo sum” or “ambulo ergo sum”? New Perspectives in Developmental Exercise and Cognition Research. Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives, 251–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800778-5.00012-8
- Raditya, Y., & Irawati, D. A. (2015). Rancang bangun aplikasi game olahraga lari halang rintang dengan kinect. Prosiding Seminar Informatika Aplikatif Polinema 2015 (SIAP~2015), 113–117.
- Riyanto, I. A., Kristiyanto, A., & Kunta Purnama, S. (2016). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Keterampilan Motorik Berbasis Permainan Untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar Usia 9-10 Tahun. Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 6. https://doi.org/10.15294/miki.v6i1.9548
- Samodra, T. J. (2021). Pemahaman Konsep Bermain Siswa Motorik Tinggi dan Rendah dengan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Game for Understanding (TGfU). Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 8(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v8i2.31105
- Sari, Y., Pujianto, D., & Insanistyo, B. (2018). Pengaruh Metode Bermain Terhadap Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai Roll Belakang Pada Siswa Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 4 Bengkulu. Kinestetik, 2(1), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v2i1.9190
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- Suharjana, F. (2011). Pengembangan Pembelajaran Senam melalui Bermain Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 8(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v8i1.3479
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References
Anisah, D., Kamidi, A., Tuasikal, A. R. S., & Suroto, S. (2020). Permainan Kids Athletics Sebagai Stimulasi Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas V dan VI. Gelanggang Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 4(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.17977/um040v4i1p66-72
Anjarini, T. (2017). Model Permainan Tradisional “Boy-Boyan” Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Anak SD. Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar, 1 nomor 2b, 141–153.
Arif P, & Endah, S. (2020). Game Motorik : Aritmatika Step. Journal of Technology and Informatics (JoTI), 1(2), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.37802/joti.v2i1.45
Eddy, L. H., Wood, M. L., Shire, K. A., Bingham, D. D., Bonnick, E., Creaser, A., Mon-Williams, M., & Hill, L. J. B. (2019). A systematic review of randomized and case-controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of school-based motor skill interventions in 3- to 12-year-old children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 45(6), 773–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12712
Firmansyah, G. (2019). Model Pembelajaran Gerak Dasar Melompat melalui Modifikasi Permainan Tradisional Engklek pada Anak Sekolah Dasar. TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v2i2.17822
Hadi, F., Raibowo, S., & Prabowo, A. (2021). Pengaruh Permainan Bola Kasti Terhadap Kemampuan Gerak Motorik Kasar Siswa Kelas V Sd Negeri 90 Rejang Lebong. SPORT GYMNASTICS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 2(2), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.33369/gymnastics.v2i2.16774
Hidayatullah, M. R., & Hasbi, H. (2021). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Motorik Dengan Modifikasi Permainan Tradisional Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Kasar Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas Bawah). Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v7i4.2486
James, Aini, A. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kajian Dalam olahraga (Issue October).
Kamaludin, K., Ngadiman, N., Festiawan, R., Kusuma, I. J., & Febriani, A. R. (2020). Pengembangan Permainan Pecah Piring Sintren: Pemanfaatan Olahraga Tradisional pada Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak. TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 3(2), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v3i2.24447
Lê, M., Quémart, P., Potocki, A., Gimenes, M., Chesnet, D., & Lambert, E. (2023). Improving literacy development with fine motor skills training: A digital game-based intervention in fourth grade. Cognitive Development, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101363
Mahfud, I., & Fahrizqi, E. B. (2020). Pengembangan Model Latihan Keterampilan Motorik Melalui Olahraga Tradisional Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Sport Science and Education Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.33365/.v1i1.622
Martinus, M., & Kesumawati, S. A. (2020). Pelaksanaan Permainan Gerak Dasar Manipulatif Pada Anak Tunagrahita Di Sdlb C Kota Palembang. Kinestetik, 4(1), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v4i1.10574
Moeslichatoen, (2006) Metode Pengajaran Di Taman Kanak-kanak, (Malang: Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan.
Munawaroh, H. (2017). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran dengan Permainan Tradisional Engklek Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v1i2.19
Nur, Lutfi., Suherman, Adang., Subarjah, Herman dan Budiana, Dian. (2019). Physical Education Learning Motivation: A Gender Analysis. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga. Volume 4 Nomor 1
Park, S., & Lit, I. (2005). Learning to Play, Playing to Learn: The Bank Street Developmental Interaction Approach in Liliana’s Kindergarten Classroom. Bank Street College of Education. https://educate.bankstreet.edu/books/15
Peng, J., Li, A., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Motor expertise interacts with physical enactment to enhance action memory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(2), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1291985
Pesce, C., & Ben-Soussan, T. D. (2016). “Cogito ergo sum” or “ambulo ergo sum”? New Perspectives in Developmental Exercise and Cognition Research. Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives, 251–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800778-5.00012-8
Raditya, Y., & Irawati, D. A. (2015). Rancang bangun aplikasi game olahraga lari halang rintang dengan kinect. Prosiding Seminar Informatika Aplikatif Polinema 2015 (SIAP~2015), 113–117.
Riyanto, I. A., Kristiyanto, A., & Kunta Purnama, S. (2016). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Keterampilan Motorik Berbasis Permainan Untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar Usia 9-10 Tahun. Jurnal Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 6. https://doi.org/10.15294/miki.v6i1.9548
Samodra, T. J. (2021). Pemahaman Konsep Bermain Siswa Motorik Tinggi dan Rendah dengan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Game for Understanding (TGfU). Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 8(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v8i2.31105
Sari, Y., Pujianto, D., & Insanistyo, B. (2018). Pengaruh Metode Bermain Terhadap Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai Roll Belakang Pada Siswa Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 4 Bengkulu. Kinestetik, 2(1), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v2i1.9190
Scheuer, C., Herrmann, C., & Bund, A. (2019). Motor tests for primary school aged children: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(10), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1544535
Siaperas, P. (2012). Motor abilities, developmental movement disorders and the role of sensorimotor processing: problems in terminology and interdisciplinary communication. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 65(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1179/otb.2012.65.1.006
Sitepu, I. D. (2017). Indra Darma Sitepu: Pembentukan Karakter Melalui Partisipasi Dalam Olahraga. Jurnal Pedagogi Olahraga, 3(2), 99–112. file:///C:/Users/LENOVO/Downloads/8209-16657-1-SM.pdf
Sofyan, D., Fauz, R. S., Sahudi, U., Rustandi, E., Priyono, A., & Indrayogi. (2022). Alternatif Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Pendekatan Bermain. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 8(2), 438–448. https://doi.org/0.31949/jcp.v8i2.2260
Suharjana, F. (2011). Pengembangan Pembelajaran Senam melalui Bermain Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 8(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v8i1.3479
Utsman, A. F., Ni’mah, R., & Rohana, R. (2018). Peran Permainan Tradisional dalam Meningkatkan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Di RA Al Fattah Pacing Parengan Tuban. Al Ulya : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.36840/ulya.v3i2.156
Widodo, P., & Lumintuarso, R. (2017). Pengembangan model permainan tradisional untuk membangun karakter pada siswa SD kelas atas. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 5(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v5i2.7215
Yudha M. , (2001). Pembelajaran Atletik Di Sekolah Dasar, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah Direktorat Jenderal Olahraga.