Main Article Content
Abstract
The internationalization of curriculum is an integration of the application of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in recent years. This research aims to investigate the implications of internationalizing the curriculum through the implementation of English as Medium of Instructions (EMI) in international classes for Bengkulu University law students. The participants in this research were 2nd and 4th semester Law students who had joined the International class program with a total of 28 participants. This research uses a qualitative methodology design with the instruments used, namely a questionnaire using a Likert scale and interviews. The results show that students have positive perceptions and tendencies towards the application of EMI in international classes. However, there are several weaknesses and challenges faced, such as competency in language use and English proficiency certification. The implication is that the International Class Program as a means of implementing EMI in the learning process must follow international curriculum standards that are appropriate by paying attention to many aspects, including the abilities of students, teachers, stakeholders and program management. Therefore, in conclusion, the application of EMI has a positive effect and is highly recommended for all types of scientific disciplines by paying attention to international standard curriculum implementation standards.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Irene Riskiana Vionauli Sinaga, Ira Maisarah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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References
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- Belhiah, H., & Elhami, M. (2015). English as a medium of instruction in the Gulf: When students and teachers speak. Language Policy, 14(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-014-9336-9
- Brock-Utne, B. (2010). English as the Language of Instruction or Destruction – How Do Teachers and Students in Tanzania Cope? In Brock-Utne, B., et al (eds.) Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa - Highlights from a Project. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. pp77-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789460912221_007
- Clegg, J., & Simpson, J. (2016). Improving the effectiveness of English as a medium of instruction in subSaharan Africa. Comparative Education, 52(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122151-7
- Chung, I. S., & Choi, H. C. (2022). Understanding International Students’ Learning Experiences of English as a Medium of Instruction Courses. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 8(4), 639–645. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.4.639
- Dafouz, E., & Smit, U. (2020). ROAD-MAPPING English medium education in the internationalised university. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dearden, J. (2015). English as a medium of instruction - a growing global phenomenon. British Council
- DeCuir, E. (2017). Internationalizing Teacher Education in the United States: A Teacher Educator’s Journey from Conceptualization to Implementation. International Research and Review: Journal of Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars, 6(2), 32–50. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1159918.pdf
- Dang, S. (2023). Multilingual practice and multilingual selves: A mixed-method study of EMI international students in Japan. Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v6n2.1001
- Early, M., & Norton, B. (2014). Revisiting English as medium of instruction in rural African classrooms. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35 (7), 674–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.908890
- Fakhrutdinova, A.V., Ziganshina, M.R., Mendelson, V.A., Chumarova, L.G. (2020). Pedagogical competence of the high school teacher. Int. J. High. Educ. 2020, 9, 84. [CrossRef]
- Ghorbani (2020). Feasibility of Introducing English as a Partial Medium of Instruction in Iranian Senior High Schools. Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning, 12(2), 292-320. https://10.5294/laclil.2019.12.2.5
- Gundsambuu, S. (2019). Internationalization and English as a medium of instruction in Mongolian higher education: A new concept. Journal of Language and Education, 5(2), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.8481
- Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2021). English medium instruction and the English language practitioner. ELT Journal, 75(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa063
- Ji, Y. (2020). Embedding and facilitating intercultural competence development in internationalization of the curriculum of higher education. J. Curric. Teach. 2020, 9, 13. [CrossRef]
- Kuchah, K. (2016). English-medium instruction in an English–French bilingual setting: issues of quality and equity in Cameroon. Comparative education, 52(3), 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2016.1185257
- Kirkpatrick, A. (2017). The language of higher education in East and Southeast Asia: Will EMI lead to Englishisation? In B. Fenton-Smith, P. Humphreys, & I. Walkinshaw (Eds.), English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific (pp. 21–36). Springer.
- Milligan, L. O., Clegg, J., & Tikly, L. (2016). Exploring the potential for language supportive learning in English medium instruction: a Rwandan case study. Comparative education, 52(3), 328-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2016.1185258
- Navarro, M., & Edwards, M. C. (2008). Priorities for undergraduate education and the inclusion of internationalized curriculum in colleges of agriculture: Interpreting the “comparison dilemma". Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(4), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.04072
- Niehaus, E., & Williams, L. (2016). Faculty Transformation in Curriculum Transformation: The Role of Faculty Development in Campus Internationalization. Innovative Higher Education, 41(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-015-9334-7
- Owu-Ewie, C., & Eshun, E. S. (2015). The use of English as medium of instruction at the Upper Basic Level (Primary four to Junior High school) in Ghana: From theory to practice. Journal of Education and practice, 6(3), 72-82
- Paulsrud, B. Y. (2016). English-medium instruction in Sweden: Perspectives and practices in two upper secondary schools. Journal of Immersion and Content Based Language Education, 4(1), 108-128.
- Pearson, P. (2014). Policy without a plan: English as a medium of instruction in Rwanda. Current Issues in Language Planning, 15(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2013.857286
- Roberts, T. G., Rodriguez, M. T., Gouldthorpe, J. L., Stedman, N. L., Harder, A., & Hartmann, M. (2016). Exploring Outcomes Two Years after an International Faculty Abroad Experience. Journal of Agricultural Education, 57(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.01030
- Rogier, D. (2012). The effects of English-medium instructions on language proficiency of students in higher education in the UAE. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Exeter, U.K.
- Schuerholz-Lehr, S. (2007). Teaching for global literacy in higher education: How prepared are the educators? Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(2), 180-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307299419
- Sahan, K., Galloway, N., & McKinley, J. (2021). ‘English-only’ English medium instruction: Mixed views in Thai and Vietnamese higher education. Language Teaching Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211072632
- Sah, P. K., & Li, G. (2018). English Medium Instruction (EMI) as linguistic capital in Nepal: Promises and realities. International Multilingual Research Journal, 12(2), 109-123
- Sá, M. J., & Serpa, S. (2020). Cultural dimension in internationalization of the curriculum in higher education. Education Sciences, 10(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120375
- Trudell, B. (2016). Language choice and education quality in Eastern and Southern Africa: A review. Comparative Education, 52(3), 281-293.
- Urban, E., Navarro, M., & Borron, A. (2017). Long-term Impacts of a Faculty Development Program for the Internationalization of Curriculum in Higher Education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.03219
- West, C. (2009). Internationalization of Teacher Education: Three Case Studies. Retrieved from https://www.nafsa.org/uploadedFiles/NAFSA_Home/Resource_Library_Assets/Publications_Library/InterTeacherEducation3CaseStudies. pdf.
- Yeh, C.-C. (2014). Taiwanese students’ experiences and attitudes towards English-medium courses in tertiary
- Zayed, J. (2020). Internationalization vs. Globalization: What Can the Arab EFL Teachers Do to Assure Quality in Education? International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(1), 14–23.
References
Al-Agtash, S., & Khadra, L. (2019). Internationalization context of Arabia higher education. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(2), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n2p68
Belhiah, H., & Elhami, M. (2015). English as a medium of instruction in the Gulf: When students and teachers speak. Language Policy, 14(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-014-9336-9
Brock-Utne, B. (2010). English as the Language of Instruction or Destruction – How Do Teachers and Students in Tanzania Cope? In Brock-Utne, B., et al (eds.) Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa - Highlights from a Project. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. pp77-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789460912221_007
Clegg, J., & Simpson, J. (2016). Improving the effectiveness of English as a medium of instruction in subSaharan Africa. Comparative Education, 52(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122151-7
Chung, I. S., & Choi, H. C. (2022). Understanding International Students’ Learning Experiences of English as a Medium of Instruction Courses. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 8(4), 639–645. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.4.639
Dafouz, E., & Smit, U. (2020). ROAD-MAPPING English medium education in the internationalised university. Palgrave Macmillan.
Dearden, J. (2015). English as a medium of instruction - a growing global phenomenon. British Council
DeCuir, E. (2017). Internationalizing Teacher Education in the United States: A Teacher Educator’s Journey from Conceptualization to Implementation. International Research and Review: Journal of Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars, 6(2), 32–50. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1159918.pdf
Dang, S. (2023). Multilingual practice and multilingual selves: A mixed-method study of EMI international students in Japan. Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v6n2.1001
Early, M., & Norton, B. (2014). Revisiting English as medium of instruction in rural African classrooms. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35 (7), 674–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.908890
Fakhrutdinova, A.V., Ziganshina, M.R., Mendelson, V.A., Chumarova, L.G. (2020). Pedagogical competence of the high school teacher. Int. J. High. Educ. 2020, 9, 84. [CrossRef]
Ghorbani (2020). Feasibility of Introducing English as a Partial Medium of Instruction in Iranian Senior High Schools. Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning, 12(2), 292-320. https://10.5294/laclil.2019.12.2.5
Gundsambuu, S. (2019). Internationalization and English as a medium of instruction in Mongolian higher education: A new concept. Journal of Language and Education, 5(2), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.8481
Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2021). English medium instruction and the English language practitioner. ELT Journal, 75(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa063
Ji, Y. (2020). Embedding and facilitating intercultural competence development in internationalization of the curriculum of higher education. J. Curric. Teach. 2020, 9, 13. [CrossRef]
Kuchah, K. (2016). English-medium instruction in an English–French bilingual setting: issues of quality and equity in Cameroon. Comparative education, 52(3), 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2016.1185257
Kirkpatrick, A. (2017). The language of higher education in East and Southeast Asia: Will EMI lead to Englishisation? In B. Fenton-Smith, P. Humphreys, & I. Walkinshaw (Eds.), English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific (pp. 21–36). Springer.
Milligan, L. O., Clegg, J., & Tikly, L. (2016). Exploring the potential for language supportive learning in English medium instruction: a Rwandan case study. Comparative education, 52(3), 328-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2016.1185258
Navarro, M., & Edwards, M. C. (2008). Priorities for undergraduate education and the inclusion of internationalized curriculum in colleges of agriculture: Interpreting the “comparison dilemma". Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(4), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2008.04072
Niehaus, E., & Williams, L. (2016). Faculty Transformation in Curriculum Transformation: The Role of Faculty Development in Campus Internationalization. Innovative Higher Education, 41(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-015-9334-7
Owu-Ewie, C., & Eshun, E. S. (2015). The use of English as medium of instruction at the Upper Basic Level (Primary four to Junior High school) in Ghana: From theory to practice. Journal of Education and practice, 6(3), 72-82
Paulsrud, B. Y. (2016). English-medium instruction in Sweden: Perspectives and practices in two upper secondary schools. Journal of Immersion and Content Based Language Education, 4(1), 108-128.
Pearson, P. (2014). Policy without a plan: English as a medium of instruction in Rwanda. Current Issues in Language Planning, 15(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2013.857286
Roberts, T. G., Rodriguez, M. T., Gouldthorpe, J. L., Stedman, N. L., Harder, A., & Hartmann, M. (2016). Exploring Outcomes Two Years after an International Faculty Abroad Experience. Journal of Agricultural Education, 57(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2016.01030
Rogier, D. (2012). The effects of English-medium instructions on language proficiency of students in higher education in the UAE. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Exeter, U.K.
Schuerholz-Lehr, S. (2007). Teaching for global literacy in higher education: How prepared are the educators? Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(2), 180-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307299419
Sahan, K., Galloway, N., & McKinley, J. (2021). ‘English-only’ English medium instruction: Mixed views in Thai and Vietnamese higher education. Language Teaching Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211072632
Sah, P. K., & Li, G. (2018). English Medium Instruction (EMI) as linguistic capital in Nepal: Promises and realities. International Multilingual Research Journal, 12(2), 109-123
Sá, M. J., & Serpa, S. (2020). Cultural dimension in internationalization of the curriculum in higher education. Education Sciences, 10(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120375
Trudell, B. (2016). Language choice and education quality in Eastern and Southern Africa: A review. Comparative Education, 52(3), 281-293.
Urban, E., Navarro, M., & Borron, A. (2017). Long-term Impacts of a Faculty Development Program for the Internationalization of Curriculum in Higher Education. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(3), 219–238. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.03219
West, C. (2009). Internationalization of Teacher Education: Three Case Studies. Retrieved from https://www.nafsa.org/uploadedFiles/NAFSA_Home/Resource_Library_Assets/Publications_Library/InterTeacherEducation3CaseStudies. pdf.
Yeh, C.-C. (2014). Taiwanese students’ experiences and attitudes towards English-medium courses in tertiary
Zayed, J. (2020). Internationalization vs. Globalization: What Can the Arab EFL Teachers Do to Assure Quality in Education? International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(1), 14–23.