Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the most dominant emotions experienced by EFL teachers in the Indonesian context. Two kinds of questionnaires were employed in this study. This research involved participants of Bandung English Teachers. They were 72 EFL teachers who participated on the general scale of phase 1 and 68 EFL teachers who joined the specific scale questionnaire of phase 2. Three dimensions of emotions were explored in this research to know the level of emotions faced by teachers. Also, positive and negative emotions have been explored in this paper. A quantitative descriptive method was used to examine the data from two questionnaires as the main research instrument. This study adapted the Teacher Emotion Scale invented by Frenzel et al. (2016). The descriptive findings show that from two studies enjoyment is the most frequently experienced and anger is the lowest dimension of emotion preferred by EFL teachers. This study has proven the reliability of the research instrument. The research analysis shows that there is an insignificant difference between the two studies and both of them have a very close resemblance.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Ajmal, A., & Irfan, H. (2020). Effects of Process-Genre Approach on Writing Anxiety among English Academic Writing Learners in Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 741–752. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i2.1215
- Alpaslan, M. M., & Ulubey, Ö. (2017). Adaptation of the Teacher Emotion Scale into Turkish Culture. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(25), 119–130. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12343
- Arindra, M. Y., & Ardi, P. (2020). The correlation between students’ writing anxiety and the use of writing assessment rubrics. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 13(1), 76–93.
- Balanescu, R.-C. (2019). Teaching Emotions, Stress, and Burnout among Teachers in Secondary Education. Brain-Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2), 119–127.
- Butler, J. (2021). Negotiating the Self and Emotional Work.
- Canga Alonso, A. (2015). Receptive Vocabulary of CLIL and Non-CLIL Primary and Secondary School Learners. Complutense Journal of English Studies, 23(0), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_cjes.2015.v23.51301
- Carrillo, C., & Flores, M. A. (2018). Veteran teachers’ identity: what does the research literature tell us? Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(5), 639–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2017.1394982
- Chang, M. L. (2013). Toward a theoretical model to understand teacher emotions and teacher burnout in the context of student misbehavior: Appraisal, regulation and coping. Motivation and Emotion, 37(4), 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9335-0
- Chen, J. (2019a). Efficacious and Positive Teachers Achieve More: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Efficacy, Emotions, and Their Practicum Performance. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0427-9
- Chen, J. (2019b). Exploring the impact of teacher emotions on their approaches to teaching: A structural equation modelling approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12220
- Chen, J., Yin, H., & Frenzel, A. C. (2020). Editorial: Teacher Emotions Matter—Nature, Antecedents, and Effects. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605389
- Christen, A., & Grandjean, D. (2013). Emotion and the Brain. Emotion-Oriented Systems, 1975, 33–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118601938.ch2
- Edwards, L. N. (2016). Looking after the teachers: exploring the emotional labour experienced by teachers of looked after children. Educational Psychology in Practice, 32(1), 54–72.
- Esmail, A., Ahmed, M., & Noreen, S. (2015). Why Do Pakistani Students are Reluctant to Speak English. 6(May), 372–383.
- Frenzel, A. C. (2014). Teacher emotions. In E. A. Linnenbrink-Garcia & R. Pekrun (Eds.), International Handbook of Emotions in Education (Issue January 2014, pp. 494–519). Routledge.
- Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Durksen, T. L., Becker-Kurz, B., & Klassen, R. M. (2016). Measuring Teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety: The Teacher Emotions Scales (TES). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 46(May), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.05.003
- Frenzel, A. C., & Stephens, E. J. (2013). Emotions. In N. C. Hall & T. Goetz (Eds.), Emotion, Motivation, and Self-Regulation : A Handbook for Teachers (pp. 41–56). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Ghanizadeh, A., & Royaei, N. (2015). Emotional facet of language teaching: Emotion regulation and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher burnout. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 10(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/22040552.2015.1113847
- Hartono, H., & Maharani, M. M. (2020). English Writing Anxiety and the Writing Problems of Indonesia EFL Learners. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 409(2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019)), 513–517. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.111
- Hong, J., Cross Francis, D., & Schutz, P. A. (2018). Research on teacher identity: Common themes, implications, and future directions. Research on Teacher Identity: Mapping Challenges and Innovations, 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93836-3_21
- Huang, X., Lee, J. C. K., & Frenzel, A. C. (2020). Striving to Become a Better Teacher: Linking Teacher Emotions With Informal Teacher Learning Across the Teaching Career. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01067
- Keller, M. M., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Pekrun, R., & Hensley, L. (2014). Exploring teacher emotions : a literature review and an experience sampling study. In P. W. Richardson (Ed.), Teacher motivation : theory and practice (pp. 69–82). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203119273-5
- Kerr, M. M., & Brown, E. L. (2016). Preventing school failure for teachers, revisited: Special educators explore their emotional labor. Preventing School Failure, 60(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2015.1043715
- Kralova, Z., & Tirpakova, A. (2019). Nonnative EFL Teachers’ Speaking Anxiety: Post-Communist Country Context. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846698
- Kurniasih, K., Sholihah, F. A., Umamah, A., & Hidayanti, I. (2020). Writing Process Approach and Its Effect on Students’ Writing Anxiety and Performance. Jurnal Arbitrer, 7(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.2.144-150.2020
- Lasky, S. (2005). A sociocultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 899–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.06.003
- Lee, J. C. K., & Yin, H. B. (2011). Teachers’ emotions and professional identity in curriculum reform: A Chinese perspective. Journal of Educational Change, 12(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-010-9149-3
- Lestari, I. W. (2020). First experiences in a school-based practicum: Pre-service teachers’ emotion and perceived benefits towards the program. EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka) : Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 5(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.26905/enjourme.v5i1.4228
- Li, H. (2020). Emotions and English language teaching: Exploring teachers’ emotion labor. Educational Review, 00(00), 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2020.1804725
- Li, W., & Tian, M. (2019). Chapter 3 Exploring Emotion Management Strategies of Junior High School Teachers in Shanghai, China. Emotion Management and Feelings in Teaching and Educational Leadership, 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-010-920191003
- Liu, Y. (2016). The emotional geographies of language teaching. Teacher Development, 20(4), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1161660
- Lubis, M. A. (2020). The Correlation between Students‘ Writing Anxiety and Students‘ Writing Ability in Third Semester English Education UIN STS Jambi. State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
- Mevarech, Z. R., & Maskit, D. (2015). The teaching experience and the emotions it evokes. Social Psychology of Education, 18(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-014-9286-2
- Nalipay, M. J. N., Mordeno, I. G., Semilla, J. roel B., & Frondozo, C. E. (2019). Implicit Beliefs about Teaching Ability, Teacher Emotions, and Teaching Satisfaction. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00467-z
- Peng, Y. (2015). On the Importance of Positive Emotions in College English Teaching and Learning. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Education Reform and Modern Management, 15(Ermm), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.2991/ermm-15.2015.32
- Poirel, E., Béland, S., & Charlot, J. (2019). Compétences émotionnelles en regard de trois émotions distinctes (anxiété, colère et joie) en lien avec le leadership des directions d’établissement scolaire. Canadian Journal of Education, 42(1), 170–195.
- Sar?çoban, A., & K?rm?z?, Ö. (2020). An investigation of the relation between pre-service EFL teachers’ emotions and their approaches to teaching. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(4), 1968–1986. https://doi.org/10.17263/JLLS.851029
- Saunders, R. (2013). The role of teacher emotions in change: Experiences, patterns and implications for professional development. Journal of Educational Change, 14(3), 303–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-012-9195-0
- Schutz, P. A. (2014). Inquiry on Teachers’ Emotion. Educational Psychologist, 49(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.864955
- Shariatmadari, M., Mahdi, S., & Gramipour, M. (2019). The development of Teacher Academic Emotions (TAE) Scale. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 3(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.2019.5
- Suh, B. L., & Kang, M. J. (2020). Maternal Reactions to Preschoolers’ Negative Emotions and Aggression: Gender Difference in Mediation of Emotion Regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01649-5
- Toraby, E., & Modarresi, G. (2018). EFL teachers’ emotions and learners’ views of teachers’ pedagogical success. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11235a
- Tsang, K. K. (2015). Labor Process Theory : Teachers ’ Emotions in the Contexts of Education Reforms. In Sociological Understandings of Teachers Emotions: A Short Introdution, Critical Review, and the Way Forward (pp. 10–14). Anchor Academic Publishing.
- Tsang, K. K., & Jiang, L. (2018). Positive Emotional Experiences in Teaching, Teacher Identity, and Student Behaviors: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. Schools, 15(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1086/699890
- Yin, H. B., & Lee, J. (2011). Emotions matter: Teachers’ feelings about their interactions with teacher trainers during curriculum reform. Chinese Education and Society, 44(4), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932440405
References
Ajmal, A., & Irfan, H. (2020). Effects of Process-Genre Approach on Writing Anxiety among English Academic Writing Learners in Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 741–752. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i2.1215
Alpaslan, M. M., & Ulubey, Ö. (2017). Adaptation of the Teacher Emotion Scale into Turkish Culture. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(25), 119–130. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.12343
Arindra, M. Y., & Ardi, P. (2020). The correlation between students’ writing anxiety and the use of writing assessment rubrics. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 13(1), 76–93.
Balanescu, R.-C. (2019). Teaching Emotions, Stress, and Burnout among Teachers in Secondary Education. Brain-Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2), 119–127.
Butler, J. (2021). Negotiating the Self and Emotional Work.
Canga Alonso, A. (2015). Receptive Vocabulary of CLIL and Non-CLIL Primary and Secondary School Learners. Complutense Journal of English Studies, 23(0), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_cjes.2015.v23.51301
Carrillo, C., & Flores, M. A. (2018). Veteran teachers’ identity: what does the research literature tell us? Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(5), 639–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2017.1394982
Chang, M. L. (2013). Toward a theoretical model to understand teacher emotions and teacher burnout in the context of student misbehavior: Appraisal, regulation and coping. Motivation and Emotion, 37(4), 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9335-0
Chen, J. (2019a). Efficacious and Positive Teachers Achieve More: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Efficacy, Emotions, and Their Practicum Performance. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0427-9
Chen, J. (2019b). Exploring the impact of teacher emotions on their approaches to teaching: A structural equation modelling approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12220
Chen, J., Yin, H., & Frenzel, A. C. (2020). Editorial: Teacher Emotions Matter—Nature, Antecedents, and Effects. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.605389
Christen, A., & Grandjean, D. (2013). Emotion and the Brain. Emotion-Oriented Systems, 1975, 33–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118601938.ch2
Edwards, L. N. (2016). Looking after the teachers: exploring the emotional labour experienced by teachers of looked after children. Educational Psychology in Practice, 32(1), 54–72.
Esmail, A., Ahmed, M., & Noreen, S. (2015). Why Do Pakistani Students are Reluctant to Speak English. 6(May), 372–383.
Frenzel, A. C. (2014). Teacher emotions. In E. A. Linnenbrink-Garcia & R. Pekrun (Eds.), International Handbook of Emotions in Education (Issue January 2014, pp. 494–519). Routledge.
Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Durksen, T. L., Becker-Kurz, B., & Klassen, R. M. (2016). Measuring Teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety: The Teacher Emotions Scales (TES). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 46(May), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.05.003
Frenzel, A. C., & Stephens, E. J. (2013). Emotions. In N. C. Hall & T. Goetz (Eds.), Emotion, Motivation, and Self-Regulation : A Handbook for Teachers (pp. 41–56). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Ghanizadeh, A., & Royaei, N. (2015). Emotional facet of language teaching: Emotion regulation and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher burnout. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 10(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/22040552.2015.1113847
Hartono, H., & Maharani, M. M. (2020). English Writing Anxiety and the Writing Problems of Indonesia EFL Learners. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 409(2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019)), 513–517. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.111
Hong, J., Cross Francis, D., & Schutz, P. A. (2018). Research on teacher identity: Common themes, implications, and future directions. Research on Teacher Identity: Mapping Challenges and Innovations, 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93836-3_21
Huang, X., Lee, J. C. K., & Frenzel, A. C. (2020). Striving to Become a Better Teacher: Linking Teacher Emotions With Informal Teacher Learning Across the Teaching Career. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 11). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01067
Keller, M. M., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Pekrun, R., & Hensley, L. (2014). Exploring teacher emotions : a literature review and an experience sampling study. In P. W. Richardson (Ed.), Teacher motivation : theory and practice (pp. 69–82). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203119273-5
Kerr, M. M., & Brown, E. L. (2016). Preventing school failure for teachers, revisited: Special educators explore their emotional labor. Preventing School Failure, 60(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2015.1043715
Kralova, Z., & Tirpakova, A. (2019). Nonnative EFL Teachers’ Speaking Anxiety: Post-Communist Country Context. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846698
Kurniasih, K., Sholihah, F. A., Umamah, A., & Hidayanti, I. (2020). Writing Process Approach and Its Effect on Students’ Writing Anxiety and Performance. Jurnal Arbitrer, 7(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.2.144-150.2020
Lasky, S. (2005). A sociocultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 899–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.06.003
Lee, J. C. K., & Yin, H. B. (2011). Teachers’ emotions and professional identity in curriculum reform: A Chinese perspective. Journal of Educational Change, 12(1), 25–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-010-9149-3
Lestari, I. W. (2020). First experiences in a school-based practicum: Pre-service teachers’ emotion and perceived benefits towards the program. EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka) : Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 5(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.26905/enjourme.v5i1.4228
Li, H. (2020). Emotions and English language teaching: Exploring teachers’ emotion labor. Educational Review, 00(00), 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2020.1804725
Li, W., & Tian, M. (2019). Chapter 3 Exploring Emotion Management Strategies of Junior High School Teachers in Shanghai, China. Emotion Management and Feelings in Teaching and Educational Leadership, 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-010-920191003
Liu, Y. (2016). The emotional geographies of language teaching. Teacher Development, 20(4), 482–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1161660
Lubis, M. A. (2020). The Correlation between Students‘ Writing Anxiety and Students‘ Writing Ability in Third Semester English Education UIN STS Jambi. State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Mevarech, Z. R., & Maskit, D. (2015). The teaching experience and the emotions it evokes. Social Psychology of Education, 18(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-014-9286-2
Nalipay, M. J. N., Mordeno, I. G., Semilla, J. roel B., & Frondozo, C. E. (2019). Implicit Beliefs about Teaching Ability, Teacher Emotions, and Teaching Satisfaction. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00467-z
Peng, Y. (2015). On the Importance of Positive Emotions in College English Teaching and Learning. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Education Reform and Modern Management, 15(Ermm), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.2991/ermm-15.2015.32
Poirel, E., Béland, S., & Charlot, J. (2019). Compétences émotionnelles en regard de trois émotions distinctes (anxiété, colère et joie) en lien avec le leadership des directions d’établissement scolaire. Canadian Journal of Education, 42(1), 170–195.
Sar?çoban, A., & K?rm?z?, Ö. (2020). An investigation of the relation between pre-service EFL teachers’ emotions and their approaches to teaching. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(4), 1968–1986. https://doi.org/10.17263/JLLS.851029
Saunders, R. (2013). The role of teacher emotions in change: Experiences, patterns and implications for professional development. Journal of Educational Change, 14(3), 303–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-012-9195-0
Schutz, P. A. (2014). Inquiry on Teachers’ Emotion. Educational Psychologist, 49(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2013.864955
Shariatmadari, M., Mahdi, S., & Gramipour, M. (2019). The development of Teacher Academic Emotions (TAE) Scale. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 3(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.2019.5
Suh, B. L., & Kang, M. J. (2020). Maternal Reactions to Preschoolers’ Negative Emotions and Aggression: Gender Difference in Mediation of Emotion Regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01649-5
Toraby, E., & Modarresi, G. (2018). EFL teachers’ emotions and learners’ views of teachers’ pedagogical success. International Journal of Instruction, 11(2), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11235a
Tsang, K. K. (2015). Labor Process Theory : Teachers ’ Emotions in the Contexts of Education Reforms. In Sociological Understandings of Teachers Emotions: A Short Introdution, Critical Review, and the Way Forward (pp. 10–14). Anchor Academic Publishing.
Tsang, K. K., & Jiang, L. (2018). Positive Emotional Experiences in Teaching, Teacher Identity, and Student Behaviors: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. Schools, 15(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1086/699890
Yin, H. B., & Lee, J. (2011). Emotions matter: Teachers’ feelings about their interactions with teacher trainers during curriculum reform. Chinese Education and Society, 44(4), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932440405