Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study aims to look into ecological classroom practices adopted by teachers while teaching English language courses at colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study specifically explains how three high school English teachers in the class felt about ecology of language teaching, how they experienced teaching, and how they provided meaning to it. Three high school English teachers’ experiences were recalled through an in-depth phenomenological interview. The results revealed that the need of classroom ecology was not emphasized. The teachers' experiences in the form of narratives, collected, transcribed, coded, thematic analyses and presented in the notion of emerging themes that English language teaching helped to explore the effective classroom ecological practices in detail. The study is expected to contribute in making EFL teaching successful in linguistic landscapes of Nepal.
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References
- Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
- Bellingham, L. (2004). Is there language acquisition after 40? Older learners speak up. In Benson, P., & Nunan, D. (Eds.). Learners’ stories: Differences and diversity in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Brown, H. D. (2004). Language assessment: Principles and classroom practices. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
- Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
- Borrero, N. E. (2006). Promoting academic achievement for bilingual middle school students: Learning strategies for young interpreters. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto.
- Bronfenbren ner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Dorner, L., Orellana, M., & Li-Grining, C. (2007). “I helped my mom and it could help me”: Translating bilingual skills into improved stan- dardized test scores. American
- Edutopia. (2008). Why Teach With Project Learning?: Providing Students With a Well-Rounded Classroom Experience. Retrieved July 12, 2015, from http://www.edutopia.org/project-learning- introduction.
- Fill, A., P. Mühlh€ausler (Eds.). (2001). Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment, Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK.
- Gutiérrez, K. D., & Rogoff, B. (2003). Cultural ways of learning: Individual traits or repertoires of practice. Educational Researcher, 32[$), 19-25.
- Gibson, J.j. (1977) . The theory of affordances. In R. E. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving acting, and knowing (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
- Hickman, R., & Kiss, L. (2013). Investigating cognitive processes within a practical art context: A phenomenological case study focusing on three adolescents. iJADE, 32(1), 97-108.
- Hamilton, S. (1983) . Synthesis of research on the social side of schooling. Educational Leadership, 40, 65-72.
- Harris, R. (1996) . Signs, language, and communication: Integratumal and segregational approaches. New York/London: Roudedge.
- Haugen, E. (1972) The Language Ecology. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
- Hawkins, M. R. (2004). Researching English language and literacy development in schools. Educational Researcher, 33(3) I W25.
- Kumashiro, K. K. (2000). Toward a theory of anti-oppressive education. Review of Educational Research, 70, 25-53.
- Lee, C. D. (2008). The centrality of culture to the scientific study of learning and development: How an ecological framework in educa- tion research facilitates civic responsibility. Educational Researcher, 37, 267—279.
- Mali, Y.C.G. (2015a). Students’ attributions on their English speaking enhancement. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics.4(2), 32-43.
- Mambu, J.E. (2014). Co-constructing an EFL student teacher’s personal experience of teaching practice. K@ta, 16(2), 61-69.
- Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. London: Sage Publications.
- Nieto, S. (2002). Language, culture, and teaching: Critical perspectives%r a new century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Neisser, U. (1987). From direct perception to concep- tual structure. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Corrects end cmceptual dnielopment: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization (pp. 11—24). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Norman, D. (2004) . Affordances and design. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.jnd.org/dn. mss/affordances_and.html
- Orellana, M., & Bowman, P. (2003). Cultural diversity research on learning and development: Conceptual, methodological, and strategic considerations. Educational Researcher, 5£(5), 2G-32.
- Paris, D. (2010). “The second language of the United States”: Youth perspectives on Spanish in a changing multiethnic community. journal ofLanguage, Identity and Education, 9, 139-155
- Richards, J.C. (2015). Key issues in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Stickler, U., & Hampel, R. (2015). Qualitative research in CALL. CALICO Journal, 32(3), 380-395.
- Syafryadin, S., & Haryani, H. (2020). An analysis of English code mixing used in Indonesian magazine. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 8(4), 381-390.
- Tudor, I. (2001). The dynamics of the language cWsr‹x›w Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Van Lier, L. (1988). Classroom and the language merrier: ethnography and second language classroom research. London: Longman.
- Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience. Albany: State University of New York Pres.
- Vest , A.&. Mahoney, E.L.(2017). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Out-of- School Learning Ecological Systems Theory.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
References
Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Bellingham, L. (2004). Is there language acquisition after 40? Older learners speak up. In Benson, P., & Nunan, D. (Eds.). Learners’ stories: Differences and diversity in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, H. D. (2004). Language assessment: Principles and classroom practices. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown, H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Borrero, N. E. (2006). Promoting academic achievement for bilingual middle school students: Learning strategies for young interpreters. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto.
Bronfenbren ner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications, Inc.
Dorner, L., Orellana, M., & Li-Grining, C. (2007). “I helped my mom and it could help me”: Translating bilingual skills into improved stan- dardized test scores. American
Edutopia. (2008). Why Teach With Project Learning?: Providing Students With a Well-Rounded Classroom Experience. Retrieved July 12, 2015, from http://www.edutopia.org/project-learning- introduction.
Fill, A., P. Mühlh€ausler (Eds.). (2001). Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment, Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK.
Gutiérrez, K. D., & Rogoff, B. (2003). Cultural ways of learning: Individual traits or repertoires of practice. Educational Researcher, 32[$), 19-25.
Gibson, J.j. (1977) . The theory of affordances. In R. E. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving acting, and knowing (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
Hickman, R., & Kiss, L. (2013). Investigating cognitive processes within a practical art context: A phenomenological case study focusing on three adolescents. iJADE, 32(1), 97-108.
Hamilton, S. (1983) . Synthesis of research on the social side of schooling. Educational Leadership, 40, 65-72.
Harris, R. (1996) . Signs, language, and communication: Integratumal and segregational approaches. New York/London: Roudedge.
Haugen, E. (1972) The Language Ecology. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Hawkins, M. R. (2004). Researching English language and literacy development in schools. Educational Researcher, 33(3) I W25.
Kumashiro, K. K. (2000). Toward a theory of anti-oppressive education. Review of Educational Research, 70, 25-53.
Lee, C. D. (2008). The centrality of culture to the scientific study of learning and development: How an ecological framework in educa- tion research facilitates civic responsibility. Educational Researcher, 37, 267—279.
Mali, Y.C.G. (2015a). Students’ attributions on their English speaking enhancement. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics.4(2), 32-43.
Mambu, J.E. (2014). Co-constructing an EFL student teacher’s personal experience of teaching practice. K@ta, 16(2), 61-69.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. London: Sage Publications.
Nieto, S. (2002). Language, culture, and teaching: Critical perspectives%r a new century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Neisser, U. (1987). From direct perception to concep- tual structure. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Corrects end cmceptual dnielopment: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization (pp. 11—24). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Norman, D. (2004) . Affordances and design. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.jnd.org/dn. mss/affordances_and.html
Orellana, M., & Bowman, P. (2003). Cultural diversity research on learning and development: Conceptual, methodological, and strategic considerations. Educational Researcher, 5£(5), 2G-32.
Paris, D. (2010). “The second language of the United States”: Youth perspectives on Spanish in a changing multiethnic community. journal ofLanguage, Identity and Education, 9, 139-155
Richards, J.C. (2015). Key issues in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stickler, U., & Hampel, R. (2015). Qualitative research in CALL. CALICO Journal, 32(3), 380-395.
Syafryadin, S., & Haryani, H. (2020). An analysis of English code mixing used in Indonesian magazine. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 8(4), 381-390.
Tudor, I. (2001). The dynamics of the language cWsr‹x›w Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van Lier, L. (1988). Classroom and the language merrier: ethnography and second language classroom research. London: Longman.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience. Albany: State University of New York Pres.
Vest , A.&. Mahoney, E.L.(2017). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Out-of- School Learning Ecological Systems Theory.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.