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Abstract
Speaking anxiety refers to feelings of worry, tension, and nervousness related to one’s ability to speak in front of an audience. Class presentations, a common speaking activity in academic settings, often trigger this anxiety among students. This research aims to investigate the levels and factors influencing students’ speaking anxiety during class presentations. To achieve these aims, a mixed-method approach was used. Data were collected through a questionnaire adapted from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) by Horwitz et al. (1986), along with follow-up interviews. The participants were 178 students from the English Education Study Program at the University of Bengkulu. Additionally, five students were interviewed to gain deeper insights into the factors causing anxiety. The results showed that 19 students (10%) were in the “very relaxed” category, 46 students (26%) in the “relaxed,” 65 students (37%) in the “mildly anxious,” 25 students (14%) in the “anxious,” and 23 students (13%) in the “very anxious” category. Most students experienced a mildly anxious level. The study also identified three main factors that significantly contribute to students’ anxiety: communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of evaluation. These findings highlight that speaking anxiety is common among students, especially during class presentations. Also, provide lecturers with valuable insights for developing strategies to help students improve their speaking confidence and performance.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Vania Sugondo Putri, Fernandita Gusweni Jayanti, Adelia Puspa

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References
- Azdillah, V. (n.d.). Students’ anxiety factors in speaking English (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.Language Learning, 8(1), 565–572.
- Ajiza, M., Rahayu, A. P., Rohani, T., & Deswarni, D. (2024). EFL Students’ Anxiety in Speaking English: Factors and Strategies. Journal of English
- Amrina, R. D., Djalili, M. H. A., & Warna, D. (2023). Factors affecting EFL students’ English language anxiety at Pesantren in Palembang. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, 55–65.
- Anggraeny, D., Said, I., & Febriani, R. B. (2020). the Efl Students’ Perception of Their Foreign Language Anxiety in Speaking Class. Jurnal Wahana Pendidikan, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.25157/wa.v7i1.3123
- Budayanti, I. D. A. A., Permana, I. G. Y., & Putra, N. C. A. (2023). Students’anxiety In Speaking English In The Classroom. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 10(2), 108–120.
- Hayadi, A., Azwandi, A., & Harahap, A. (2024). Students’anxiety In Class Presentation Activity At The Postgraduate English Education Study Program Of The University Of Bengkulu. Linguists: Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 9(1), 79–102.
- Horwitz, EK Horwitz, M.B & Cope, J (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. Modern Language Journal,70, 125-132.https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v2i1.379.
- Humaera, I., & Pramustiara, P. (2022). Students’ Anxiety in Speaking in Front of the Class. KnE Social Sciences, 2022, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i8.10732
- Mitha, W. D., Amri, Z., & Narius, D. (2018). An Analysis Of Students’speaking Anxiety Faced By The Fourth Semester Students Of English Education Study Program Of English Department Of Universitas Negeri Padang. Journal of English Language Teaching, 7(3), 465–479.
- Najiha, N., & Sailun, B. (2021). An analysis of students’ speaking anxiety in English classroom at SMAN 2 Siak Hulu. Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 218–229.
- Rao, P. S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal (ACIELJ), 2(2), 6–18.
- Rizkiya, A., & Pratolo, B. W. (2023). Students’strategies To Overcome English Speaking Anxiety. Premise: Journal of English Education and Applied Linguistics, 12(2), 660–679.
- Sam, R. (2024). Factors That Cause EFL Learners’ English-Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study of Cambodian Higher Education Institutions. VietTESOL International Convention Proceedings, 4.
- Sari, D. F., Kasim, U., Zakaria, Z., Yuliana, Y., & Regita, F. (2023). An Analysis of Students’ Speaking Anxiety in Virtual Learning Classroom During the COVID-19. English Education Journal, 14(1), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.24815/eej.v14i1.30559
- Sulistyowati, T. (2021). Factors causing English speaking anxiety (ESA) in EFL context: A case study among post-graduate students in Indonesia. Applied Research in English Education, 1(1), 37–45. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/AREE
- Sutarsyah, C. (2017). An analysis of student’s speaking anxiety and its effect on speaking performance. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 1(2), 143–152.
- Taqwa, K., Hidayat, D. N., Anasy, Z., Syafii, M., & Adrefiza. (2022). An analysis of students’ speaking anxiety in EFL classroom: A mixed-method study. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(5), 6635–6645. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i5.2999
- Vicontie, C., Ayuningtyas, H., & Setiawan, W. (2021). Strategies and factors influencing speaking anxiety perceived by parallel students at Esa Unggul University. Seminar Nasional Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Multi Disiplin, 4.
References
Azdillah, V. (n.d.). Students’ anxiety factors in speaking English (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.Language Learning, 8(1), 565–572.
Ajiza, M., Rahayu, A. P., Rohani, T., & Deswarni, D. (2024). EFL Students’ Anxiety in Speaking English: Factors and Strategies. Journal of English
Amrina, R. D., Djalili, M. H. A., & Warna, D. (2023). Factors affecting EFL students’ English language anxiety at Pesantren in Palembang. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, 55–65.
Anggraeny, D., Said, I., & Febriani, R. B. (2020). the Efl Students’ Perception of Their Foreign Language Anxiety in Speaking Class. Jurnal Wahana Pendidikan, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.25157/wa.v7i1.3123
Budayanti, I. D. A. A., Permana, I. G. Y., & Putra, N. C. A. (2023). Students’anxiety In Speaking English In The Classroom. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 10(2), 108–120.
Hayadi, A., Azwandi, A., & Harahap, A. (2024). Students’anxiety In Class Presentation Activity At The Postgraduate English Education Study Program Of The University Of Bengkulu. Linguists: Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 9(1), 79–102.
Horwitz, EK Horwitz, M.B & Cope, J (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. Modern Language Journal,70, 125-132.https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v2i1.379.
Humaera, I., & Pramustiara, P. (2022). Students’ Anxiety in Speaking in Front of the Class. KnE Social Sciences, 2022, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i8.10732
Mitha, W. D., Amri, Z., & Narius, D. (2018). An Analysis Of Students’speaking Anxiety Faced By The Fourth Semester Students Of English Education Study Program Of English Department Of Universitas Negeri Padang. Journal of English Language Teaching, 7(3), 465–479.
Najiha, N., & Sailun, B. (2021). An analysis of students’ speaking anxiety in English classroom at SMAN 2 Siak Hulu. Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 218–229.
Rao, P. S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal (ACIELJ), 2(2), 6–18.
Rizkiya, A., & Pratolo, B. W. (2023). Students’strategies To Overcome English Speaking Anxiety. Premise: Journal of English Education and Applied Linguistics, 12(2), 660–679.
Sam, R. (2024). Factors That Cause EFL Learners’ English-Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study of Cambodian Higher Education Institutions. VietTESOL International Convention Proceedings, 4.
Sari, D. F., Kasim, U., Zakaria, Z., Yuliana, Y., & Regita, F. (2023). An Analysis of Students’ Speaking Anxiety in Virtual Learning Classroom During the COVID-19. English Education Journal, 14(1), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.24815/eej.v14i1.30559
Sulistyowati, T. (2021). Factors causing English speaking anxiety (ESA) in EFL context: A case study among post-graduate students in Indonesia. Applied Research in English Education, 1(1), 37–45. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/AREE
Sutarsyah, C. (2017). An analysis of student’s speaking anxiety and its effect on speaking performance. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 1(2), 143–152.
Taqwa, K., Hidayat, D. N., Anasy, Z., Syafii, M., & Adrefiza. (2022). An analysis of students’ speaking anxiety in EFL classroom: A mixed-method study. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(5), 6635–6645. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i5.2999
Vicontie, C., Ayuningtyas, H., & Setiawan, W. (2021). Strategies and factors influencing speaking anxiety perceived by parallel students at Esa Unggul University. Seminar Nasional Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Multi Disiplin, 4.