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Mathematical creative thinking skill is important for elementary school students to have so they can be actively involve in solving challenging mathematical problems. Related to this, the purpose of the study is to determine the effect of Drill and Practice (D&P) methods on improving student mathematical creative thinking abilities in terms of their initial Prior-Ability on Mathematics (PAM). The study used a Quasi Experiment method with the type of One Group Pre test-Post test Design and involved 22 students as a research sample that were selected pro positively. To analyze the increase in mathematical creative thinking abilities used Ngain. The result showed that there was an influence of the D&P method on improving student mathematical creative thinking abilities in terms of PAM. Further tests using the Post Hoc Test showed that high PAM level >< moderate there was no difference, while high PAM >< low and moderate >< low there was a difference. Each PAM level achieved an increase in the medium category. The increase is due to the effectiveness of the D&P method. The D&P method can trigger an increase in student creative thinking skills because students Practice working on questions and Practice on contextual problems. This process allows students to explore their creative thinking abilities
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Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Johannis Takaria, Yuyun Sahusiwa

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Referensi
- Alessi, S. M., & Trollip, S. R. (1991). Computer based instruction: methods and development. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview
- Ayllón, M. F., Gómez, I. A., & Ballesta-Claver. J. (2016). Mathematical thinking and creativity through mathematical problem posing and solving. Propósitos y Representaciones, 4(1); 169-218.
- Balka, D. S. (1974). Creative ability in mathematics. – In: Arithmetic Teacher 21, p. 633–636
- Drowns, B., & Robert, L. (1985). Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 12(3), pp 59-68
- Ericsson, K. A. (2016). Summing up hours of any type of practice versus identifying optimal practice activities: Commentary on Macnamara, Moreau, & Hambrick (2016). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 351–354. doi:10.1177/1745691616635600.
- Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R.A. (2016). Creativity and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000133
- García, J. J. (1998). La creatividad y la resolución de problemas como bases de un modelo didáctico alternativo. Revista de Educación y Pedagogía, 10(21), 145-173.
- Gee, Y. T., & Umar, I. N. (2014). The Effects of Drill and Practice Courseware on Students’ Achievement and Motivation in Learning English. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 8(12), pp. 3812-3817.
- Hake, R, R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A sixthousand-student survey of mechanics tes data for introductory physics course. Am. J. Phys, 66 (1), 64-74.
- Hailikari, T., Katajavuori, N., & LindblomYlänne, S. (2008). The Relevance of prior knowledge in learning and instructional design. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 72(5), 113
- Henderson, K., L. (2007). The Effects Of Prior Knowledge Activation On Learner Retention Of New Concepts In Learning Objects. Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access), University of Central Florida. Online Tersedia: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e1fc/ 5385da0f4f52536ba3051a6f60bb310d65c5.pdf
- Hsu, L., & Maan Sheu, C. (2008). A Study of Low English Proficiency Students’ Attitude toward Online Learning. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 5(2), pp. 240–264
- Joong Kim, D., Chul Bae, S., Ho Choi, S., Jeong Kim, H., & Lim, W. (2019). Creative Character Education in Mathematics for Prospective Teachers, Sustainability 11, 1730; doi:10.3390/su11061730
- Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13, 1–12. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013688
- Lehtinen, E., McMullen, J., Hannula-Sormunen, M.M., & Gruber, H. (2017). Cultivating mathematical skills: from drill-and-practice to deliberate practice. The international Journal on mathematics education 49(7) • March 2017?with?2,857 Reads doi: 10.1007/s11858-017-0856-6
- Mahmudi, A. (2010). Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis. Makalah Disajikan Pada Konferensi Nasional Matematika XV UNIMA Manado. Online, (Tersedia): http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132240454/penelitian/Makalah+14+ALI+UNY+Yogya+for+KNM+UNIMA+_Mengukur+Kemampuan+Berpikir+Kreatif+_.pdf, diakses 22-12-2019.
- Mann, E. L. (2006). Creativity: The Essence of Mathematics. Journal for the Education of the Gifted. 30, (2), pp. 236–260.
- Plucker, J., Beghetto, R. A., & Dow, G. (2004). Why isn’t creativity more important to educational psychologists? Potential, pitfalls, and future directions in creativity research. Educational Psychologist, 39, 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1207/ s15326985ep3902_1
- Purwaningrum, D., & Sumardi. (2016). Efek strategi pembelajaran ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika kelas XI IPS. Jurnal Managemen Pendidikan, 11(2), 155-167. Jurnal Elektronik Pembelajaran Matematika 2(2), 141 – 151
- Putri, A. R., Paidi., Subali, B. (2016). Divergent Thinking In Biology Science Process Skill Of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 5(5), 39-50.
- Razak, F. (2017). Relationship of initial capacity critical thinking ability in mathematics class VII SMP Boarding Immim Putri Minasatene. Jurnal Mosharafa, 6(1), 117-128
- Runco, M.A.(1993).Creativity as an educational objective for disadvantaged students (RBDM 9306). Storrs: University of Connecticut, The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented.
- Sam Lim, C., Ngang Tang, K., & Kee Kor, L. (2012). Drill and Practice in Learning (and Beyond). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, Springer Link, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_706
- Sharma. J. (2017). Effect Of Mathematics Learning On The
- Development Of Mathematics Creativity. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 5(1), 151-158.
- Silver, E. A. (1997). Fostering Creativity through Instruction Rich in Mathematical Problem Solving and Problem Posing. (Online) Tersedia: file:///C:/Users/PRODI%20PGSD/ Downloads/97_3_Analyses _Fostering_Creativity_throu.pdf, diakses (26-7-2019).
- Simonton, D. K. (2012). Taking the US Patent Office creativity criteria seriously: A quantitative three-criterion definition and its implications. Creativity Research Journal, 24, 97–106.
- Simonton, K. (2014). Genius, creativity and leadership. In T.Rickards, M.K.Runco and S.Moger (Ed), The Routledge companion to creativity (pp 247-255). Oxon, UK: Routledge.
- Siswono, T . E. Y. (2008). Penjenjangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Identifikasi Tahap Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Memecahkan dan Mengajukan Masalah Matematika. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika “Mathedu” 3(1).
- Sternberg, R., & Lubart, T. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospect and paradigm. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3–15). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press
- Takaria, J. (2018). Penerapan Pembelajaran Collaborative Problem Solving untuk Meningkatkan Self-Concept Mahasiswa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan, Vol 2(1); 83-93
- Takaria, J., & Talakua, M. (2018). The Ability Of Statistical Literacy Student Teacher Candidate In Terms Of Prior-Ability On Mathematics. Jurnal Kependidikan Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 2(2), 395-408
- Torrance, E. P. (1966): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. – Princeton, NJ: Personnel Press
- Torrance, E. P. (1974): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Services
- Torrance, E. P. (1988): The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. – In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.): The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. – New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 43–75
- Vale, I., dan Barbosa, A. (2015). Mathematics Creativity in Elementary Teacher Training. Journal of the European Teacher Education Network Vol. 10, 101-109
- Worthington, M. (2006). Creativity Meets Mathematics. [Online] Tersedia: http://www.childrens-mathematics.net/creativity_meets_mathematics.pdf.
- Torrance, E. P. (1974): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Services
- Torrance, E. P. (1988): The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. – In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.): The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. – New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 43–75
- Vale, I., dan Barbosa, A. (2015). Mathematics Creativity in Elementary Teacher Training. Journal of the European Teacher Education Network Vol. 10, 101-109
- Worthington, M. (2006). Creativity Meets Mathematics. [Online] Tersedia: http://www.childrens-mathematics.net/creativity_meets_mathematics.pdf.
Referensi
Alessi, S. M., & Trollip, S. R. (1991). Computer based instruction: methods and development. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview
Ayllón, M. F., Gómez, I. A., & Ballesta-Claver. J. (2016). Mathematical thinking and creativity through mathematical problem posing and solving. Propósitos y Representaciones, 4(1); 169-218.
Balka, D. S. (1974). Creative ability in mathematics. – In: Arithmetic Teacher 21, p. 633–636
Drowns, B., & Robert, L. (1985). Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 12(3), pp 59-68
Ericsson, K. A. (2016). Summing up hours of any type of practice versus identifying optimal practice activities: Commentary on Macnamara, Moreau, & Hambrick (2016). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 351–354. doi:10.1177/1745691616635600.
Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R.A. (2016). Creativity and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000133
García, J. J. (1998). La creatividad y la resolución de problemas como bases de un modelo didáctico alternativo. Revista de Educación y Pedagogía, 10(21), 145-173.
Gee, Y. T., & Umar, I. N. (2014). The Effects of Drill and Practice Courseware on Students’ Achievement and Motivation in Learning English. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 8(12), pp. 3812-3817.
Hake, R, R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A sixthousand-student survey of mechanics tes data for introductory physics course. Am. J. Phys, 66 (1), 64-74.
Hailikari, T., Katajavuori, N., & LindblomYlänne, S. (2008). The Relevance of prior knowledge in learning and instructional design. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 72(5), 113
Henderson, K., L. (2007). The Effects Of Prior Knowledge Activation On Learner Retention Of New Concepts In Learning Objects. Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access), University of Central Florida. Online Tersedia: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e1fc/ 5385da0f4f52536ba3051a6f60bb310d65c5.pdf
Hsu, L., & Maan Sheu, C. (2008). A Study of Low English Proficiency Students’ Attitude toward Online Learning. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 5(2), pp. 240–264
Joong Kim, D., Chul Bae, S., Ho Choi, S., Jeong Kim, H., & Lim, W. (2019). Creative Character Education in Mathematics for Prospective Teachers, Sustainability 11, 1730; doi:10.3390/su11061730
Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2009). Beyond big and little: The four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13, 1–12. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013688
Lehtinen, E., McMullen, J., Hannula-Sormunen, M.M., & Gruber, H. (2017). Cultivating mathematical skills: from drill-and-practice to deliberate practice. The international Journal on mathematics education 49(7) • March 2017?with?2,857 Reads doi: 10.1007/s11858-017-0856-6
Mahmudi, A. (2010). Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis. Makalah Disajikan Pada Konferensi Nasional Matematika XV UNIMA Manado. Online, (Tersedia): http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132240454/penelitian/Makalah+14+ALI+UNY+Yogya+for+KNM+UNIMA+_Mengukur+Kemampuan+Berpikir+Kreatif+_.pdf, diakses 22-12-2019.
Mann, E. L. (2006). Creativity: The Essence of Mathematics. Journal for the Education of the Gifted. 30, (2), pp. 236–260.
Plucker, J., Beghetto, R. A., & Dow, G. (2004). Why isn’t creativity more important to educational psychologists? Potential, pitfalls, and future directions in creativity research. Educational Psychologist, 39, 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1207/ s15326985ep3902_1
Purwaningrum, D., & Sumardi. (2016). Efek strategi pembelajaran ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika kelas XI IPS. Jurnal Managemen Pendidikan, 11(2), 155-167. Jurnal Elektronik Pembelajaran Matematika 2(2), 141 – 151
Putri, A. R., Paidi., Subali, B. (2016). Divergent Thinking In Biology Science Process Skill Of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 5(5), 39-50.
Razak, F. (2017). Relationship of initial capacity critical thinking ability in mathematics class VII SMP Boarding Immim Putri Minasatene. Jurnal Mosharafa, 6(1), 117-128
Runco, M.A.(1993).Creativity as an educational objective for disadvantaged students (RBDM 9306). Storrs: University of Connecticut, The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented.
Sam Lim, C., Ngang Tang, K., & Kee Kor, L. (2012). Drill and Practice in Learning (and Beyond). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, Springer Link, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_706
Sharma. J. (2017). Effect Of Mathematics Learning On The
Development Of Mathematics Creativity. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah, 5(1), 151-158.
Silver, E. A. (1997). Fostering Creativity through Instruction Rich in Mathematical Problem Solving and Problem Posing. (Online) Tersedia: file:///C:/Users/PRODI%20PGSD/ Downloads/97_3_Analyses _Fostering_Creativity_throu.pdf, diakses (26-7-2019).
Simonton, D. K. (2012). Taking the US Patent Office creativity criteria seriously: A quantitative three-criterion definition and its implications. Creativity Research Journal, 24, 97–106.
Simonton, K. (2014). Genius, creativity and leadership. In T.Rickards, M.K.Runco and S.Moger (Ed), The Routledge companion to creativity (pp 247-255). Oxon, UK: Routledge.
Siswono, T . E. Y. (2008). Penjenjangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Identifikasi Tahap Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Memecahkan dan Mengajukan Masalah Matematika. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika “Mathedu” 3(1).
Sternberg, R., & Lubart, T. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospect and paradigm. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3–15). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press
Takaria, J. (2018). Penerapan Pembelajaran Collaborative Problem Solving untuk Meningkatkan Self-Concept Mahasiswa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan, Vol 2(1); 83-93
Takaria, J., & Talakua, M. (2018). The Ability Of Statistical Literacy Student Teacher Candidate In Terms Of Prior-Ability On Mathematics. Jurnal Kependidikan Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 2(2), 395-408
Torrance, E. P. (1966): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. – Princeton, NJ: Personnel Press
Torrance, E. P. (1974): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Services
Torrance, E. P. (1988): The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. – In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.): The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. – New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 43–75
Vale, I., dan Barbosa, A. (2015). Mathematics Creativity in Elementary Teacher Training. Journal of the European Teacher Education Network Vol. 10, 101-109
Worthington, M. (2006). Creativity Meets Mathematics. [Online] Tersedia: http://www.childrens-mathematics.net/creativity_meets_mathematics.pdf.
Torrance, E. P. (1974): The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Technical-norms manual. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Services
Torrance, E. P. (1988): The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. – In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.): The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. – New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 43–75
Vale, I., dan Barbosa, A. (2015). Mathematics Creativity in Elementary Teacher Training. Journal of the European Teacher Education Network Vol. 10, 101-109
Worthington, M. (2006). Creativity Meets Mathematics. [Online] Tersedia: http://www.childrens-mathematics.net/creativity_meets_mathematics.pdf.