Main Article Content
Abstract
Nominal phrases are important elements in grammar that form sentence structures. In linguistic studies, the analysis of verb phrase construction is important to understand the author's language style and convey the meaning of a text. This study aims to identify the construction of verb phrases in the novel Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi using a linguistic approach. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through text analysis on sentences containing verb phrases, the data source is the novel Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi. The data were analyzed using the documentation technique, namely by reading and identifying sentences containing verb phrases in the novel. Each verb phrase found was recorded and categorized based on its type. After the data was collected, the verb phrases were classified based on their construction. The data that has been classified is then analyzed using syntactic theory to identify the construction of verb phrases and then interpreted to understand the construction of verb phrases in building the narrative of the story. Then draw conclusions based on the findings. The research found two types of main phrase construction, namely coordinative phrases 161 data, and subordinative phrases 350 data with several types of subordinative phrases, namely subordinative verbal phrases structured Adv + V as much as 198 data, subordinative verbal phrases structured V + Adv 57 data, subordinative verbal phrases structured V + N 71 data, subordinative verbal phrases structured V + A 24 data.
Article Details
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Reni Kusmiarti, Ira Yuniarti, Eli Rustinar, Trisna Anugrah, Andre Wihnata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
How to Cite
A Linguistic Analysis of Verbal Phrase Construction in Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window. (2025). Journal of English Education and Teaching, 9(1), 94–109. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.9.1.94-109
References
-
Aisyiah Syiam Octavianti, Fika Uswatun, Sefiyan Eza Nur Hidayat, & Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo. (2022). Analisis Penggunaan Frasa Verba pada Surat Kabar Suara Merdeka yang Berjudul ”Kurikulum Ruh Pembelajaran Tingkat Paling Dasar hingga Bangku Kuliah”. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sastra Inggris, 2(1), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupensi.v2i1.190
Anderson, R., & Smith, J. (2022). Syntactic Structures in Contemporary Fiction. Journal of Literary Linguistics, 34(2), 110–123.
Asnawi. (2018). STRUKTUR FRASA VERBAL BAHASA BANJAR HULU: TINJAUAN BENTUK GRAMATIKAL. GERAM (Gerakan Aktif Menulis), 6(1), 40–46.
Asy’ari, P. A., & Nugraheni, A. S. (2020). Synthactic Study of Verba Phrases in The Novel Princess Izatunnuha by Salma Izatunnuha. Aksis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(2), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.040204
Baiq Yulia Kurnia Wahidah. (2021). Perbedaan Jenis Frasa Nominal dan Kata Majemuk Nomina. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(3), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5564696
Brad Henderson. (2020). More Advanced Sentence Structures: Verbal Phrases, Inversions, and Variations. In A Math-Based Writing System for Engineers Sentence Algebra & Document Algorithms. (p. pp 107–136). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10756-7_8
Chaer, A. (2015). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia (Pendekatan Proses). Rineka Cipta.
Claire Blanche-Benveniste. (2007). Phrase et construction verbale. Lingvisticæ Investigationes, 26(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1075/li.26.2.10pio
Den Dikken, M. (2017). Clausal subordination and the structure of the verbal phrase. Languages, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2020005
Erniati, E., & Wijaya, D. (2023). Frasa Verbal Bahasa Teon di Pulau Seram. In Kibas Cenderawasih (Vol. 20, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.26499/kc.v20i2.420
Jiménez, C. C. (2017). Coordinación y cláusulas adversativas: problemas clasificatorios y propuesta de análisis. Revista Española de Lingüística, 46(2), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.31810/rsel.v46i2.150
Kamila, S. D., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2023). Analisis Frasa Nomina Dan Frasa Verbal Dalam Artikel “Ketika Ruang Kelas, Memperlambat Kreativitas” Oleh Sofia Amalia Pada Kompasiana.Com Edisi 29 September 2020. Jurnal Komposisi, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.53712/jk.v6i1.1783
Kumiarti, R., Antini, M., Putri Nabila Dhari Widyah, Sari, I., & Minanda, T. (2022). Pola Penyusunan Frasa Verbal Dalam Novel Siapa Sahabat Yang Kau Pilih Karya Satria Nova. Jurnal Lateralisasi, 10 No. 02(02), 33–42.
Martine Sekali. (2011). Counter-subordinative Coordination versus Co-subordinative Coordination : A Syntax / Semantics / Pragmatics Interface Study of And , But and For. HAL Id: Halshs-00630770 Https://Shs.Hal.Science/Halshs-00630770v1.
Matos, G. (2019). Coordination de phrases vs subordination adverbiale: propositions causales en portugais. Faits de Langues, 28(1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-028-01-900000016
Merle, J.-M. (2020). Un problème de syntaxe : la subordination en when / quand, dite « subordination inverse ». Linx, 80. https://doi.org/10.4000/linx.6397
Nensilianti, N., Syamsudduha, S., & on, I. A.-I. C. (n.d.). Makassar Language Word Class Category. Ojs.Unm.Ac.Id, 1998, 1513–1524. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/icsat/article/view/18055
Ningrum, D. K. S., & Suryani, S. (2023). Subordinative Construction of Tamiang Malay Language: Syntactic Typology Study. International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay, 2(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v2i1.15329
Nirmala Devi J. (2022). A Study of Verbal Phrase Theory in Mannan Chinnandi’s Narratives. International Research Journal of Tamil, : 4(S-16). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1613
Park, H., & Lee, S. (2023). Syntax and Semantics in Translated Literature: A Cross-Linguistic Approach. Linguistic Inquiry, 22(3), 189–205.
Putri, D. L., & Subiyanto, A. (2023). Konstruksi Verba Serial Direksional pada Bahasa Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.639
Srisudarso, M. dkk. (2024). Konsep, Struktur dan Satuan Sintaksis. In Lingusitik Umum (p. 222). PT MAFI MEDIA LITERASI INDONESIA.
Susetyo. reni Kusmiarti, M. T. P. (2021). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia untuk Mahasiswa. CV. Amerta Media.
Ulfah, A., Janah, M., Zulfa, M., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2022). Frasa Verba Koordinatif dan Verba Subordinatif pada Cerpen “Senyum Karyamin” Karya Ahmad Tohari. Sinergi Budaya Dan Teknologi Dalam Ilmu Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia, Dan Pengajarannya, 87–100. http://jurnal.unimor.ac.id/PSN/article/view/2891
Vries, M. de. (2005). Coordination and Syntactic Hierarchy. Studia Linguistica, A Journal Of General Linguistic. https://doi.org/doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.2005.00121.x
Zainal Arifin & Junaiyah. (2015). Sintaksis. PT.Grasindo.
References
Aisyiah Syiam Octavianti, Fika Uswatun, Sefiyan Eza Nur Hidayat, & Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo. (2022). Analisis Penggunaan Frasa Verba pada Surat Kabar Suara Merdeka yang Berjudul ”Kurikulum Ruh Pembelajaran Tingkat Paling Dasar hingga Bangku Kuliah”. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sastra Inggris, 2(1), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupensi.v2i1.190
Anderson, R., & Smith, J. (2022). Syntactic Structures in Contemporary Fiction. Journal of Literary Linguistics, 34(2), 110–123.
Asnawi. (2018). STRUKTUR FRASA VERBAL BAHASA BANJAR HULU: TINJAUAN BENTUK GRAMATIKAL. GERAM (Gerakan Aktif Menulis), 6(1), 40–46.
Asy’ari, P. A., & Nugraheni, A. S. (2020). Synthactic Study of Verba Phrases in The Novel Princess Izatunnuha by Salma Izatunnuha. Aksis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(2), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.040204
Baiq Yulia Kurnia Wahidah. (2021). Perbedaan Jenis Frasa Nominal dan Kata Majemuk Nomina. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(3), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5564696
Brad Henderson. (2020). More Advanced Sentence Structures: Verbal Phrases, Inversions, and Variations. In A Math-Based Writing System for Engineers Sentence Algebra & Document Algorithms. (p. pp 107–136). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10756-7_8
Chaer, A. (2015). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia (Pendekatan Proses). Rineka Cipta.
Claire Blanche-Benveniste. (2007). Phrase et construction verbale. Lingvisticæ Investigationes, 26(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1075/li.26.2.10pio
Den Dikken, M. (2017). Clausal subordination and the structure of the verbal phrase. Languages, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2020005
Erniati, E., & Wijaya, D. (2023). Frasa Verbal Bahasa Teon di Pulau Seram. In Kibas Cenderawasih (Vol. 20, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.26499/kc.v20i2.420
Jiménez, C. C. (2017). Coordinación y cláusulas adversativas: problemas clasificatorios y propuesta de análisis. Revista Española de Lingüística, 46(2), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.31810/rsel.v46i2.150
Kamila, S. D., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2023). Analisis Frasa Nomina Dan Frasa Verbal Dalam Artikel “Ketika Ruang Kelas, Memperlambat Kreativitas” Oleh Sofia Amalia Pada Kompasiana.Com Edisi 29 September 2020. Jurnal Komposisi, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.53712/jk.v6i1.1783
Kumiarti, R., Antini, M., Putri Nabila Dhari Widyah, Sari, I., & Minanda, T. (2022). Pola Penyusunan Frasa Verbal Dalam Novel Siapa Sahabat Yang Kau Pilih Karya Satria Nova. Jurnal Lateralisasi, 10 No. 02(02), 33–42.
Martine Sekali. (2011). Counter-subordinative Coordination versus Co-subordinative Coordination : A Syntax / Semantics / Pragmatics Interface Study of And , But and For. HAL Id: Halshs-00630770 Https://Shs.Hal.Science/Halshs-00630770v1.
Matos, G. (2019). Coordination de phrases vs subordination adverbiale: propositions causales en portugais. Faits de Langues, 28(1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-028-01-900000016
Merle, J.-M. (2020). Un problème de syntaxe : la subordination en when / quand, dite « subordination inverse ». Linx, 80. https://doi.org/10.4000/linx.6397
Nensilianti, N., Syamsudduha, S., & on, I. A.-I. C. (n.d.). Makassar Language Word Class Category. Ojs.Unm.Ac.Id, 1998, 1513–1524. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/icsat/article/view/18055
Ningrum, D. K. S., & Suryani, S. (2023). Subordinative Construction of Tamiang Malay Language: Syntactic Typology Study. International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay, 2(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v2i1.15329
Nirmala Devi J. (2022). A Study of Verbal Phrase Theory in Mannan Chinnandi’s Narratives. International Research Journal of Tamil, : 4(S-16). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1613
Park, H., & Lee, S. (2023). Syntax and Semantics in Translated Literature: A Cross-Linguistic Approach. Linguistic Inquiry, 22(3), 189–205.
Putri, D. L., & Subiyanto, A. (2023). Konstruksi Verba Serial Direksional pada Bahasa Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.639
Srisudarso, M. dkk. (2024). Konsep, Struktur dan Satuan Sintaksis. In Lingusitik Umum (p. 222). PT MAFI MEDIA LITERASI INDONESIA.
Susetyo. reni Kusmiarti, M. T. P. (2021). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia untuk Mahasiswa. CV. Amerta Media.
Ulfah, A., Janah, M., Zulfa, M., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2022). Frasa Verba Koordinatif dan Verba Subordinatif pada Cerpen “Senyum Karyamin” Karya Ahmad Tohari. Sinergi Budaya Dan Teknologi Dalam Ilmu Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia, Dan Pengajarannya, 87–100. http://jurnal.unimor.ac.id/PSN/article/view/2891
Vries, M. de. (2005). Coordination and Syntactic Hierarchy. Studia Linguistica, A Journal Of General Linguistic. https://doi.org/doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.2005.00121.x
Zainal Arifin & Junaiyah. (2015). Sintaksis. PT.Grasindo.
Anderson, R., & Smith, J. (2022). Syntactic Structures in Contemporary Fiction. Journal of Literary Linguistics, 34(2), 110–123.
Asnawi. (2018). STRUKTUR FRASA VERBAL BAHASA BANJAR HULU: TINJAUAN BENTUK GRAMATIKAL. GERAM (Gerakan Aktif Menulis), 6(1), 40–46.
Asy’ari, P. A., & Nugraheni, A. S. (2020). Synthactic Study of Verba Phrases in The Novel Princess Izatunnuha by Salma Izatunnuha. Aksis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(2), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.040204
Baiq Yulia Kurnia Wahidah. (2021). Perbedaan Jenis Frasa Nominal dan Kata Majemuk Nomina. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(3), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5564696
Brad Henderson. (2020). More Advanced Sentence Structures: Verbal Phrases, Inversions, and Variations. In A Math-Based Writing System for Engineers Sentence Algebra & Document Algorithms. (p. pp 107–136). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10756-7_8
Chaer, A. (2015). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia (Pendekatan Proses). Rineka Cipta.
Claire Blanche-Benveniste. (2007). Phrase et construction verbale. Lingvisticæ Investigationes, 26(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1075/li.26.2.10pio
Den Dikken, M. (2017). Clausal subordination and the structure of the verbal phrase. Languages, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2020005
Erniati, E., & Wijaya, D. (2023). Frasa Verbal Bahasa Teon di Pulau Seram. In Kibas Cenderawasih (Vol. 20, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.26499/kc.v20i2.420
Jiménez, C. C. (2017). Coordinación y cláusulas adversativas: problemas clasificatorios y propuesta de análisis. Revista Española de Lingüística, 46(2), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.31810/rsel.v46i2.150
Kamila, S. D., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2023). Analisis Frasa Nomina Dan Frasa Verbal Dalam Artikel “Ketika Ruang Kelas, Memperlambat Kreativitas” Oleh Sofia Amalia Pada Kompasiana.Com Edisi 29 September 2020. Jurnal Komposisi, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.53712/jk.v6i1.1783
Kumiarti, R., Antini, M., Putri Nabila Dhari Widyah, Sari, I., & Minanda, T. (2022). Pola Penyusunan Frasa Verbal Dalam Novel Siapa Sahabat Yang Kau Pilih Karya Satria Nova. Jurnal Lateralisasi, 10 No. 02(02), 33–42.
Martine Sekali. (2011). Counter-subordinative Coordination versus Co-subordinative Coordination : A Syntax / Semantics / Pragmatics Interface Study of And , But and For. HAL Id: Halshs-00630770 Https://Shs.Hal.Science/Halshs-00630770v1.
Matos, G. (2019). Coordination de phrases vs subordination adverbiale: propositions causales en portugais. Faits de Langues, 28(1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-028-01-900000016
Merle, J.-M. (2020). Un problème de syntaxe : la subordination en when / quand, dite « subordination inverse ». Linx, 80. https://doi.org/10.4000/linx.6397
Nensilianti, N., Syamsudduha, S., & on, I. A.-I. C. (n.d.). Makassar Language Word Class Category. Ojs.Unm.Ac.Id, 1998, 1513–1524. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/icsat/article/view/18055
Ningrum, D. K. S., & Suryani, S. (2023). Subordinative Construction of Tamiang Malay Language: Syntactic Typology Study. International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay, 2(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v2i1.15329
Nirmala Devi J. (2022). A Study of Verbal Phrase Theory in Mannan Chinnandi’s Narratives. International Research Journal of Tamil, : 4(S-16). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1613
Park, H., & Lee, S. (2023). Syntax and Semantics in Translated Literature: A Cross-Linguistic Approach. Linguistic Inquiry, 22(3), 189–205.
Putri, D. L., & Subiyanto, A. (2023). Konstruksi Verba Serial Direksional pada Bahasa Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.639
Srisudarso, M. dkk. (2024). Konsep, Struktur dan Satuan Sintaksis. In Lingusitik Umum (p. 222). PT MAFI MEDIA LITERASI INDONESIA.
Susetyo. reni Kusmiarti, M. T. P. (2021). Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia untuk Mahasiswa. CV. Amerta Media.
Ulfah, A., Janah, M., Zulfa, M., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2022). Frasa Verba Koordinatif dan Verba Subordinatif pada Cerpen “Senyum Karyamin” Karya Ahmad Tohari. Sinergi Budaya Dan Teknologi Dalam Ilmu Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia, Dan Pengajarannya, 87–100. http://jurnal.unimor.ac.id/PSN/article/view/2891
Vries, M. de. (2005). Coordination and Syntactic Hierarchy. Studia Linguistica, A Journal Of General Linguistic. https://doi.org/doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.2005.00121.x
Zainal Arifin & Junaiyah. (2015). Sintaksis. PT.Grasindo.