Main Article Content
Abstract
Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.
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References
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- Sbisà, Marina.2003. The Rationality of Conversational Implicature. Italy: University of Trieste.
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References
Black, Elizabeth. 2006. Pragmatics Stylistics: Edinburgh Textbooks in Applied Linguistics. Great Britain: Edinburgh University Press. Retrieved on July 12 2009. From http://faculty. ksu.edu.sa/ 76518 / Linguistics / books/ pragmatic %20%20stylistics.pdf
Bottyan, Gergely. The operationality of Grice’s tests for Implicature. Retrieved on December 12 2011. From http://www.nytud.hu / cescl / proceedings /Gergely_Bottyan_CESCL.pdf
Brown, Gilian and George Yule.1998. Discourse Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Grice, H. Paul.1975. Logic and Conversation. In Syntax and Semantics (vol.3), ed. P. Cole and J.L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in Studies in the Way of Words, ed. H.P. Grice, pp 22-40. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1989).
Hornby, AS.2000. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. London: Oxford University Press.
Johnson, Lee. 2003. What Is an Utterance. Retrieved on November 31 2011. From http://www. wisegeek. com / what – is – an -utterance.html
Levinson, Stephen C.1983 Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Liddicoat, A J. 2007. An Introduction to Conversation Analysis. London: Athenaeum Press.
Moeschler, Jacques. Conversational and conventional Implicatures. Swiss: University of Geneva, retrieved on January 12 2012. from http://www.unige.ch/lettres/linguistique/moeschler/publication_pdf/implicatu e-moeschler-def.pdf
Parker, Frank.2005. Linguistics For Non Linguistics. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Rosidi, Imron. 2009. Bentuk Implikatur Dalam Kegiatan Transaksi Di Koperasi Siswa SMKN Kota Pasuruan. .retrieved on February, 12 2012. From: http://www.scribd.com/doc/51371192/ TUTURAN – SISWA – DALAM –SOSIOLINGUISTIK – BU - ID.
Sbisà, Marina.2003. The Rationality of Conversational Implicature. Italy: University of Trieste.
Sidnell. Jack. 2009. Conversation Analysis, Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Victory, Widya RP.2010. Implicature Used in Humors of Yes Man Movie. Unpublished thesis. Semarang: UMS. Retrieved 12 October 2011. from: http://lib.uin-malang.ac.id/ thesis / full chapter/06320107 - widya - rabiah - praja -victory.pdf.
Widyawati, Anis. 2010. Implicature Used In the Main Characters on the Movie Transcript of Memories of Geisha. Research paper. Malang: Universitas Islam Negeri Malik Ibrahim. Retrieved 12 October 2011. From http://lib.uin-malang.ac.id /thesis / fullchapter/06320060-anis-widyawati.ps
Wooffitt, Robin.2005.Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis: A comparative and Critical Introduction. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Yule, George.1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.