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Submitted
September 16, 2025
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October 15, 2025
Published
November 25, 2025
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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) on changes in the proximate composition of palm oil solids during the fermentation process. The study design used EM4 treatments with different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% stored for 14 days. The parameters observed included moisture, ash, protein, fat, and crude fiber content. The results showed that moisture and ash content tended to decrease with increasing EM4 concentration and fermentation time. Protein content decreased significantly in the EM4 treatment compared to the control, indicating the utilization of organic nitrogen by microorganisms. Conversely, fat content increased in the 1.5% EM4 treatment, presumably due to the activity of lipolytic enzymes and microbial lipid biosynthesis. Crude fiber content showed a decreasing trend in the EM4 treatment, reflecting the degradation of cellulose and lignin by cellulolytic enzymes. Overall, the addition of EM4 can improve the nutritional quality of palm oil solids by reducing crude fiber and complex proteins and increasing the fat fraction at certain concentrations, so it has the potential to be used as an alternative feed ingredient for poultry

Keywords

EM4 Fermentation Feed Palm Oil Solids

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Copyright (c) 2025 Kade Wahyu Saputri, Nur’aini Nur’aini, Nining Suningsih, Muhammad Hakim

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