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16 November 2024
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31 December 2024
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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nature-based learning in developing gross motor skills in early childhood. The research method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest design involving two groups: an experimental group undergoing nature-based learning and a control group with conventional methods. The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in the mean score of gross motor skills from 19.70 to 26.20 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the control group only showed a small increase with an average change of 1.30 (p < 0.05). This finding indicates that nature-based learning is more effective than conventional methods in supporting early childhood gross motor skill development. The conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating nature-based learning in the early childhood education curriculum to support motor development and other developmental aspects. Further research is recommended to explore different nature-based learning approaches and their impact on holistic child development.
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How to Cite
The Effectiveness of Nature-Based Learning on Early Childhood Gross Motor Development . (2024). JURNAL PENA PAUD, 5(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.33369/jpp.v5i2.38237
References
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Adisti, Yulia, Suryadi, D., & Eka Daryati, M. (2023). Perbedaan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Kelompok B PAUD Sandhy Putra Telkom Kota Bengkulu Dan PAUD Pembina Desa Kayu Kunyit Bengkulu Selatan: Kemampuan Membaca Anak Kelompok B . Jurnal PENA PAUD, 3(2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v3i2.24328
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Kemampuan Menulis Anak Kelompok B Di PAUD Se-Gugus Anyelir Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v3i3.22268
Apriani, W., Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Persepsi Guru Terhadap Modul Media Pembelajaran Motorik Halus Pada Anak Usia Dini Se-Gugus Mawar Merah Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Asfinolia, A. (2023). Penerapan Sensory Path Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4 – 5 Tahun. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.35914/jepkm.v1i2.10
Atmojo, S. E., Rahmawati, R. D., & Anggriani, M. D. (2023). The Impact of Sets Education on Disaster Education on Student Mitigation Skills and Resilience. Nurture, 17(3), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v17i3.313
Brussoni, M., Olsen, L. L., Pike, I., & Sleet, D. A. (2012). Risky play and children’s safety: Balancing priorities for optimal child development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(9), 3134–3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093134
Choi, M.-W., & Byun, H.-R. (2010). A Study on the Actual Condition and Teachers’ Perception of Outdoor Play in Child Care Centers. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 19(1), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2010.19.1.203
Cui, Y., Poon, J., Matsubara, T., Miro, J. V., Sugimoto, K., & Yamazaki, K. (2016). Environment-adaptive interaction primitives for human-robot motor skill learning. IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803352
Daryati, M. E. (2023). Pengaruh Media Numerik Digital Terhadap Kemampuan Konsep Bilangan. Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.19105/kiddo.v4i2.9933
Daryati, M. E. . (2023). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Nasionalisme Melalui Media Klip Warna. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 10(4), 2622–2631. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v10i4.1263
Daryati , M. E. (2024). Penguatan Kemandirian Anak Berbasis Scaffolding Melalui Mendongeng. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(3), 688–694. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i3.1795
Daryati, M. E., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Meningkatkan Creative Problem Solving. Tunas Siliwangi: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Guru PAUD STKIP Siliwangi Bandung, 9(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.22460/ts.v9i2.4184
Daryati, M. E., Suryadi, D., & Hatta, M.(2021). Implementasi Pembelajaran Literature Based Menggunakan Metode Reciprocal dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Mahasiswa Terhadap Materi Mata Kuliah Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini, Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 6(1), 45-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.33369/jip.6.1. 45-56
Daryati, M. E., & Sari , J. P. (2024). Penerapan Edutaiment Pola Asuh Anak Sebagai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Keluarga Miskin. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(4), 1548–1554. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i4.1886
Daryati, M. E., Sari, D. Y., Riyanto , R., & Hatta , M. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Konsep Bilangan. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 2474–2480. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.985
De Giorgio, A. (2017). The roles of motor activity and environmental enrichment in intellectual disability. Somatosensory and Motor Research, 34(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2016.1278204
Environmental- And Nature-Based Education. (2011). 169–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wq2zz.19
Fadjariyanti, F., & Fathiyah, K. N. (2022). Analisis Permainan Tradisional Cakbikak Untuk Mengasah Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 6594–6601. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3440
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). Penerapan Permainan Halang Rintang Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4-5(kelompok A) Tahun Di Tk Hom Pim Pa. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Hartini, M., & Agustin, R. (2024). Evaluating the synergy between cultural literacy and digital learning tools in higher education. International Journal of Education and Culture, 12(1), 45–68.
Jayasuriya, A., Williams, M., Edwards, T., & Tandon, P. (2016). Parents’ Perceptions of Preschool Activities: Exploring Outdoor Play. Early Education and Development, 27(7), 1004–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1156989
Jeon, H., & Jun, S. (2021). Outdoor playground design criteria development for early childhood development: A Delphi study from the perspective of fundamental movement skills and perceptual-motor skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084159
Kamalisabeti, A. (2023). Online and Offline Virtual Training Versus Traditional Training on Theoretical Knowledge of Dentistry Students in Primary Tooth Pulp Treatment. Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, 15(3), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2023.1683
Mancini, V. O., Rigoli, D., Cairney, J., Roberts, L. D., & Piek, J. P. (2016). The Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis as a Framework for Understanding the Association Between Motor Skills and Internalizing Problems: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00239
Mancini, V. O., Rigoli, D., Heritage, B., Roberts, L. D., & Piek, J. P. (2016). The relationship between motor skills, perceived social support, and internalizing problems in a community adolescent sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00543
Murthy, M. R. K., Ramesh, A., Hariprasad, K. V, Abhishek, K. B., Edison, M., & Hoek, T. V. (2022). Teaching Hands-Only CPR (HOCPR) Skills to 8th-Grade Students in Urban Bengaluru: Development of a Comprehensive Hands-Only CPR Programme for High School Students. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 66(2), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_685_21
Nature-Based Education. (2020). 579. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95870-5_300175
Ozgen, Z. (2023). Nature-Based Education in the Light of Montessori Philosophy: Meaning, Principles and Practices. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejae.v8i1.4670
Paspiani, N. K. N. (2015). Kegiatan Latihan Gerak Dan Lagu (Jeruk Bali) Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v4i1.12340
Raval, R. N. (2023). The Importance of Traditional Outdoor Games in Children’s Cognitive and Social Development. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 3(2), 196–198. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.2.33
Smuđa, M., Stojanović-Jovanović, B., & Jovanović, S. (2020). Motor and cognitive abilities of children born before term. PONS - Medicinski Casopis, 17(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5937/pomc17-25369
Surbakti, P. F. A. M., SS, S. S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Tinjauan Guru Tentang Evaluasi Perkembangan Motorik Halus Selama Pembelajaran Daring Di Kelompok B Se-Gugus Asparagus Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 2(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i2.16776
Suryadi, D., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Analisis Perkembangan Anak Taman Kanak-kanak Di Kelurahan Kemumu, Berbasis DDST. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 7(2), 194-201.
References
Adisti, Yulia, Suryadi, D., & Eka Daryati, M. (2023). Perbedaan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Kelompok B PAUD Sandhy Putra Telkom Kota Bengkulu Dan PAUD Pembina Desa Kayu Kunyit Bengkulu Selatan: Kemampuan Membaca Anak Kelompok B . Jurnal PENA PAUD, 3(2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v3i2.24328
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Kemampuan Menulis Anak Kelompok B Di PAUD Se-Gugus Anyelir Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v3i3.22268
Apriani, W., Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Persepsi Guru Terhadap Modul Media Pembelajaran Motorik Halus Pada Anak Usia Dini Se-Gugus Mawar Merah Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Asfinolia, A. (2023). Penerapan Sensory Path Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4 – 5 Tahun. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.35914/jepkm.v1i2.10
Atmojo, S. E., Rahmawati, R. D., & Anggriani, M. D. (2023). The Impact of Sets Education on Disaster Education on Student Mitigation Skills and Resilience. Nurture, 17(3), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v17i3.313
Brussoni, M., Olsen, L. L., Pike, I., & Sleet, D. A. (2012). Risky play and children’s safety: Balancing priorities for optimal child development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(9), 3134–3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093134
Choi, M.-W., & Byun, H.-R. (2010). A Study on the Actual Condition and Teachers’ Perception of Outdoor Play in Child Care Centers. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 19(1), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2010.19.1.203
Cui, Y., Poon, J., Matsubara, T., Miro, J. V., Sugimoto, K., & Yamazaki, K. (2016). Environment-adaptive interaction primitives for human-robot motor skill learning. IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803352
Daryati, M. E. (2023). Pengaruh Media Numerik Digital Terhadap Kemampuan Konsep Bilangan. Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.19105/kiddo.v4i2.9933
Daryati, M. E. . (2023). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Nasionalisme Melalui Media Klip Warna. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 10(4), 2622–2631. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v10i4.1263
Daryati , M. E. (2024). Penguatan Kemandirian Anak Berbasis Scaffolding Melalui Mendongeng. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(3), 688–694. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i3.1795
Daryati, M. E., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Meningkatkan Creative Problem Solving. Tunas Siliwangi: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Guru PAUD STKIP Siliwangi Bandung, 9(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.22460/ts.v9i2.4184
Daryati, M. E., Suryadi, D., & Hatta, M.(2021). Implementasi Pembelajaran Literature Based Menggunakan Metode Reciprocal dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Mahasiswa Terhadap Materi Mata Kuliah Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini, Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 6(1), 45-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.33369/jip.6.1. 45-56
Daryati, M. E., & Sari , J. P. (2024). Penerapan Edutaiment Pola Asuh Anak Sebagai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Keluarga Miskin. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(4), 1548–1554. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i4.1886
Daryati, M. E., Sari, D. Y., Riyanto , R., & Hatta , M. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Konsep Bilangan. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 2474–2480. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.985
De Giorgio, A. (2017). The roles of motor activity and environmental enrichment in intellectual disability. Somatosensory and Motor Research, 34(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2016.1278204
Environmental- And Nature-Based Education. (2011). 169–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wq2zz.19
Fadjariyanti, F., & Fathiyah, K. N. (2022). Analisis Permainan Tradisional Cakbikak Untuk Mengasah Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 6594–6601. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3440
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). Penerapan Permainan Halang Rintang Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4-5(kelompok A) Tahun Di Tk Hom Pim Pa. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Hartini, M., & Agustin, R. (2024). Evaluating the synergy between cultural literacy and digital learning tools in higher education. International Journal of Education and Culture, 12(1), 45–68.
Jayasuriya, A., Williams, M., Edwards, T., & Tandon, P. (2016). Parents’ Perceptions of Preschool Activities: Exploring Outdoor Play. Early Education and Development, 27(7), 1004–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1156989
Jeon, H., & Jun, S. (2021). Outdoor playground design criteria development for early childhood development: A Delphi study from the perspective of fundamental movement skills and perceptual-motor skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084159
Kamalisabeti, A. (2023). Online and Offline Virtual Training Versus Traditional Training on Theoretical Knowledge of Dentistry Students in Primary Tooth Pulp Treatment. Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, 15(3), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2023.1683
Mancini, V. O., Rigoli, D., Cairney, J., Roberts, L. D., & Piek, J. P. (2016). The Elaborated Environmental Stress Hypothesis as a Framework for Understanding the Association Between Motor Skills and Internalizing Problems: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00239
Mancini, V. O., Rigoli, D., Heritage, B., Roberts, L. D., & Piek, J. P. (2016). The relationship between motor skills, perceived social support, and internalizing problems in a community adolescent sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00543
Murthy, M. R. K., Ramesh, A., Hariprasad, K. V, Abhishek, K. B., Edison, M., & Hoek, T. V. (2022). Teaching Hands-Only CPR (HOCPR) Skills to 8th-Grade Students in Urban Bengaluru: Development of a Comprehensive Hands-Only CPR Programme for High School Students. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 66(2), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_685_21
Nature-Based Education. (2020). 579. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95870-5_300175
Ozgen, Z. (2023). Nature-Based Education in the Light of Montessori Philosophy: Meaning, Principles and Practices. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejae.v8i1.4670
Paspiani, N. K. N. (2015). Kegiatan Latihan Gerak Dan Lagu (Jeruk Bali) Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v4i1.12340
Raval, R. N. (2023). The Importance of Traditional Outdoor Games in Children’s Cognitive and Social Development. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 3(2), 196–198. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.2.33
Smuđa, M., Stojanović-Jovanović, B., & Jovanović, S. (2020). Motor and cognitive abilities of children born before term. PONS - Medicinski Casopis, 17(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5937/pomc17-25369
Surbakti, P. F. A. M., SS, S. S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Tinjauan Guru Tentang Evaluasi Perkembangan Motorik Halus Selama Pembelajaran Daring Di Kelompok B Se-Gugus Asparagus Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 2(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i2.16776
Suryadi, D., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Analisis Perkembangan Anak Taman Kanak-kanak Di Kelurahan Kemumu, Berbasis DDST. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 7(2), 194-201.
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Kemampuan Menulis Anak Kelompok B Di PAUD Se-Gugus Anyelir Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v3i3.22268
Apriani, W., Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Persepsi Guru Terhadap Modul Media Pembelajaran Motorik Halus Pada Anak Usia Dini Se-Gugus Mawar Merah Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal PENA PAUD, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Asfinolia, A. (2023). Penerapan Sensory Path Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4 – 5 Tahun. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.35914/jepkm.v1i2.10
Atmojo, S. E., Rahmawati, R. D., & Anggriani, M. D. (2023). The Impact of Sets Education on Disaster Education on Student Mitigation Skills and Resilience. Nurture, 17(3), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v17i3.313
Brussoni, M., Olsen, L. L., Pike, I., & Sleet, D. A. (2012). Risky play and children’s safety: Balancing priorities for optimal child development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(9), 3134–3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093134
Choi, M.-W., & Byun, H.-R. (2010). A Study on the Actual Condition and Teachers’ Perception of Outdoor Play in Child Care Centers. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 19(1), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2010.19.1.203
Cui, Y., Poon, J., Matsubara, T., Miro, J. V., Sugimoto, K., & Yamazaki, K. (2016). Environment-adaptive interaction primitives for human-robot motor skill learning. IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 711–717. https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803352
Daryati, M. E. (2023). Pengaruh Media Numerik Digital Terhadap Kemampuan Konsep Bilangan. Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.19105/kiddo.v4i2.9933
Daryati, M. E. . (2023). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Nasionalisme Melalui Media Klip Warna. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 10(4), 2622–2631. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v10i4.1263
Daryati , M. E. (2024). Penguatan Kemandirian Anak Berbasis Scaffolding Melalui Mendongeng. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(3), 688–694. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i3.1795
Daryati, M. E., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Pengembangan E-Modul Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Meningkatkan Creative Problem Solving. Tunas Siliwangi: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Guru PAUD STKIP Siliwangi Bandung, 9(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.22460/ts.v9i2.4184
Daryati, M. E., Suryadi, D., & Hatta, M.(2021). Implementasi Pembelajaran Literature Based Menggunakan Metode Reciprocal dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Mahasiswa Terhadap Materi Mata Kuliah Studi Sosial Anak Usia Dini, Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 6(1), 45-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.33369/jip.6.1. 45-56
Daryati, M. E., & Sari , J. P. (2024). Penerapan Edutaiment Pola Asuh Anak Sebagai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Keluarga Miskin. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 11(4), 1548–1554. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i4.1886
Daryati, M. E., Sari, D. Y., Riyanto , R., & Hatta , M. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Konsep Bilangan. Journal of Education Research, 5(3), 2474–2480. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i3.985
De Giorgio, A. (2017). The roles of motor activity and environmental enrichment in intellectual disability. Somatosensory and Motor Research, 34(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2016.1278204
Environmental- And Nature-Based Education. (2011). 169–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wq2zz.19
Fadjariyanti, F., & Fathiyah, K. N. (2022). Analisis Permainan Tradisional Cakbikak Untuk Mengasah Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 6594–6601. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3440
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). Penerapan Permainan Halang Rintang Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4-5(kelompok A) Tahun Di Tk Hom Pim Pa. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Hartini, M., & Agustin, R. (2024). Evaluating the synergy between cultural literacy and digital learning tools in higher education. International Journal of Education and Culture, 12(1), 45–68.
Jayasuriya, A., Williams, M., Edwards, T., & Tandon, P. (2016). Parents’ Perceptions of Preschool Activities: Exploring Outdoor Play. Early Education and Development, 27(7), 1004–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1156989
Jeon, H., & Jun, S. (2021). Outdoor playground design criteria development for early childhood development: A Delphi study from the perspective of fundamental movement skills and perceptual-motor skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084159
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