Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the different levels of dietary protein and lysine supplementation on femur bone strength of Indonesian indigenous chickens at 12 weeks of age. The experimental materials used were DOC, without sex differentiation, reared up to 12 weeks of age. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used, with each treatment having four replicates and 10 chickens per experimental unit. The treatments applied were: P1L1 (17% protein + 0.6% lysine), P1L2 (17% protein + 0.7% lysine), P1L3 (17% protein + 0.8% lysine), P2L1 (14% protein + 0.6% lysine), P2L2 (14% protein + 0.7% lysine), and P2L3 (14% protein + 0.8% lysine). The experimental period started from the first day of observation to 12 weeks. Measured parameter: The main measured parameter was the femur bone strength after 12 weeks using an Electric Tensile Tester (Hun Ta Instruments CO. LTD, HT 8346). Also, histological examination of femur bones was conducted through a Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM at 100x. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and when there was a significant difference, Duncan's Multiple Range Test was conducted at a 5% significance level. No significant interaction was recorded between protein and lysine levels on femur bone strength at 12 weeks because P > 0.05. Conclusively, therefore, both dietary protein levels and lysine supplementation have no significant effect on bone strength in the finisher phase of growth.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Akhmat Rizkuna, Novemia Fatmarischa, I Putu Gede Didik Widiarta, Amani Aldiyanti

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References
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References
Baldassarre, H., M. Marzoni, and M. Santoro. 2020. Effects of dietary lysine levels on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 99(12): 6453-6461.
Baranova, D., L. Pesek, and J. Saly. 2008. Mechanical properties of bones. Folia Veterinaria 52(4): 168-17.
Baranova, T. S., V. V. Dunaev, and Y. S. Leontyeva. 2018. The effect of calcium and phosphorus ratio on the bone strength of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31(4): 577-584. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0662
Belloir, P., B. Méda, and W. Lambert. 2017. Amino Acid requirements for poultry: updating from growth to health. Animal Feed Science and Technology 234: 1-10.
Cahaner, A., and M. Leven. 2021. Nutritional strategies for poultry to improve bone health: Current practices and future challenges. Animal Nutrition 7(2):501-512.
FAO. 2019. Sustainable livestock: The role of livestock in sustainable development. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Hilliar, M., A. Hernandez, Y. Akter, and N. Morgan. 2019. Lysine supplementation for improved bone strength in poultry. Journal of Poultry Science 56(2): 145-151.
Hu, Y., Z. Zhu, and L. Huang. 2019. Dietary protein level affects bone metabolism in broilers: a review. Poultry Science 98(9): 4130-4138.
Leeson, S., and J. D. Summers. 2001. Nutrition of the Chicken. 4th Edition. University Books.
Li, Y., Y. Zhang, and Y. Xu. 2021. Protein source and lysine level in broiler diets: Effects on bone strength. Poultry Science 100(6): 100679.
Nubatonis, A., dan V. L. Charles. 2021. The most balance composition of calcium phosphorus in the feed to support growth performance and tibia profile of broiler chicken strain CP 707. Livestock and Animal Research 19(2): 139-148.
Rabelo, C. B., N. K. Sakomura, and J. B. K. Fernandes. 2018. Adaptation of nutritional needs in broilers at different growth stages. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 20(1): 37-44.
Rahman, M. M., A. Nahar, and M. S. Parvin. 2022. Calcium and phosphorus levels in poultry diets: implications for bone health. Journal of Applied Animal Research 50(1): 455-462.
Rath, N. C., and M. Kahn. 2020. Nutritional management for optimal bone health in poultry: A review. Poultry Science 99(7): 3348-3358.
Rath,N.C., G.R. Huff, W.E. Huff, and J.M. Balog. 2000. Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry. J. Poult. Sci. 79:1024-1032.
Rojas, M., D. Moreno, and A. López. 2018. The impact of nutritional management on poultry welfare and productivity. Animal Welfare 27(3): 355-364.
Saputro, C., N. Suthama, dan Bambang S. 2019. Pertumbuhan tulang ayam broiler diberi ransum dengan protein dan kalsium mikropartikel ditambah Lactobacillus acidophilus atau asam sitrat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Interpreneurship. Semarang.
Sari, R., Y. Mulyani, and M. Fauzi. 2020. The effect of dietary protein levels on bone development of native chickens. Animal Science Journal 91(7): 13447.
Setyaningrum, L., and A. Harijadi. 2009. Analysis of bone strength in Kedu chickens. Animal Production Science 49(7): 658-664.
Setyaningrum, S., H. I. Wahyuni dan B. Sukamto. 2009. Pemanfaatan kalsium kapur dan kulit kerang untuk pembentukan cangkang dan mobilisasi kalsium tulang pada ayam kedu. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner: 674-681.
Singh, K. P., P. Ahlawat, and R. Ranjan. 2020. Nutritional interventions for improving bone health in poultry. Veterinary World 13(7): 1355-1360.
Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Widodo, T., R. M. Sari, and E. Hartono. 2019. Nutritional strategies to improve bone health in indigenous chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 61(1): 25-32.
Wu, G. 2014. Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Nutrition. CRC Press.
Wu, X., F. Xu, and Z. Zhang. 2018. The effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on bone health in poultry. Poultry Science 97(6): 2117-2124.
Zhang, H., D. Li, and H. Zhang. 2021. The role of protein intake in the development of skeletal strength in poultry: A review. Journal of Poultry Science 58(3): 227-235.
Zhang, L., H. Liu, and J. Zhang. 2020. Bone health in poultry: The role of dietary factors and management practices. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7: 99