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Abstract
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse syndrome that commonly causes knee pain and is common in athletics. The prevalence of ITBS in runners ranges from 5%-14%, with a higher prevalence in women (16%-50%) than in men (50%-81%). ITBS can limit Indonesia's athletic performance due to pain on the side of the knee during running, walking and jumping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiotherapy management for ITBS cases in Indonesian para-athletics. This research is a descriptive case study involving one client with a participatory observation method. The physiotherapy intervention involved Shock Wave Therapy (SWT) and Static Stretching Exercise. The subject of the study was 22 year old national para athlete with height 182 cm, weight 70 kg, and BMI 21.1 in the ideal category. The patient came to the physiotherapy clinic of NPC Indonesia on 20 August 2023 with complaints of pain in the outer side of the right knee. Physical examination showed normal results except for pain examination using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), where silent pain 2/10, tenderness 4/10, and motion pain 5/10 were found. The diagnosis of ITBS dextra was confirmed through specific examination. After six physiotherapy sessions with SWT and Static Stretching Exercise, there was a significant decrease in pain and an increase in functional activity in ITBS patients. Patients are advised to undergo physiotherapy regularly, do stretching exercises before and after activities, and compress with warm water if experiencing pain.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Farhan Sufi, Suryo Saputra Perdana, Amalia Nur Azizah

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References
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References
Al-Abbad, H., Allen, S., Morris, S., Reznik, J., Biros, E., Paulik, B., & Wright, A. (2020). The effects of shockwave therapy on musculoskeletal conditions based on changes in imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03270-w
Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Lott SA, R. D. (2011). Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The Journal of Japan Academy of Health Sciences, 14(3), 137–143. papers2://publication/uuid/48C2AACE-E0E4-44A8-8140-ABFCA12B6AE4
Charles, D., & Rodgers, C. (2020). A Literature Review and Clinical Commentary on the Development of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Runners. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 15(3), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20200460
Delgado, D. A., Lambert, B. S., Boutris, N., McCulloch, P. C., Robbins, A. B., Moreno, M. R., & Harris, J. D. (2018). Validation of Digital Visual Analog Scale Pain Scoring With a Traditional Paper-based Visual Analog Scale in Adults. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews, 2(3),1–6. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00088
Devi, L. A. S., Agung, A., Agung, I., & Swari, P. (2022). Physical Therapy Intervention for Iliotibial Band Syndrome. Kinesiology and Physiotherapy Comprehensive, 1(2), 30–32.
Erika, D. (2019). Terapi Gelombang Kejut Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT). Primaya Hospital. https://primayahospital.com/fisioterapi-dan-rehabilitasi-medik/terapi-gelombang-kejut-eswt/#:~:text=ESWT digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai, tidak dapat mengatasi nyeri pasien
Kendall, McCreary, P. (2019). Muscle Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. In Muscles, testing and function : with Posture and pain (4th Edition, pp. 56-59.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1993. https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/26396271
Kisner, Carolyn; Colby, Lynn, A. (2017). Therapeutic Exercise. In F. A David Company (Ed.), Therapeutic Exercise (7th ed., p. 1). Foundations and Techniques. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=yZc6DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Leigh-Ann Bramble. (2021). tatic vs. Dynamic Stretching: What Are They and Which Should You Do? HSS Sports Rehabilitation and Performance Center. https://www.hss.edu/article_static_dynamic_stretching.asp
Maghroori, R., Karshenas, L., & Khosrawi, S. (2021). Shockwave Therapy Versus Dry Needling for the Management of Iliotibial Band Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Galen Medical Journal, 10, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v10i0.217
Mahasih, T., & Fazrina, G. (2023). Penatalaksanaan fisioterapi pada kasus iliotibial band syndrome dextra dengan modalitas low level laser therapy (lllt), stretching exercise, dan kinesio taping tahun 2022. Jurnal kesehatan, 14(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.38165/jk.v14i1.368
Malfira, D., & Hilmy, M. R. (2020). Perbedaan Efektivitas Self Myofascial Release Dengan Latihan Penguatan Terhadap Nyeri Dan Knee Performance Pada …. Perbedaan Efektivitas Self …, 16(2), 54–62.
McKay, J., Maffulli, N., Aicale, R., & Taunton, J. (2020). Iliotibial band syndrome rehabilitation in female runners: A pilot randomized study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 15(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01713-7
Muragod, A., & Nitsure, P. (2014). Immediate effects of static stretching versus myofascial release in iliotibial band tight-ness in long distance runners – a randomized clinical trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINES, 2(1), 31–38.
Novak, M., & Goolsby, M. (2023). optimizing health equity through para sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(3), 130–131. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106192
Opara, M., & Kozinc, Ž. (2023). Stretching and Releasing of Iliotibial Band Complex in Patients with Iliotibial Band Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020074
Prabowo, E., & Syahlaa, P. L. (2023). Hubungan Kekuatan Core Stability Dengan Fleksibilitas Lower Limb Pada Lansia Di Panti Werdha Budi Mulia 3 Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Fisioterapi, 6(01), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.36341/jif.v6i01.2860
Setiawan, A. (2011). Faktor Timbulnya Cedera Olahraga. Media Ilmu Keolahragaan Indonesia, 1(1), 94–98.
Setyaningrum, D. A. W. (2019). Cedera olahraga serta penyakit terkait olahraga. Jurnal Biomedika Dan Kesehatan, 2(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.18051/jbiomedkes.2019.v2.39-44
Shamus, J., & Shamus, E. (2015). The Management of Iliotibial Band Syndrome With a Multifaceted Approach: a Double Case Report. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(3), 378–390. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26075154%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4458926
Takeuchi, K., & Nakamura, M. (2020). The optimal duration of high-intensity static stretching in hamstrings. PLoS ONE, 15(10 October), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240181
Weckström, K., & Söderström, J. (2016). Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared with manual therapy in runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 29(1), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150612
Weiler, R., Van Mechelen, W., Fuller, C., & Verhagen, E. (2016). Sport Injuries Sustained by Athletes with Disability: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 46(8), 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0478-0
WHO. (2022). Disability. World Health Organizations. https://www.who.int/health-topics/disability#tab
Yin, L., Zhu, L., & Zhou, Y. (2021). Post-exercise Stretching Protects Strain of Knee Joint Movement System by Relieving Knee Pain and Iliotibial Band Tension. Research Square, 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-954348/v1