Main Article Content
Abstract
The hotel industry’s demands on graduates from the hotel department in vocational school are high. However, graduates’ communication skills using English are still low because imbalance between English learning materials and workplace realities. This study aims to identify the needs of authentic English learning materials that align with industry language expectations. This explanatory sequential mixed-method design involved 62 hotel department students, 5 English teachers, and five hotel stakeholders in Padang, Indonesia. Questionnaires, interview guidelines, and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to gather the quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The results of this study indicate that both oral (e.g., greeting guests, managing complaints, and handling reservations) and written communication (e.g., confirmation emails and service reports) were highly prioritized for the hotel industry. Additionally, the vital authentic resources needed to be learned by students included reservation forms, brochures, guest service videos, and business emails. These findings highlight that teachers need to foster student engagement and professional competence by shifting from textbook-based to real-task-driven approaches to teach English in the hotel department of vocational schools.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Asma Alhusna, Suparmi Suparmi

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References
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- Al-jufri, N. H., Nasa, R., & Mayaputri, V. (2024). English needs by hotel receptionists in Sikka : An analysis of English for hospitality. Contemporary Education and Community Engagement, 1(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.12928/cece.v1i1.987
- Alzarga, S. (2021). Using authentic materials in foreign language classes: EFL English teachers’ perspective. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 9(11), 87–94. https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol9-issue11/Ser-3/Q09118794.pdf
- Ariyanthi, K. E., Putra, I. N. A. J., & Suarcaya, P. (2020). English learning materials for restaurant students at Apollonia Hotel School. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 4(3), 252. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i3.26107
- Celce-Murcia, M. (2001). Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Heinle & Heinle.
- Christou, P. A. (2023). How to use thematic analysis in qualitative research. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 3(2), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.4337/jqrt.2023.0006
- Clarah, R. I., Angraini, N., & Permana, D. R. (2023). A survey of English communication difficulties faced by employees of the front office hotel department in hotel Palembang. Journal of Teaching of English, 8(3), 261–273. https://jte.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/view/386
- Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Journal, 34(2), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587951
- Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
- Dudley-Evans, T., & St. John, M. J. (1998). Developments in English for specific purposes. Cambridge University Press.
- Erazo, M. A. C., Ramírez, S. I. M., Encalada, M. A. R., Holguin, J. V., & Zou, J. H. (2019). English language skills required by the hospitality and tourism Sector in El Oro, Ecuador. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0902.05
- Firharmawan, H., & Andika, A. (2019). Needs and problems in English for hospitality industries: A case study of the hotel employees at Meotel Hotel Kebumen. Journal of English Language Learning (JELL), 3(2), 61–67. chrome-extension://kdpelmjpfafjppnhbloffcjpeomlnpah/https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/318833-needs-and-problems-in-english-for-hospit-bca48635.pdf
- Gufron, G. P., & Azmin, A. (2022). The use of authentic materials in online English teaching: From the learners’ perspective. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i1.26504
- Hafner, C. A., & Pun, J. (2020). Editorial: Introduction to this special issue: English for academic and professional purposes in the digital era. RELC Journal, 51(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220917472
- Ho, Y.-Y. C. (2020). Communicative language teaching and English as a foreign language undergraduates’ communicative competence in Tourism English. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27(100271), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100271
- Hutchinson, T., & Water, A. (1987). English for specific purposes. Cambridge University Press.
- Jasrial, D., & Zaim, M. (2023). Constructivism for English language teaching in the 21st century in the Indonesian context: Library research. Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics, 7(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.32663/edu-ling.v7i1.4237
- Karmaker, P. R., & Hasan, R. Al. (2025). Graduates’ English communicative skills and professional success: Perspectives from universities and industry stakeholders in Bangladesh. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 9(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.9.1.110-127
- Long, M. H. (2005). Second language needs analysis. Cambridge University Press.
- Mandarsari, P. (2023). Online authentic materials in teaching English for EFL students. IJRETAL: International Journal of Research on English Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 65–78.
- Martina, F., Mustofa, M. I., Jasrial, D., Rahmawati, L., & Rakhmanina, L. (2025). Infusing Islamic values into reading module for Islamic Senior High School students. International Journal of Language Pedagogy, 5(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.24036/ijolp.v5i1.105
- Muslem, A., Sahardin, R., Heriansyah, H., Fata, I. A., Djalaluddin, Y., & Hankinson, E. (2022). YouTube teaching materials with peer support to improve students’ mastery of subject content learning. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(2), 651–666. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i2.25236
- Nunan, D. (2004). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
- Nunan, David. (2004). Task-based language teaching: A comprehensively revised edition of designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
- Nurhamsih, Y., & Syahrial, S. (2018). Evaluation of English teaching materials used at a vocational high school based on cunningsworth’s checklist. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature), 1(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v3i2.6830
- Prabowo, B. A., & Saptiany, S. G. (2024). Communication challenges in the hospitality business: Analysis of students’ strategies in learning English at STIEPARI Semarang. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 20(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.33633/lite.v20i1.10216
- Prima, S. (2022). A study of perception of the importance of English language skills among Indonesian hotel employees. J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic, 9(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2022.vol9(1).8972
- Puspitasari, I. (2018). Developing English for tourism materials trough stakeholders needs analysis. English Review: Journal of English Education, 7(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v7i1.1534
- Putra, F. K. K., Saepudin, & Utami, N. G. M. K. (2022). Preferred competencies for tourism and hospitality graduates: Evidence from longitudinal tracer studies. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(3), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.03.009
- Ratnaningsih, P. W., & Clara, C. (2021). The effect of vocabulary towards writing skill with reading skill as moderating effect. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 6(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.13670
- Richard, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Richards, J. C. (2001). Curriculum development in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
- Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.59646/methodsengteach/108
- Stangl, B., Li, Y., Ma, E., Xu, S., & Alsaied, M. (2024). Transferable skills in tourism and hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research, 109(103854), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103854
- Sukmawan, S., Setyowati, L., & El-Sulukiyyah, A. A. (2021). The effect of authentic materials on writing performance across different levels of proficiency. International Journal of Language Education, 5(1), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.26858/IJOLE.V5I1.15286
- Trang, T. T. T., & Phuong, V. T. (2023). Needs analysis about intercultural communicative competence among undergraduate tourism students. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2023(September). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-10012-1
- Usman, H., & Anwar, M. (2021). Integrated language skill approach: Model of teaching materials for elementary school teacher education programs in indonesia. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 656–669. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.19031
- Utami, I. L. P., & Widiastuti, I. A. M. S. (2025). Developing a 4C-based English supplementary material: A Balinese tourism vocational school context. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.9.1.40-60
- Yasmin, M., Sarkar, M., & Sohail, A. (2016). Exploring English language needs in the Hotel industry in Pakistan: An evaluation of existing teaching material. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 28(4), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2016.1226846
- Zachrich, L., Wagner, W., Bertram, C., & Trautwein, U. (2024). Really? It depends! How authentic learning material affects involvement with personal stories of the past. Learning and Instruction, 92(July 2023), 101921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101921
References
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficient for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
Al-jufri, N. H., Nasa, R., & Mayaputri, V. (2024). English needs by hotel receptionists in Sikka : An analysis of English for hospitality. Contemporary Education and Community Engagement, 1(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.12928/cece.v1i1.987
Alzarga, S. (2021). Using authentic materials in foreign language classes: EFL English teachers’ perspective. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 9(11), 87–94. https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol9-issue11/Ser-3/Q09118794.pdf
Ariyanthi, K. E., Putra, I. N. A. J., & Suarcaya, P. (2020). English learning materials for restaurant students at Apollonia Hotel School. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 4(3), 252. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i3.26107
Celce-Murcia, M. (2001). Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Heinle & Heinle.
Christou, P. A. (2023). How to use thematic analysis in qualitative research. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 3(2), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.4337/jqrt.2023.0006
Clarah, R. I., Angraini, N., & Permana, D. R. (2023). A survey of English communication difficulties faced by employees of the front office hotel department in hotel Palembang. Journal of Teaching of English, 8(3), 261–273. https://jte.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/view/386
Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Journal, 34(2), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587951
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
Dudley-Evans, T., & St. John, M. J. (1998). Developments in English for specific purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Erazo, M. A. C., Ramírez, S. I. M., Encalada, M. A. R., Holguin, J. V., & Zou, J. H. (2019). English language skills required by the hospitality and tourism Sector in El Oro, Ecuador. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0902.05
Firharmawan, H., & Andika, A. (2019). Needs and problems in English for hospitality industries: A case study of the hotel employees at Meotel Hotel Kebumen. Journal of English Language Learning (JELL), 3(2), 61–67. chrome-extension://kdpelmjpfafjppnhbloffcjpeomlnpah/https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/318833-needs-and-problems-in-english-for-hospit-bca48635.pdf
Gufron, G. P., & Azmin, A. (2022). The use of authentic materials in online English teaching: From the learners’ perspective. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i1.26504
Hafner, C. A., & Pun, J. (2020). Editorial: Introduction to this special issue: English for academic and professional purposes in the digital era. RELC Journal, 51(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220917472
Ho, Y.-Y. C. (2020). Communicative language teaching and English as a foreign language undergraduates’ communicative competence in Tourism English. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27(100271), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100271
Hutchinson, T., & Water, A. (1987). English for specific purposes. Cambridge University Press.
Jasrial, D., & Zaim, M. (2023). Constructivism for English language teaching in the 21st century in the Indonesian context: Library research. Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics, 7(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.32663/edu-ling.v7i1.4237
Karmaker, P. R., & Hasan, R. Al. (2025). Graduates’ English communicative skills and professional success: Perspectives from universities and industry stakeholders in Bangladesh. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 9(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.9.1.110-127
Long, M. H. (2005). Second language needs analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Mandarsari, P. (2023). Online authentic materials in teaching English for EFL students. IJRETAL: International Journal of Research on English Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 65–78.
Martina, F., Mustofa, M. I., Jasrial, D., Rahmawati, L., & Rakhmanina, L. (2025). Infusing Islamic values into reading module for Islamic Senior High School students. International Journal of Language Pedagogy, 5(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.24036/ijolp.v5i1.105
Muslem, A., Sahardin, R., Heriansyah, H., Fata, I. A., Djalaluddin, Y., & Hankinson, E. (2022). YouTube teaching materials with peer support to improve students’ mastery of subject content learning. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(2), 651–666. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i2.25236
Nunan, D. (2004). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Nunan, David. (2004). Task-based language teaching: A comprehensively revised edition of designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Nurhamsih, Y., & Syahrial, S. (2018). Evaluation of English teaching materials used at a vocational high school based on cunningsworth’s checklist. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature), 1(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v3i2.6830
Prabowo, B. A., & Saptiany, S. G. (2024). Communication challenges in the hospitality business: Analysis of students’ strategies in learning English at STIEPARI Semarang. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 20(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.33633/lite.v20i1.10216
Prima, S. (2022). A study of perception of the importance of English language skills among Indonesian hotel employees. J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic, 9(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2022.vol9(1).8972
Puspitasari, I. (2018). Developing English for tourism materials trough stakeholders needs analysis. English Review: Journal of English Education, 7(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v7i1.1534
Putra, F. K. K., Saepudin, & Utami, N. G. M. K. (2022). Preferred competencies for tourism and hospitality graduates: Evidence from longitudinal tracer studies. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(3), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.03.009
Ratnaningsih, P. W., & Clara, C. (2021). The effect of vocabulary towards writing skill with reading skill as moderating effect. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 6(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.13670
Richard, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (2001). Curriculum development in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.59646/methodsengteach/108
Stangl, B., Li, Y., Ma, E., Xu, S., & Alsaied, M. (2024). Transferable skills in tourism and hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research, 109(103854), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103854
Sukmawan, S., Setyowati, L., & El-Sulukiyyah, A. A. (2021). The effect of authentic materials on writing performance across different levels of proficiency. International Journal of Language Education, 5(1), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.26858/IJOLE.V5I1.15286
Trang, T. T. T., & Phuong, V. T. (2023). Needs analysis about intercultural communicative competence among undergraduate tourism students. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2023(September). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-023-10012-1
Usman, H., & Anwar, M. (2021). Integrated language skill approach: Model of teaching materials for elementary school teacher education programs in indonesia. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 656–669. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.19031
Utami, I. L. P., & Widiastuti, I. A. M. S. (2025). Developing a 4C-based English supplementary material: A Balinese tourism vocational school context. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.9.1.40-60
Yasmin, M., Sarkar, M., & Sohail, A. (2016). Exploring English language needs in the Hotel industry in Pakistan: An evaluation of existing teaching material. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 28(4), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2016.1226846
Zachrich, L., Wagner, W., Bertram, C., & Trautwein, U. (2024). Really? It depends! How authentic learning material affects involvement with personal stories of the past. Learning and Instruction, 92(July 2023), 101921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101921