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December 18, 2023
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Abstract
Quality of Life (QoL) is a crucial aspect of an individual's well-being, and Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease that significantly impacts QoL. OA patients experience functional impairment, leading to difficulty and pain in activities such as standing, squatting, walking, and climbing stairs. Land-based exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention recommended for long-term knee pain, as it can improve muscle strength, relieve pain, and improve function. However, excessive exercise can worsen pain. This systematic review evaluates literature on land-based exercise interventions that show significant effects on QoL and decrease in knee pain for patients with knee OA. The review includes six publications with randomized controlled trials and experimental studies that examined the impact of land-based exercise on knee OA. The review focuses on exercises such as yoga, strengthening exercises, Tai Ji, and Wuxinqi Exercise. The review finds that land-based exercise has a positive impact on physical function, pain reduction, and quality of life for patients with knee OA. Three publications with yoga and Wuxinqi Exercise showed significant results in pain management, increasing knee strength, and reducing pain in knee OA patients. The review concludes that land-based exercise is an appropriate intervention for people with knee OA related to pain and functional impairment.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Sabina Afifatuzzahra, Suryo Saputra Perdana, Amalia Nur Azizah
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How to Cite
A Systematic Review: Does Land based Exercise Improve the Quality of Life in Patient with Knee Osteoarthritis? . (2023). Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 7(4), 1139–1149. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v7i4.31824
References
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Asif, T., Ali Rana, A., Ahmed Zahoor, I., Ghaffar, N., Ahmad, I., & Idrees, Q. (2022). Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.54393/tt.v3i1.39
Bell, E. C., Wallis, J. A., Goff, A. J., Crossley, K. M., O’Halloran, P., & Barton, C. J. (2022). Does land-based exercise-therapy improve physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analyses. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(11), 1420–1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.008
Cheung, C., Wyman, J. F., Resnick, B., & Savik, K. (2014). Yoga for managing knee osteoarthritis in older women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-160
Coleman, S., Briffa, N. K., Carroll, G., Inderjeeth, C., Cook, N., & McQuade, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of a self-management education program for osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by health care professionals. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3703
Cui, A., Li, H., Wang, D., Zhong, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, H. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine, 29–30, 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100587
Foley, A., Halbert, J., Hewitt, T., & Crotty, M. (2003). Does hydrotherapy improve strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis - A randomized controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based strengthening programme. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 62(12), 1162–1167. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2002.005272
Fransen, M., Mcconnell, S., Hernandez-Molina, G., & Reichenbach, S. (2014). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007912.pub2
Gay, C., Chabaud, A., Guilley, E., & Coudeyre, E. (2016). Educating patients about the benefits of physical activity and exercise for their hip and knee osteoarthritis. Systematic literature review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(3), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.02.005
Hall, M., Hinman, R. S., Wrigley, T. V., Kasza, J., Lim, B. W., & Bennell, K. L. (2018). Knee extensor strength gains mediate symptom improvement in knee osteoarthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(4), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.018
Jansen, M. J., Viechtbauer, W., Lenssen, A. F., Hendriks, E. J. M., & de Bie Rob, A. A. (2011). Strength training alone, exercise therapy alone, and exercise therapy with passive manual mobilization each reduce pain and disability in people with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 57(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(11)70002-9
Khruakhorn, S., & Chiwarakranon, S. (2021). Effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 33(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.375
Kloek, C. J., Bossen, D., Veenhof, C., Van Dongen, J. M., Dekker, J., & De Bakker, D. H. (2014). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended exercise intervention for patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-269
Messier, S. P., Callahan, L. F., Losina, E., Mihalko, S. L., Guermazi, A., Ip, E., Miller, G. D., Katz, J. N., Loeser, R. F., Pietrosimone, B. G., Soto, S., Cook, J. L., Newman, J. J., DeVita, P., Spindler, K. P., Runhaar, J., Armitano-Lago, C., Duong, V., Selzer, F., … Hunter, D. J. (2024). The osteoarthritis prevention study (TOPS) - A randomized controlled trial of diet and exercise to prevent Knee Osteoarthritis: Design and rationale. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open, 6(1), 100418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100418
Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018). Social Support and Self ‑ Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
Perdana, S. S., Anggraeni, N., Norazmi, I., Septiani, I., Zhulfahmi, M. R., & Kasumbung, M. T. (2022). Effectiveness of Specific Training on Physical Functional Improvement and Walking Speed in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 7(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.10
Pereira, D., Ramos, E., & Branco, J. (2015). Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis. A, 28(enero-febrero), 99–106. www.actamedicaportuguesa.com
Pristianto, A., Nay, A. D. H. U., Nisa, N. I. K., Abdalla, H. A., Ikshanty, A. N., & Adha, F. R. (2022). Penyuluhan Land Based Exercise Pada Anggota Posyandu Lansia Dengan Keluhan Nyeri Lutut Di Posyandu Lansia. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(3), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpmi.v1i3.386
Sattler, L., Kan, A., Hing, W., & Vertullo, C. (2023). The addition of structured lifestyle modifications to a traditional exercise program for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 68(May), 102858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102858
Sengkey, Lidwina Paerunan, C., Gessal, J., & Sengkey, L. (2019). Hubungan Antara Usia dan Derajat Kerusakan Sendi pada Pasien Osteoartritis Lutut di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Prof. Dr.R.D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Juni 2018. Jurnal Medik Dan Rehabilitasi (JMR), 1(3), 1–4.
Septiawan, M. A., Perdana, S. S., & Azizah, A. N. (2023). The Effect of Land-Based Exercise on Osteoarthritis Knee Patients’ Quality of Life: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-184-5_38
Tamin, T. Z., & Loekito, N. (2018). Aquatic versus land-based exercise for cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 27(4), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v27i4.2107
Wang, C., Schmid, C. H., Iversen, M. D., Harvey, W. F., Fielding, R. A., Driban, J. B., Price, L. L., Wong, J. B., Reid, K. F., Rones, R., & McAlindon, T. (2016). Comparative effectiveness of Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2143
Wortley, M., Zhang, S., Paquette, M., Byrd, E., Baumgartner, L., Klipple, G., Krusenklaus, J., & Brown, L. (2013). Effects of resistance and Tai Ji training on mobility and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2(4), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.01.001
Xiao, C. M., Li, J. J., Kang, Y., & Zhuang, Y. C. (2021). Follow-up of a Wuqinxi exercise at home programme to reduce pain and improve function for knee osteoarthritis in older people: A randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 50(2), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa179
Xiao, Z., & Li, G. (2021). The effect of Wuqinxi exercises on the balance function and subjective quality of life in elderly, female knee osteoarthritis patients. American Journal of Translational Research, 13(6), 6710–6716.
References
Asif, T., Ali Rana, A., Ahmed Zahoor, I., Ghaffar, N., Ahmad, I., & Idrees, Q. (2022). Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.54393/tt.v3i1.39
Bell, E. C., Wallis, J. A., Goff, A. J., Crossley, K. M., O’Halloran, P., & Barton, C. J. (2022). Does land-based exercise-therapy improve physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analyses. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(11), 1420–1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.008
Cheung, C., Wyman, J. F., Resnick, B., & Savik, K. (2014). Yoga for managing knee osteoarthritis in older women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-160
Coleman, S., Briffa, N. K., Carroll, G., Inderjeeth, C., Cook, N., & McQuade, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of a self-management education program for osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by health care professionals. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3703
Cui, A., Li, H., Wang, D., Zhong, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, H. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine, 29–30, 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100587
Foley, A., Halbert, J., Hewitt, T., & Crotty, M. (2003). Does hydrotherapy improve strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis - A randomized controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based strengthening programme. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 62(12), 1162–1167. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2002.005272
Fransen, M., Mcconnell, S., Hernandez-Molina, G., & Reichenbach, S. (2014). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007912.pub2
Gay, C., Chabaud, A., Guilley, E., & Coudeyre, E. (2016). Educating patients about the benefits of physical activity and exercise for their hip and knee osteoarthritis. Systematic literature review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(3), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.02.005
Hall, M., Hinman, R. S., Wrigley, T. V., Kasza, J., Lim, B. W., & Bennell, K. L. (2018). Knee extensor strength gains mediate symptom improvement in knee osteoarthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(4), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.018
Jansen, M. J., Viechtbauer, W., Lenssen, A. F., Hendriks, E. J. M., & de Bie Rob, A. A. (2011). Strength training alone, exercise therapy alone, and exercise therapy with passive manual mobilization each reduce pain and disability in people with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 57(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(11)70002-9
Khruakhorn, S., & Chiwarakranon, S. (2021). Effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 33(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.375
Kloek, C. J., Bossen, D., Veenhof, C., Van Dongen, J. M., Dekker, J., & De Bakker, D. H. (2014). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended exercise intervention for patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-269
Messier, S. P., Callahan, L. F., Losina, E., Mihalko, S. L., Guermazi, A., Ip, E., Miller, G. D., Katz, J. N., Loeser, R. F., Pietrosimone, B. G., Soto, S., Cook, J. L., Newman, J. J., DeVita, P., Spindler, K. P., Runhaar, J., Armitano-Lago, C., Duong, V., Selzer, F., … Hunter, D. J. (2024). The osteoarthritis prevention study (TOPS) - A randomized controlled trial of diet and exercise to prevent Knee Osteoarthritis: Design and rationale. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open, 6(1), 100418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100418
Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018). Social Support and Self ‑ Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
Perdana, S. S., Anggraeni, N., Norazmi, I., Septiani, I., Zhulfahmi, M. R., & Kasumbung, M. T. (2022). Effectiveness of Specific Training on Physical Functional Improvement and Walking Speed in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 7(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.10
Pereira, D., Ramos, E., & Branco, J. (2015). Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis. A, 28(enero-febrero), 99–106. www.actamedicaportuguesa.com
Pristianto, A., Nay, A. D. H. U., Nisa, N. I. K., Abdalla, H. A., Ikshanty, A. N., & Adha, F. R. (2022). Penyuluhan Land Based Exercise Pada Anggota Posyandu Lansia Dengan Keluhan Nyeri Lutut Di Posyandu Lansia. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(3), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpmi.v1i3.386
Sattler, L., Kan, A., Hing, W., & Vertullo, C. (2023). The addition of structured lifestyle modifications to a traditional exercise program for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 68(May), 102858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102858
Sengkey, Lidwina Paerunan, C., Gessal, J., & Sengkey, L. (2019). Hubungan Antara Usia dan Derajat Kerusakan Sendi pada Pasien Osteoartritis Lutut di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Prof. Dr.R.D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Juni 2018. Jurnal Medik Dan Rehabilitasi (JMR), 1(3), 1–4.
Septiawan, M. A., Perdana, S. S., & Azizah, A. N. (2023). The Effect of Land-Based Exercise on Osteoarthritis Knee Patients’ Quality of Life: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-184-5_38
Tamin, T. Z., & Loekito, N. (2018). Aquatic versus land-based exercise for cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 27(4), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v27i4.2107
Wang, C., Schmid, C. H., Iversen, M. D., Harvey, W. F., Fielding, R. A., Driban, J. B., Price, L. L., Wong, J. B., Reid, K. F., Rones, R., & McAlindon, T. (2016). Comparative effectiveness of Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2143
Wortley, M., Zhang, S., Paquette, M., Byrd, E., Baumgartner, L., Klipple, G., Krusenklaus, J., & Brown, L. (2013). Effects of resistance and Tai Ji training on mobility and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2(4), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.01.001
Xiao, C. M., Li, J. J., Kang, Y., & Zhuang, Y. C. (2021). Follow-up of a Wuqinxi exercise at home programme to reduce pain and improve function for knee osteoarthritis in older people: A randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 50(2), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa179
Xiao, Z., & Li, G. (2021). The effect of Wuqinxi exercises on the balance function and subjective quality of life in elderly, female knee osteoarthritis patients. American Journal of Translational Research, 13(6), 6710–6716.
Bell, E. C., Wallis, J. A., Goff, A. J., Crossley, K. M., O’Halloran, P., & Barton, C. J. (2022). Does land-based exercise-therapy improve physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analyses. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(11), 1420–1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.008
Cheung, C., Wyman, J. F., Resnick, B., & Savik, K. (2014). Yoga for managing knee osteoarthritis in older women: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-160
Coleman, S., Briffa, N. K., Carroll, G., Inderjeeth, C., Cook, N., & McQuade, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of a self-management education program for osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by health care professionals. Arthritis Research and Therapy, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3703
Cui, A., Li, H., Wang, D., Zhong, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, H. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine, 29–30, 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100587
Foley, A., Halbert, J., Hewitt, T., & Crotty, M. (2003). Does hydrotherapy improve strength and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis - A randomized controlled trial comparing a gym based and a hydrotherapy based strengthening programme. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 62(12), 1162–1167. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2002.005272
Fransen, M., Mcconnell, S., Hernandez-Molina, G., & Reichenbach, S. (2014). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007912.pub2
Gay, C., Chabaud, A., Guilley, E., & Coudeyre, E. (2016). Educating patients about the benefits of physical activity and exercise for their hip and knee osteoarthritis. Systematic literature review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(3), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.02.005
Hall, M., Hinman, R. S., Wrigley, T. V., Kasza, J., Lim, B. W., & Bennell, K. L. (2018). Knee extensor strength gains mediate symptom improvement in knee osteoarthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(4), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.018
Jansen, M. J., Viechtbauer, W., Lenssen, A. F., Hendriks, E. J. M., & de Bie Rob, A. A. (2011). Strength training alone, exercise therapy alone, and exercise therapy with passive manual mobilization each reduce pain and disability in people with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 57(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(11)70002-9
Khruakhorn, S., & Chiwarakranon, S. (2021). Effects of hydrotherapy and land-based exercise on mobility and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 33(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.375
Kloek, C. J., Bossen, D., Veenhof, C., Van Dongen, J. M., Dekker, J., & De Bakker, D. H. (2014). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended exercise intervention for patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-269
Messier, S. P., Callahan, L. F., Losina, E., Mihalko, S. L., Guermazi, A., Ip, E., Miller, G. D., Katz, J. N., Loeser, R. F., Pietrosimone, B. G., Soto, S., Cook, J. L., Newman, J. J., DeVita, P., Spindler, K. P., Runhaar, J., Armitano-Lago, C., Duong, V., Selzer, F., … Hunter, D. J. (2024). The osteoarthritis prevention study (TOPS) - A randomized controlled trial of diet and exercise to prevent Knee Osteoarthritis: Design and rationale. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open, 6(1), 100418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100418
Mohebi, S., Parham, M., Sharifirad, G., & Gharlipour, Z. (2018). Social Support and Self ‑ Care Behavior Study. January, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
Perdana, S. S., Anggraeni, N., Norazmi, I., Septiani, I., Zhulfahmi, M. R., & Kasumbung, M. T. (2022). Effectiveness of Specific Training on Physical Functional Improvement and Walking Speed in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 7(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.10
Pereira, D., Ramos, E., & Branco, J. (2015). Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis. A, 28(enero-febrero), 99–106. www.actamedicaportuguesa.com
Pristianto, A., Nay, A. D. H. U., Nisa, N. I. K., Abdalla, H. A., Ikshanty, A. N., & Adha, F. R. (2022). Penyuluhan Land Based Exercise Pada Anggota Posyandu Lansia Dengan Keluhan Nyeri Lutut Di Posyandu Lansia. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(3), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpmi.v1i3.386
Sattler, L., Kan, A., Hing, W., & Vertullo, C. (2023). The addition of structured lifestyle modifications to a traditional exercise program for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 68(May), 102858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102858
Sengkey, Lidwina Paerunan, C., Gessal, J., & Sengkey, L. (2019). Hubungan Antara Usia dan Derajat Kerusakan Sendi pada Pasien Osteoartritis Lutut di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Prof. Dr.R.D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Juni 2018. Jurnal Medik Dan Rehabilitasi (JMR), 1(3), 1–4.
Septiawan, M. A., Perdana, S. S., & Azizah, A. N. (2023). The Effect of Land-Based Exercise on Osteoarthritis Knee Patients’ Quality of Life: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-184-5_38
Tamin, T. Z., & Loekito, N. (2018). Aquatic versus land-based exercise for cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 27(4), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v27i4.2107
Wang, C., Schmid, C. H., Iversen, M. D., Harvey, W. F., Fielding, R. A., Driban, J. B., Price, L. L., Wong, J. B., Reid, K. F., Rones, R., & McAlindon, T. (2016). Comparative effectiveness of Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 165(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2143
Wortley, M., Zhang, S., Paquette, M., Byrd, E., Baumgartner, L., Klipple, G., Krusenklaus, J., & Brown, L. (2013). Effects of resistance and Tai Ji training on mobility and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2(4), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.01.001
Xiao, C. M., Li, J. J., Kang, Y., & Zhuang, Y. C. (2021). Follow-up of a Wuqinxi exercise at home programme to reduce pain and improve function for knee osteoarthritis in older people: A randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 50(2), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa179
Xiao, Z., & Li, G. (2021). The effect of Wuqinxi exercises on the balance function and subjective quality of life in elderly, female knee osteoarthritis patients. American Journal of Translational Research, 13(6), 6710–6716.