Main Article Content
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop with Helminthosporium oryzae B. de Haan, Curvularia sp., and Rhizoctonia solani as three major associated pathogenic fungi. In controlling these pathogens, the use of antagonistic fungus, such as Trichoderma asperellum, is still considered the most effective and environmentally friendly. The study aimed to determine the potential of T. asperellum in suppressing several pathogenic fungi that cause disease in rice plants in vitro. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments were several pathogens that cause disease in rice plants with antagonistic fungi T. asperellum to inhibit several pathogens in rice plants, namely R. solani, Curvularia sp., H. oryzae., and untreated control. Testing the antagonistic power of T. asperellum against several pathogenic fungi was carried out by double culture method and culture vapor method. Observations made included the percentage of inhibition, invasion rate, colony area, changes in morphological characters, the number of conidia and the number of germinated conidia. The results showed that T. asperellum has the potential to suppress the growth of several pathogenic fungi studied in vitro. In the double culture method, T. asperellum suppressed the growth of R. solani fungus with the highest inhibition percentage of 68.40%, whereas in the vapor culture method, T. asperellum suppressed the growth of Curvularia sp. fungus with the highest effectiveness of 62.04%.
Keywords: biological control, Curvularia sp., Helminthosporium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani.
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References
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- Dendang, B. 2015. Uji antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap Ganoderma sp. yang menyerang tanaman sengon secara in vitro. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 4(2):147-156.
- Febriza, S., L. Hakim, and S. Susanna. 2024. Keefektifan Trichoderma asperellum dari sumber berbeda terhadap Colletotrichum sp. penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tomat. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 9(2):270–281.
- IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 2018. Rice diseases: Biology and selected management practices. Philippines.
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- Kumar, V., B. Koul, P. Taak, D. Yadav, and M. Song. 2023. Journey of Trichoderma from pilot scale to mass production: A review. Agriculture 13:2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102022.
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- Mifthahul, J., Marlina, and L. Hakim. 2023. Uji antagonis beberapa spesies cendawan endofit Trichoderma terhadap Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 8(4):977–989.
- Mirsam, H., K. Suriani, S. Kurniawati, O.D. Purwanto, A. Muis, S. Pakki, A. Tenrirawe, N. Nonci, Herawati, Muslimin, and M. Azrai. 2023. In vitro inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum isolates from corn against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease and its role in improving the growth of corn seedlings. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 33(1). Article 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00729-5.
- Muhibuddin, A., S. Salsabila, and A.W. Sektiono. 2021. Kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma harzianum terhadap beberapa jamur patogen penyakit tanaman. Agrosaintifika 4(1):225–233.
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- Pérez-Álvarez, S., C.M. Escobedo-Bonilla, J. Rascón-Solano, S.A. García-García, E. Sánchez-Chávez, M.A. Magallanes-Tapia, and H.A.L. Hernández. 2024. Society of land measurements using Trichoderma asperellum. Agriculture 13(1):1–14.
- Ruswandari, V.R., A. Syauqi, and T. Rahayu. 2020. Uji antagonis jamur Trichoderma viride dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Alternaria porri penyebab penyakit bercak ungu pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Bioscience-Tropic 5(2):84–90.
- Siahaan, P., A.M. Tangapo, and S.D. Umboh. 2024. Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp. Biodiversitas 25(9):3380–3389. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250960.
- Sudantha, I.M., and S. Suwardji. 2021. Biodiversity of Trichoderma antagonist saprophytic fungi and its use for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease on shallots at Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886(1).
- Sutarman, T. Setiorini, A.S. Li’aini, P. Purnomo, and A. Rahmat. 2022. Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum effect toward anthracnose pathogen activity on red chili (Capsicum annum L.) as ecofriendly pesticide. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13(4):131-137.
- Win, T.T., B. Bo, P. Malec, S. Khan, and P. Fu. 2021. Newly isolated strain of Trichoderma asperellum from disease suppressive soil is a potential bio-control agent to suppress Fusarium soil-borne fungal phytopathogens. Journal of Plant Pathology 103:549–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00780-x.
References
Asad, S.A. 2022. Mechanisms of action and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma against fungal plant diseases - A review. Ecological Complexity 49 (December 2021):100978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100978.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024. Luas panen, produksi, dan produktivitas padi menurut provinsi, 2024. https://www.bps.go.id (diakses 28 November 2024).
Chilosi, G., M.P. Aleandri, E. Luccioli, S.R. Stazi, R. Marabottini, C. Morales-Rodríguez, A.M. Vettraino, and A. Vannini. 2020. Suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens in growing media amended with espresso spent coffee grounds as a carrier of Trichoderma spp. Scientia Horticulturae 259:108666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108666.
Dendang, B. 2015. Uji antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap Ganoderma sp. yang menyerang tanaman sengon secara in vitro. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 4(2):147-156.
Febriza, S., L. Hakim, and S. Susanna. 2024. Keefektifan Trichoderma asperellum dari sumber berbeda terhadap Colletotrichum sp. penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tomat. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 9(2):270–281.
IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 2018. Rice diseases: Biology and selected management practices. Philippines.
Karim, H.A., and M. Aliyah. 2019. Evaluasi penentuan waktu tanam padi (Oryza sativa L.) berdasarkan analisa curah hujan dan ketersediaan air pada wilayah Bedungan Sekka-Sekka Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Agrovital: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 3(2):41-46.
Kumar, V., B. Koul, P. Taak, D. Yadav, and M. Song. 2023. Journey of Trichoderma from pilot scale to mass production: A review. Agriculture 13:2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102022.
Lila, K.D.L.S.K., M.W. Proborini, and F.E. Wijayanti. 2023. Potensi Trichoderma asperellum TKD dalam menghambat Phytophthora spp. pada benih kakao selama masa penyimpanan. Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati 8 (September 2022):40–50.
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v8i1.6076.
Mifthahul, J., Marlina, and L. Hakim. 2023. Uji antagonis beberapa spesies cendawan endofit Trichoderma terhadap Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 8(4):977–989.
Mirsam, H., K. Suriani, S. Kurniawati, O.D. Purwanto, A. Muis, S. Pakki, A. Tenrirawe, N. Nonci, Herawati, Muslimin, and M. Azrai. 2023. In vitro inhibition mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum isolates from corn against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease and its role in improving the growth of corn seedlings. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 33(1). Article 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00729-5.
Muhibuddin, A., S. Salsabila, and A.W. Sektiono. 2021. Kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma harzianum terhadap beberapa jamur patogen penyakit tanaman. Agrosaintifika 4(1):225–233.
Ningrat, M.A., C.D. Mual, and Y.Y. Makabori. 2021. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada berbagai sistem tanam di Kampung Desay, Distrik Prafi, Kabupaten Manokwari. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian 2(1):325–332.
Pérez-Álvarez, S., C.M. Escobedo-Bonilla, J. Rascón-Solano, S.A. García-García, E. Sánchez-Chávez, M.A. Magallanes-Tapia, and H.A.L. Hernández. 2024. Society of land measurements using Trichoderma asperellum. Agriculture 13(1):1–14.
Ruswandari, V.R., A. Syauqi, and T. Rahayu. 2020. Uji antagonis jamur Trichoderma viride dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Alternaria porri penyebab penyakit bercak ungu pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Bioscience-Tropic 5(2):84–90.
Siahaan, P., A.M. Tangapo, and S.D. Umboh. 2024. Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp. Biodiversitas 25(9):3380–3389. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250960.
Sudantha, I.M., and S. Suwardji. 2021. Biodiversity of Trichoderma antagonist saprophytic fungi and its use for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease on shallots at Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886(1).
Sutarman, T. Setiorini, A.S. Li’aini, P. Purnomo, and A. Rahmat. 2022. Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum effect toward anthracnose pathogen activity on red chili (Capsicum annum L.) as ecofriendly pesticide. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13(4):131-137.
Win, T.T., B. Bo, P. Malec, S. Khan, and P. Fu. 2021. Newly isolated strain of Trichoderma asperellum from disease suppressive soil is a potential bio-control agent to suppress Fusarium soil-borne fungal phytopathogens. Journal of Plant Pathology 103:549–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00780-x.