Main Article Content
Abstract
Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah kemampuan kognitif yang mendorong siswa untuk mempertimbangkan masalah secara kritis yang Dmembutuhkan kemampuan berpikir induktif termasuk mengidentifikasi hubungan, mengevaluasi situasi terbuka, mencari tahu sebab dan akibat, membuat deduksi, dan menghitung data yang relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul ajar berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel (SPLTV) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Menggunakan metodologi Research and Development (R&D) dengan pendekatan ADDIE, modul ajar ini melalui tahap analisis, desain dan pengembangan. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar validasi oleh ahli media dan materi, serta kuesioner kepraktisan untuk guru dan siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan skala Likert untuk mengukur validitas dan kepraktisan modul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul ajar matematika dengan PBL yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Keberhasilan penelitian ini didukung oleh pendekatan kontekstual yang meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Dampak penelitian ini terhadap pembelajaran matematika adalah peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi SPLTV dan kemampuan berpikir kritis, yang penting untuk menghadapi tantangan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Damayanti Hariri, Iik Nurhikmayati, Nia Kania

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References
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- Adriani, D., Lubis, P., & Triono, M. (2020). Teaching Material Development of Educational Research Methodology with ADDIE Models. Proceedings of the The 3rd International Conference Community Research and Service Engagements, IC2RSE 2019, 4th December 2019, North Sumatra, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-12-2019.2293793
- Amrilizia, N., Habiddin, H., & Marsuki, M. F. (2022). Improving students’ critical thinking skills using e-modules-contextual teaching and learning (CTL) on the interaction of living organisms with their environment. Journal of Disruptive Learning Innovation (JODLI), 3(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.17977/um072v3i22022p65-82
- Andi Rustandi, & Rismayanti. (2021). Penerapan Model ADDIE dalam Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran di SMPN 22 Kota Samarinda. JURNAL FASILKOM, 11(2), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.37859/jf.v11i2.2546
- Ardianti, R., Sujarwanto, E., & Surahman, E. (2022). Problem-based Learning: Apa dan Bagaimana. DIFFRACTION, 3(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.37058/diffraction.v3i1.4416
- Arianti, A. (2019). Urgensi Lingkungan Belajar Yang Kondusif Dalam Mendorong Siswa Belajar Aktif. DIDAKTIKA, 11(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.30863/didaktika.v11i1.161
- Dinelti Fitria, Lufri, Ali Imran, & Yuni Ahda. (2022). Studi Literature Model Problem Based Learning. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 1(6). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v1i6.177
- Djawa, Y. L., Taunu, E. S. H., Wulandari, M. R., Nuhamara, Y. T. I., Bima, S. A., & Ndakularak, I. L. (2022). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Operasi Himpunan. Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.37478/jpm.v3i1.1483
- Fitriani, F., & Kowiyah. (2022). Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills for The Third Grade Elementary School Students on Fractions Material. MIMBAR PGSD Undiksha, 10(3), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v10i3.48741
- Handayani, E. (2021). Analisis Proses Berpikir Kritis Matematis Dan Kecerdasan Logis Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif. Universitas Siliwangi.
- Hasanah, S. N., Sunarno, W., & Prayitno, B. A. (2021). Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Trough Contextual Teaching and Learning Science Module. JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika), 6(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v6i2.1828
- Jaganathan, S., Bhuminathan, S., & Ramesh, M. (2024). Problem-Based Learning – An Overview. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 16(Suppl 2), S1435–S1437. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_820_23
- Jamil, N. A., Setiani, A., & Balkist, P. S. (2024). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Matematika Berdiferensiasi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika.
- Kania, N., Fitriani, C., & Bonyah, E. (2023). Analysis of Students’ Critical Thinking SkillsBased on Prior Knowledge Mathematics. International Journal Of Contemporary Studies In Education.
- Kasi, R. (2023). Pembelajaran Aktif: Mendorong Partisipasi Siswa.
- Khair, A. N. (2024). Efektivitas Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dalam Mengasah Keterampilan Kolaborasi dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Proses Pembelajaran Terhadap Siswa Kelas X.4 di SMA Negeri 9 Gowa. In Nahdatul Khair (Vol. 6, Issue 3).
- Kusumawati, I. T., Soebagyo, J., & Nuriadin, I. (2022). Literature Study of Critical Thinking Ability with the Application of the PBL Model in the Constructivism Theory Approach. JURNAH MathEdu.
- Musaad, F., & Suparman, S. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning Untuk Memacu Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Abad-21. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(3), 3162. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i3.6119
- Nesri, F. D. P., & Kristanto, Y. D. (2020). Pengembangan Modul Ajar Berbantuan Teknologi untuk Mengembangkan Kecakapan Abad 21 Siswa. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(3), 480. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i3.2925
- Novianti, N., Zaiyar, M. Z., Khaulah, S., Fitri, H., & Jannah, R. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 7(3), 2369. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i3.5370
- Nurhikmayati, I., & Jatisunda, M. G. (2019). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Scientific yang Berorientasi pada Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika.
- Pakpahan, G. M. Br., Aziz, T. A., & Ambarwati, L. (2023). Identification of critical thinking skills in mathematics students of class VIII SMPN 61 West Jakarta. Math Didactic: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v9i1.2102
- Pangestika, W. A., & Faiziyah, N. (2022). Students’ Mathematics Power Viewed From The Student’s Critical Thinking Skills. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(3), 1897. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i3.5322
- Pranata, A. H., Saputro, B. A., & Handayani, A. (2023). Pengembangan Modul Ajar Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 9(2), 971–983. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i2.778
- Pyarsha, D. H., & Munandar, D. R. (2021). Analisis Minat Belajar Siswa Sma Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel. SIGMA, 6(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.36513/sigma.v6i2.1013
- Rani, L., & Maarif, S. (2021). Development E-Module Three Variables Linear Equations System Based On Mathematic Communication. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 5(2), 377. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v5i2.1707
- Retnowati, S., Riyadi, & Subanti, S. (2020). The Stem Approach: The Development Of Rectangular Module To Improve Critical Thinking Skill. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET).
- Salampessy, Y. M., & Suparman. (2020). Design of Probability Module Based on PBL Learning Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research .
- Samsudin, M. R., Sulaiman, R., Guan, T. T., Yusof, A. M., & Yaacob, M. F. C. (2021). Mobile Application Development Trough ADDIE Model. Human Resource Management Academic Research Society .
- Santoso, E., Sugiyanti, & Siska Pramasdyah Sari, A. S. P. (2023). Pengembangan E-modul Berbasis Problem based learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Materi Statistika. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2), 192–212.
- Siahaan, Y. L. O., & Meilani, R. I. (2019). Sistem Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru Tidak Tetap di Sebuah SMK Swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 4(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008
- Syafril, S., Aini, N. R., Netriwati, Pahrudin, A., Yaumas, N. E., & Engkizar. (2020). Spirit of Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills (CTS). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1467(1), 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1467/1/012069
- Ulfaini, R., & Permatasari, D. (2022). Integrating Contextual Approach and Islamic Values in Three-Variable Linear Equations System Module. Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 5(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21274/jtm.2022.5.1.1-16
- Utami, H. B. (2022). Pentingnya Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Dunia Pendidikan Matematika. J-PiMat : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 4(2), 529–538. https://doi.org/10.31932/j-pimat.v4i2.2025
- Zahro, U. A., & Safari, Y. (2024). Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Menggunakan Media Berhitung Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Karimah Tauhid, 3(9), 9955–9968. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i9.14701
- Zumbach, J., & Prescher, C. (2022). Problem-Based Learning and Case-Based Learning (pp. 1–20). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26248-8_58-1
References
Ade, W., Hulukati, E., & Zakiyah, S. (2022). Deskripsi Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah Limboto Barat. Jambura Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.34312/jmathedu.v3i1.13282
Adriani, D., Lubis, P., & Triono, M. (2020). Teaching Material Development of Educational Research Methodology with ADDIE Models. Proceedings of the The 3rd International Conference Community Research and Service Engagements, IC2RSE 2019, 4th December 2019, North Sumatra, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-12-2019.2293793
Amrilizia, N., Habiddin, H., & Marsuki, M. F. (2022). Improving students’ critical thinking skills using e-modules-contextual teaching and learning (CTL) on the interaction of living organisms with their environment. Journal of Disruptive Learning Innovation (JODLI), 3(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.17977/um072v3i22022p65-82
Andi Rustandi, & Rismayanti. (2021). Penerapan Model ADDIE dalam Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran di SMPN 22 Kota Samarinda. JURNAL FASILKOM, 11(2), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.37859/jf.v11i2.2546
Ardianti, R., Sujarwanto, E., & Surahman, E. (2022). Problem-based Learning: Apa dan Bagaimana. DIFFRACTION, 3(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.37058/diffraction.v3i1.4416
Arianti, A. (2019). Urgensi Lingkungan Belajar Yang Kondusif Dalam Mendorong Siswa Belajar Aktif. DIDAKTIKA, 11(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.30863/didaktika.v11i1.161
Dinelti Fitria, Lufri, Ali Imran, & Yuni Ahda. (2022). Studi Literature Model Problem Based Learning. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 1(6). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v1i6.177
Djawa, Y. L., Taunu, E. S. H., Wulandari, M. R., Nuhamara, Y. T. I., Bima, S. A., & Ndakularak, I. L. (2022). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Operasi Himpunan. Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.37478/jpm.v3i1.1483
Fitriani, F., & Kowiyah. (2022). Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills for The Third Grade Elementary School Students on Fractions Material. MIMBAR PGSD Undiksha, 10(3), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v10i3.48741
Handayani, E. (2021). Analisis Proses Berpikir Kritis Matematis Dan Kecerdasan Logis Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif. Universitas Siliwangi.
Hasanah, S. N., Sunarno, W., & Prayitno, B. A. (2021). Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Trough Contextual Teaching and Learning Science Module. JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika), 6(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v6i2.1828
Jaganathan, S., Bhuminathan, S., & Ramesh, M. (2024). Problem-Based Learning – An Overview. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 16(Suppl 2), S1435–S1437. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_820_23
Jamil, N. A., Setiani, A., & Balkist, P. S. (2024). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Matematika Berdiferensiasi untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika.
Kania, N., Fitriani, C., & Bonyah, E. (2023). Analysis of Students’ Critical Thinking SkillsBased on Prior Knowledge Mathematics. International Journal Of Contemporary Studies In Education.
Kasi, R. (2023). Pembelajaran Aktif: Mendorong Partisipasi Siswa.
Khair, A. N. (2024). Efektivitas Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dalam Mengasah Keterampilan Kolaborasi dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Proses Pembelajaran Terhadap Siswa Kelas X.4 di SMA Negeri 9 Gowa. In Nahdatul Khair (Vol. 6, Issue 3).
Kusumawati, I. T., Soebagyo, J., & Nuriadin, I. (2022). Literature Study of Critical Thinking Ability with the Application of the PBL Model in the Constructivism Theory Approach. JURNAH MathEdu.
Musaad, F., & Suparman, S. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning Untuk Memacu Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Abad-21. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(3), 3162. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i3.6119
Nesri, F. D. P., & Kristanto, Y. D. (2020). Pengembangan Modul Ajar Berbantuan Teknologi untuk Mengembangkan Kecakapan Abad 21 Siswa. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(3), 480. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i3.2925
Novianti, N., Zaiyar, M. Z., Khaulah, S., Fitri, H., & Jannah, R. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 7(3), 2369. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i3.5370
Nurhikmayati, I., & Jatisunda, M. G. (2019). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Scientific yang Berorientasi pada Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika.
Pakpahan, G. M. Br., Aziz, T. A., & Ambarwati, L. (2023). Identification of critical thinking skills in mathematics students of class VIII SMPN 61 West Jakarta. Math Didactic: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v9i1.2102
Pangestika, W. A., & Faiziyah, N. (2022). Students’ Mathematics Power Viewed From The Student’s Critical Thinking Skills. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(3), 1897. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i3.5322
Pranata, A. H., Saputro, B. A., & Handayani, A. (2023). Pengembangan Modul Ajar Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 9(2), 971–983. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i2.778
Pyarsha, D. H., & Munandar, D. R. (2021). Analisis Minat Belajar Siswa Sma Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel. SIGMA, 6(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.36513/sigma.v6i2.1013
Rani, L., & Maarif, S. (2021). Development E-Module Three Variables Linear Equations System Based On Mathematic Communication. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 5(2), 377. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v5i2.1707
Retnowati, S., Riyadi, & Subanti, S. (2020). The Stem Approach: The Development Of Rectangular Module To Improve Critical Thinking Skill. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET).
Salampessy, Y. M., & Suparman. (2020). Design of Probability Module Based on PBL Learning Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research .
Samsudin, M. R., Sulaiman, R., Guan, T. T., Yusof, A. M., & Yaacob, M. F. C. (2021). Mobile Application Development Trough ADDIE Model. Human Resource Management Academic Research Society .
Santoso, E., Sugiyanti, & Siska Pramasdyah Sari, A. S. P. (2023). Pengembangan E-modul Berbasis Problem based learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Materi Statistika. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2), 192–212.
Siahaan, Y. L. O., & Meilani, R. I. (2019). Sistem Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru Tidak Tetap di Sebuah SMK Swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 4(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i2.18008
Syafril, S., Aini, N. R., Netriwati, Pahrudin, A., Yaumas, N. E., & Engkizar. (2020). Spirit of Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills (CTS). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1467(1), 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1467/1/012069
Ulfaini, R., & Permatasari, D. (2022). Integrating Contextual Approach and Islamic Values in Three-Variable Linear Equations System Module. Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 5(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21274/jtm.2022.5.1.1-16
Utami, H. B. (2022). Pentingnya Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Dunia Pendidikan Matematika. J-PiMat : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 4(2), 529–538. https://doi.org/10.31932/j-pimat.v4i2.2025
Zahro, U. A., & Safari, Y. (2024). Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Menggunakan Media Berhitung Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Karimah Tauhid, 3(9), 9955–9968. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i9.14701
Zumbach, J., & Prescher, C. (2022). Problem-Based Learning and Case-Based Learning (pp. 1–20). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26248-8_58-1