Main Article Content
Abstract
Development of an electronic book-based fitness education model aims to improve the effectiveness of physical education learning in Junior High Schools by applying the FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type). This model is designed to integrate electronic book technology in learning with the aim of increasing student motivation, participation, and overall physical fitness through the FITT approach. This study uses the ADDIE method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) to design, test, and evaluate the FITT-based learning model. At the analysis stage, a needs analysis and literature study were carried out, including sources from electronic books, related to challenges in physical education in junior high schools by considering the FITT principle. The design stage includes designing a learning model that combines the principles of FITT-based physical education with electronic book technology. At the development stage, a prototype of the FITT-based model was developed which was tested in several schools. The implementation stage involves the application of the FITT-based model in real learning, and the evaluation stage is carried out to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and level of student acceptance of the FITT-based learning model that was developed. The results of the study indicate that the electronic book-based fitness education model using the FITT approach can increase student involvement in physical activities, as well as provide a positive contribution to improving physical fitness. This model also shows potential for wider application in schools as part of innovation in FITT-based physical education learning.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 aep guntur, Resty Gustiawati, Febi Kurniawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Adi, S., & Soenyoto, T. (2023). Exercise Physiology . Cahya Ghani Recovery.
- Artinta, SV, & Fauziah, HN (2021). Factors influencing students' curiosity and problem-solving abilities in junior high school science subjects. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia , 1 (2), 210–218.
- Bangun, SY (2016). The Role of Physical Education and Sports in Educational Institutions in Indonesia. Education Publication , 6 (3). https://doi.org/10.26858/publikan.v6i3.2270
- Bayu, WI, Waluyo, W., Victorian, AR, & Apriyanto, Y. (2021). Physical Fitness Test Instrument for Children Aged 10-12 Years. Sporta Saintika , 6 (2), 165–176.
- Buanasita, A. (2022). Textbook of Sports Nutrition, Physical Activity and Fitness . NEM Publisher.
- Burhaein, E. (2017). Physical sports activities for the growth and development of elementary school students. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education , 1 (1), 51–58.
- Candra, O., Pranoto, NW, Ropitasari, R., Cahyono, D., Sukmawati, E., & CS, A. (2023). The Role of Physical Education in the Development of Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , 7 (2), 2538–2546. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i2.4506
- Farida, A., Rois, S., & Ahmad, ES (2014). Fun School: creative teaching methods and student character development . Nuansa Cendekia.
- English: Learning Strategy . TOHAR MEDIA.
- Hermanzoni, H. (2020). The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Muscle Explosive Power on Volleyball Smash Ability. Patriot Journal , 2 (2), 654–668.
- Kurniawan, F., Zen, Z., & Erita, Y. (2024). Development of Electronic Teaching Materials Using Flip PDF Professional in Class V Elementary School. Journal of Science Education Research , 10 (6), 3212–3220.
- Lengkana, AS, & Muhtar, T. (2021). Physical Fitness Learning . CV Salam Insan Mulia.
- Muhtar, T., & Lengkana, AS (2021). Health in Physical Education . CV Salam Insan Mulia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Rvk_EAAAQBAJ
- Mustafa, PS, & Dwiyogo, WD (2020). Physical Education, Sports, and Health Curriculum in Indonesia in the 21st Century. JARTIKA Journal of Research in Technology and Educational Innovation , 3 (2), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.36765/jartika.v3i2.268
- Pandikar, E. (2020). Social studies learning improves students' ecoliteracy abilities. Sandhyakala Journal of Historical, Social and Cultural Education , 1 (2), 71–82.
- Purba, RD, Sianturi, F., Idris, M., Sihombing, R., Alfarisi, H., & Nurkadri, N. (2022). Learning and Development of Physical Education for Students. Riyadhoh: Journal of Sports Education , 5 (1), 139. https://doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v5i1.7324
- Rafi, S., Gani, RA, & Iqbal, R. (2022). Development of Interactive Multimedia-Based Physical Fitness Learning Model for Senior High Schools in Indramayu Regency During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sports Education , 11 (1), 15–36.
- Rejeki, HS, Purwanto, D., & Mentara, H. (2024). Development of Game-Based Learning Model to Improve Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students. Journal of SPORT (Sport, Physical Education, Organization, Recreation, and Training) , 8 (2), 620–631.
- Ro'is, AF, & Fahturohzis, TD (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING MODEL BASED ON SNAKES AND LADDER GAMES. Jambura Sports Coaching Academic Journal , 2 (1), 32–38.
- Rumawatine, Z. (2024). Textbook of Basic Concepts of Physical Education . MEGA PRESS NUSANTARA.
- Saputra, DN, Ariningsih, KA, Wau, MP, Noviyani, R., Awe, EY, & Firdausiyah, L. (2021). Introduction to Education. In CV. Learning Center Library (Issue December). CV Rey Media Graphics.
- Sudrajat, H., & Hariati, RH (2021). The Nature of Lifelong Education to be Instilled in Elementary School Students. Al-Amin Journal: Educational and Social Studies , 6 (02), 253–262.
- SUTIANAH, DRC, PD, S., & PD, M. (2022). Learning and learning . Qiara Media Publisher.
- Syamsul, TM, Adi, R., Gaos, SMG, Tatang, I., & Faiz, RA (2020). Physical Education Management . Adab Publisher. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rOcREAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=manajemen+pengetahuan&ots=vd7bylVqhY&sig=e2Lb7Vj76SR_9mF3VsuNLNSpYOw
- Wang, C., Yuan, Y., & Ji, X. (2024). The effects of a blended learning model on the physical fitness of Chinese university students: a cluster randomized controlled trial in basketball education. BMC Public Health , 24 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20001-1
- Wibowo, H. (2020). Introduction to Learning Theories and Learning Models . Puri Cipta Media.
- Xiangli, G.U., Solmon, M.A., & Zhang, T.A.O. (2012). Using expectancy-value model to examine students' physical activity engagement and cardiovascular fitness in physical education. International Journal of Sport Psychology , 43 (5), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2012.43.385
References
Adi, S., & Soenyoto, T. (2023). Exercise Physiology . Cahya Ghani Recovery.
Artinta, SV, & Fauziah, HN (2021). Factors influencing students' curiosity and problem-solving abilities in junior high school science subjects. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia , 1 (2), 210–218.
Bangun, SY (2016). The Role of Physical Education and Sports in Educational Institutions in Indonesia. Education Publication , 6 (3). https://doi.org/10.26858/publikan.v6i3.2270
Bayu, WI, Waluyo, W., Victorian, AR, & Apriyanto, Y. (2021). Physical Fitness Test Instrument for Children Aged 10-12 Years. Sporta Saintika , 6 (2), 165–176.
Buanasita, A. (2022). Textbook of Sports Nutrition, Physical Activity and Fitness . NEM Publisher.
Burhaein, E. (2017). Physical sports activities for the growth and development of elementary school students. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education , 1 (1), 51–58.
Candra, O., Pranoto, NW, Ropitasari, R., Cahyono, D., Sukmawati, E., & CS, A. (2023). The Role of Physical Education in the Development of Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , 7 (2), 2538–2546. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i2.4506
Farida, A., Rois, S., & Ahmad, ES (2014). Fun School: creative teaching methods and student character development . Nuansa Cendekia.
English: Learning Strategy . TOHAR MEDIA.
Hermanzoni, H. (2020). The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Muscle Explosive Power on Volleyball Smash Ability. Patriot Journal , 2 (2), 654–668.
Kurniawan, F., Zen, Z., & Erita, Y. (2024). Development of Electronic Teaching Materials Using Flip PDF Professional in Class V Elementary School. Journal of Science Education Research , 10 (6), 3212–3220.
Lengkana, AS, & Muhtar, T. (2021). Physical Fitness Learning . CV Salam Insan Mulia.
Muhtar, T., & Lengkana, AS (2021). Health in Physical Education . CV Salam Insan Mulia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Rvk_EAAAQBAJ
Mustafa, PS, & Dwiyogo, WD (2020). Physical Education, Sports, and Health Curriculum in Indonesia in the 21st Century. JARTIKA Journal of Research in Technology and Educational Innovation , 3 (2), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.36765/jartika.v3i2.268
Pandikar, E. (2020). Social studies learning improves students' ecoliteracy abilities. Sandhyakala Journal of Historical, Social and Cultural Education , 1 (2), 71–82.
Purba, RD, Sianturi, F., Idris, M., Sihombing, R., Alfarisi, H., & Nurkadri, N. (2022). Learning and Development of Physical Education for Students. Riyadhoh: Journal of Sports Education , 5 (1), 139. https://doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v5i1.7324
Rafi, S., Gani, RA, & Iqbal, R. (2022). Development of Interactive Multimedia-Based Physical Fitness Learning Model for Senior High Schools in Indramayu Regency During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sports Education , 11 (1), 15–36.
Rejeki, HS, Purwanto, D., & Mentara, H. (2024). Development of Game-Based Learning Model to Improve Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students. Journal of SPORT (Sport, Physical Education, Organization, Recreation, and Training) , 8 (2), 620–631.
Ro'is, AF, & Fahturohzis, TD (2023). DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING MODEL BASED ON SNAKES AND LADDER GAMES. Jambura Sports Coaching Academic Journal , 2 (1), 32–38.
Rumawatine, Z. (2024). Textbook of Basic Concepts of Physical Education . MEGA PRESS NUSANTARA.
Saputra, DN, Ariningsih, KA, Wau, MP, Noviyani, R., Awe, EY, & Firdausiyah, L. (2021). Introduction to Education. In CV. Learning Center Library (Issue December). CV Rey Media Graphics.
Sudrajat, H., & Hariati, RH (2021). The Nature of Lifelong Education to be Instilled in Elementary School Students. Al-Amin Journal: Educational and Social Studies , 6 (02), 253–262.
SUTIANAH, DRC, PD, S., & PD, M. (2022). Learning and learning . Qiara Media Publisher.
Syamsul, TM, Adi, R., Gaos, SMG, Tatang, I., & Faiz, RA (2020). Physical Education Management . Adab Publisher. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rOcREAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=manajemen+pengetahuan&ots=vd7bylVqhY&sig=e2Lb7Vj76SR_9mF3VsuNLNSpYOw
Wang, C., Yuan, Y., & Ji, X. (2024). The effects of a blended learning model on the physical fitness of Chinese university students: a cluster randomized controlled trial in basketball education. BMC Public Health , 24 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20001-1
Wibowo, H. (2020). Introduction to Learning Theories and Learning Models . Puri Cipta Media.
Xiangli, G.U., Solmon, M.A., & Zhang, T.A.O. (2012). Using expectancy-value model to examine students' physical activity engagement and cardiovascular fitness in physical education. International Journal of Sport Psychology , 43 (5), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2012.43.385