Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to find out the students’ difficulties in making inference in reading narrative passages in making inference in reading narrative passages. The population of this study included the eleventh graders of SMAN 1 Curup, and the students of XI SOS 4, which consisted of 34 students, became the research sample. For the instrument, the researcher used reading test which consisted of 40 questions and questionnaire which consisted of 30 items. The result showed that the students’ overall difficulty in making inference in reading narrative passages belonged to “moderate” category. It was proved by the students’ reading error mean score which was 47.5. The students’ highest difficulty was on inferences about the author’s attitude (5.88%, or “very high”).
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References
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- Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik Edisi VI. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
- Attaprechakul, D. (2013). Inference strategies to improve reading comprehension of challenging texts. English Language Teaching, 6 (3), 82-91.
- Azizmohammadi, F. (2013). Investigating the effect of drawing inferences in EFL learners reading comprehension ability by using recall of short stories.International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 1(4), 155-159.
- Baretta, L., Tomitch, L.L.B., MacNair, N., Lim, V.K.,
- & Waldie, E. (2009). Inferencemaking while reading narrative and expository texts. Psychology &Neuroscience, 2(2), 137 -145.
- Cain, K. (2015). The relations between lower- and higher-level comprehension skills and their role in prediction of early reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(2), 321-
- Cain, K., Oakhill, J.V., Barnes, M.A., & Bryant, P.E. (2001). Comprehension skill, inference making ability, and their relation to knowledge. Memory and Cognition, 29(6), 850-895.
- Clark, C., Osborne, S., & Akerman, R. (2008). Young people’s self-perceptions as readers (An investigation including family, peer, and school influences). London: National Literacy Trust.
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- Davoudi, M. (2005). Inference Generation Skill and
- Text Comprehension. The Reading Matrix, 5 (1),
- , 108.
- Filiatrault, A. (2008). Students’ perception of themselves as readers. Retrieved from http://reflectivepractitioner.pbworks.com/f/Filiatra ult+Capstone.pdf
- Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research (competencies for analysis and application (3rd ed.).Colombus, Toronto, London, Melbourne: Merril Publishing Company.
- Gibson, K. D. (2009). Teachers’ perceptions of strategy based reading instruction for reading comprehension. San Rafael, CA: School of Education Dominican University of California. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ ED505543.pdf
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- -395.
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- Heaton, J. B. (1998). Writing English language tests (new ed). The United States of America: Longman.
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- in philippines. Asia Pasific Journal of Educators and
- Education, 29 (81-94), 83-84.
- Javed, M., Eng, L. S., Mohamed, A. R. (2015).
- Developing reading comprehension modules to facilitate reading comprehension among malaysian secondary school ESL students. International Journal of Instruction, 8 (2), 139-
- Kopitski, M. (2007). Exploring the teaching of inference skills. Minnesota: Hamline University. Retrieved from http://www.google.com.
- White, K. B. (2012). Understanding reading comprehension performance in high school students. Canada: Queen’s University. Retrieved from https://qspace.library. queensu.ca / bitstream
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- _Ph.D.pdf
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- Reading Association.
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- Preszler, J. (2006). On target: Strategies to make readers make meaning through inferences (grade
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- cher_resources/support/Making-Inferences- booklet-On-Target.pdf
- Rocci, K. (2014). Inferences questions in GRE reading comprehension. Retrieved from http://magoosh. com
- Silva, M., & Cain., K. (2015). The relations between lower-and higher-level comprehension skills and their role in prediction of early reading comprehension (higher level language and reading comprehension). Journal of Education Psychology, 107 (2), 321-331.
- Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
- Traves, P. (1994). Teaching English. In Brindley, S (Ed.), New York: Routledge.
- Virtue, S., Haberman, J., Clancy, Z., Parrish, T., & Beeman, M.J. (2006). Neural activity of inferences during story comprehension (Research Report). Elsevier Brain Research, 104-114.
- Yusuf, A. Muri. (2014). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif & penelitian gabungan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Prenadamedia Group. http://www.merriam-webster.com / dictionary / perception.
References
Arianti, N. (2013). Teaching narrative text inference by using directed reading thinking activity (DRTA) strategy. Pontianak: Tanjung Pura University..
Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik Edisi VI. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Attaprechakul, D. (2013). Inference strategies to improve reading comprehension of challenging texts. English Language Teaching, 6 (3), 82-91.
Azizmohammadi, F. (2013). Investigating the effect of drawing inferences in EFL learners reading comprehension ability by using recall of short stories.International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 1(4), 155-159.
Baretta, L., Tomitch, L.L.B., MacNair, N., Lim, V.K.,
& Waldie, E. (2009). Inferencemaking while reading narrative and expository texts. Psychology &Neuroscience, 2(2), 137 -145.
Cain, K. (2015). The relations between lower- and higher-level comprehension skills and their role in prediction of early reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(2), 321-
Cain, K., Oakhill, J.V., Barnes, M.A., & Bryant, P.E. (2001). Comprehension skill, inference making ability, and their relation to knowledge. Memory and Cognition, 29(6), 850-895.
Clark, C., Osborne, S., & Akerman, R. (2008). Young people’s self-perceptions as readers (An investigation including family, peer, and school influences). London: National Literacy Trust.
Creswell, J W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design (Choosing Among Five Approaches). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research (Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research) (3rd ed.).The United States of America:Pearson.
Davoudi, M. (2005). Inference Generation Skill and
Text Comprehension. The Reading Matrix, 5 (1),
, 108.
Filiatrault, A. (2008). Students’ perception of themselves as readers. Retrieved from http://reflectivepractitioner.pbworks.com/f/Filiatra ult+Capstone.pdf
Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research (competencies for analysis and application (3rd ed.).Colombus, Toronto, London, Melbourne: Merril Publishing Company.
Gibson, K. D. (2009). Teachers’ perceptions of strategy based reading instruction for reading comprehension. San Rafael, CA: School of Education Dominican University of California. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ ED505543.pdf
Graeser, A.C., Singer, M., & Trabasso, T. (1994).
Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological Review. 101 (3),
-395.
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002). Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do (epidemilogyseries). The Lancet, (359), 145.
Heaton, J. B. (1998). Writing English language tests (new ed). The United States of America: Longman.
Hill, Robin. (1998). What sample size is “enough” in internet surveyresearch?. AECT, 6 (3-4), 3-5.
Imam, O. A., Mastura, M. A., Jamil, H., & Ismail, Z. (2014). Reading comprehension skills and performance in science among high school students.
in philippines. Asia Pasific Journal of Educators and
Education, 29 (81-94), 83-84.
Javed, M., Eng, L. S., Mohamed, A. R. (2015).
Developing reading comprehension modules to facilitate reading comprehension among malaysian secondary school ESL students. International Journal of Instruction, 8 (2), 139-
Kopitski, M. (2007). Exploring the teaching of inference skills. Minnesota: Hamline University. Retrieved from http://www.google.com.
White, K. B. (2012). Understanding reading comprehension performance in high school students. Canada: Queen’s University. Retrieved from https://qspace.library. queensu.ca / bitstream
/1974/7395/1/KwiatkowskaWhite_Bozena_201
_Ph.D.pdf
Li, M. (2012). Understanding reading comprehension in english immersion students in china. Canada: Queen’s University.
Neil, et al. (1977). Reading Tactic. International
Reading Association.
Pierloni, C. (2012). Student perception of their own reading achievement and the motivational factors which affect this achievement. Fisher Digital Publications: St.John Fisher College. Retrieved from http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?articl e=1217&context=education_ETD_masters.
Preszler, J. (2006). On target: Strategies to make readers make meaning through inferences (grade
– 12). E S A Regions 6 & 7. Retrieved from http://www.rainbowschools.ca/virtual_library/tea
cher_resources/support/Making-Inferences- booklet-On-Target.pdf
Rocci, K. (2014). Inferences questions in GRE reading comprehension. Retrieved from http://magoosh. com
Silva, M., & Cain., K. (2015). The relations between lower-and higher-level comprehension skills and their role in prediction of early reading comprehension (higher level language and reading comprehension). Journal of Education Psychology, 107 (2), 321-331.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Traves, P. (1994). Teaching English. In Brindley, S (Ed.), New York: Routledge.
Virtue, S., Haberman, J., Clancy, Z., Parrish, T., & Beeman, M.J. (2006). Neural activity of inferences during story comprehension (Research Report). Elsevier Brain Research, 104-114.
Yusuf, A. Muri. (2014). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif & penelitian gabungan. Jakarta, Indonesia: Prenadamedia Group. http://www.merriam-webster.com / dictionary / perception.