Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of using Graphic Organizer to students’ writing ability. This research was designed as a quasi-experimental research. The population of this research were all eleventh grade students at SMA N 1 Bengkulu Utara. The sample of this research was chosen by purposive sampling technique, so there were two science classes which consist of 52 students as the sample. Pre-test and post-test were involved as the instrument of this research. The first group was as experimental group taught by graphic organizer technique and the second group was as control group taught by conventional technique. The pre test was given to both experimental and control groups at the beginning, treatments were given in six meetings, and post test given at the end of the term. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. From the calculation, the researcher found that the t-test value was 5.00, the degree of freedom value was 50, and the t-table was 3.49. Since t-test was higher than t-table (5.00 > 3.49), it meant that alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of graphic organizer was effective to students’ writing ability in term of content, organization, and language use.
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References
- Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian (Edisi Revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
- Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in Education (10th edition). USA: Practice Hall.
- Boardman, C. A. (2002). Writing to Communicate: Paragraph and Essay. New York: Longman.
- Brown, H. D. (2003). Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices. California: Pearson Longman.
- Brown, M. (2011). Effects of graphic organizers on students’ achievement in writing process. Online submission to ERIC.
- Cohen, M., and M. Reil. “The Effect of Distance Audience on Students’ Writing”, AmericanEducational Research Journal. Summer 1989.
- Dewi, Arum Puspita. (2013). Using Four-Square Writing Method to Improve Eleventh Graders’ Ability of Writing Hortatory Exposition Text at MAN Kebon Jombang. Universitas Negeri Malang.
- Egan, M. (1999). Reflection on effective use ofgraphic organizers. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42, 641 – 645. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.eiu.edu.2052/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=1798553&site=ehost-live
- Ellis, Edwin. (2004). Q&A: What’s the Big Deal about Graphic Organizers?. Retrieved from www.GraphicOrganizers.com
- Febrianza, Eka Fiddo. (2014). The Use of Graphic Organizer to Improve the Eight Years Students’ Ability in Reading A Descriptive Text at MTs Assyafi’iyah Gondang in Academic Year 2013/2014.
- Febridayani, Rina. (2013). Teaching Writing Hortatory Exposition Text by Combining Mind Maps and Hamburger Strategy at Senior High School. STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.
- Fisher, J. B., & Schumaker, J. B. (1995). Searching for validated inclusive practices: A review of the literature. Focus on Exceptional Children, 28, 1 – 20.
- Graw, Mc. Graphic Organizer Library, Hill Comphanies. Inc Allright Reserved. Coyright © The McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc.
- Griffee, D. T. (2012). An Introduction to Second Language Methods Design and Data. USA: TESL – EJ.
- Harmer. (2004). How to Teach Writing. Essex: Longman Pearson Education Limited.
- Hestri, Suli. (2013). The Effectiveness of Using Picture Series to Improve Students’ Wriitng Ability in Recount Text at the Eight – Grade Students of SMP N 33 Purworejo in the Academic Year of 2011/2012. Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
- ITC. (2014). Fishbone Diagram. ITC Publication.
- Jayanti, F. G. (2014). The Effects of Integrated Reading – Writing Instruction on Students Writing Ability Accross Students’ Cognitive Styles. Universitas Negeri Malang.
- Juitania. (2013). The Effect of Using Four Square Writing Method on Students’ Writing Skill. UNPAK.
- Kajder, S. (2005). Whole-class enquiry: Language Arts. Learning &Leading with Technology, 32, 52-55.
- Kurniawan, Vicko. (2014). Teaching Writing Hortatory Exposition Text by Using STOP and DARE Strategy to Senior High Scholl Students. Universitas Padang.
- Lanchaster, Katie. (2013). Using Graphic Organizers to Teach Writing. Eastern Illinois University.
- Microsoft. (2009). Project planning strategies-fishbone analysis microsoft partner in learning. Microsoft Corporation.
- Miller, S. (2011). Using graphic organizers to increase writing performance. Unpublished MA thesis. State University of New York at Fredonia.
- Noviansari, Dwi. (2014). The Use of Graphic Organizer Method to Teach Narrative Text in Senior High School. Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
- O’Maley, J. M., & Pierce, L. V. 1996.Authentic assessment for English language learner.Boston: Addison-Wesley.
- Santangelo, T. & Olinghouse, N. (2009). Effective writing instruction for students who have writing difficulties. Focus Exceptional Children, 42 (4), 1-2. Retrieved from http:www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-232814482.html
- Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung, Alfabeta.
- Tayib, A.M. (2015). The Effect of Using Graphic Organizers on Writing. A Case Study of Preparatory College Students at Umm-Al-Qura University, 3, 15 – 36.
- Unzueta, C. (2009). The use of computer graphic organizer. Unpublished Phd. Dissertation. Florida International University.
- Weigle, S. C. (2009). Assessing Writing. UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Winda. (2014). Kesalahan Fatal saat Mengajar Bahasa Inggris. Retrieved from http://cepatbisainggris.com/2014/12/03/hindari-kesalahan-fatal-ini-saat-mengajar-bahasa-inggris/
References
Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian (Edisi Revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in Education (10th edition). USA: Practice Hall.
Boardman, C. A. (2002). Writing to Communicate: Paragraph and Essay. New York: Longman.
Brown, H. D. (2003). Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices. California: Pearson Longman.
Brown, M. (2011). Effects of graphic organizers on students’ achievement in writing process. Online submission to ERIC.
Cohen, M., and M. Reil. “The Effect of Distance Audience on Students’ Writing”, AmericanEducational Research Journal. Summer 1989.
Dewi, Arum Puspita. (2013). Using Four-Square Writing Method to Improve Eleventh Graders’ Ability of Writing Hortatory Exposition Text at MAN Kebon Jombang. Universitas Negeri Malang.
Egan, M. (1999). Reflection on effective use ofgraphic organizers. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42, 641 – 645. Retrieved from http://proxy.library.eiu.edu.2052/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=1798553&site=ehost-live
Ellis, Edwin. (2004). Q&A: What’s the Big Deal about Graphic Organizers?. Retrieved from www.GraphicOrganizers.com
Febrianza, Eka Fiddo. (2014). The Use of Graphic Organizer to Improve the Eight Years Students’ Ability in Reading A Descriptive Text at MTs Assyafi’iyah Gondang in Academic Year 2013/2014.
Febridayani, Rina. (2013). Teaching Writing Hortatory Exposition Text by Combining Mind Maps and Hamburger Strategy at Senior High School. STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.
Fisher, J. B., & Schumaker, J. B. (1995). Searching for validated inclusive practices: A review of the literature. Focus on Exceptional Children, 28, 1 – 20.
Graw, Mc. Graphic Organizer Library, Hill Comphanies. Inc Allright Reserved. Coyright © The McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc.
Griffee, D. T. (2012). An Introduction to Second Language Methods Design and Data. USA: TESL – EJ.
Harmer. (2004). How to Teach Writing. Essex: Longman Pearson Education Limited.
Hestri, Suli. (2013). The Effectiveness of Using Picture Series to Improve Students’ Wriitng Ability in Recount Text at the Eight – Grade Students of SMP N 33 Purworejo in the Academic Year of 2011/2012. Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
ITC. (2014). Fishbone Diagram. ITC Publication.
Jayanti, F. G. (2014). The Effects of Integrated Reading – Writing Instruction on Students Writing Ability Accross Students’ Cognitive Styles. Universitas Negeri Malang.
Juitania. (2013). The Effect of Using Four Square Writing Method on Students’ Writing Skill. UNPAK.
Kajder, S. (2005). Whole-class enquiry: Language Arts. Learning &Leading with Technology, 32, 52-55.
Kurniawan, Vicko. (2014). Teaching Writing Hortatory Exposition Text by Using STOP and DARE Strategy to Senior High Scholl Students. Universitas Padang.
Lanchaster, Katie. (2013). Using Graphic Organizers to Teach Writing. Eastern Illinois University.
Microsoft. (2009). Project planning strategies-fishbone analysis microsoft partner in learning. Microsoft Corporation.
Miller, S. (2011). Using graphic organizers to increase writing performance. Unpublished MA thesis. State University of New York at Fredonia.
Noviansari, Dwi. (2014). The Use of Graphic Organizer Method to Teach Narrative Text in Senior High School. Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.
O’Maley, J. M., & Pierce, L. V. 1996.Authentic assessment for English language learner.Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Santangelo, T. & Olinghouse, N. (2009). Effective writing instruction for students who have writing difficulties. Focus Exceptional Children, 42 (4), 1-2. Retrieved from http:www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-232814482.html
Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung, Alfabeta.
Tayib, A.M. (2015). The Effect of Using Graphic Organizers on Writing. A Case Study of Preparatory College Students at Umm-Al-Qura University, 3, 15 – 36.
Unzueta, C. (2009). The use of computer graphic organizer. Unpublished Phd. Dissertation. Florida International University.
Weigle, S. C. (2009). Assessing Writing. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Winda. (2014). Kesalahan Fatal saat Mengajar Bahasa Inggris. Retrieved from http://cepatbisainggris.com/2014/12/03/hindari-kesalahan-fatal-ini-saat-mengajar-bahasa-inggris/