Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to develop LKPD based on Toulmin's argumentation pattern to improve students' argumentation skills on salt hydrolysis material. salt hydrolysis material. The feasibility of LKPD based on Toulmin's argumentation pattern is reviewed from the validity, practicality, and effectiveness. validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research referred to the 4D design with three stages 4D design with three stages, namely defining, designing, and developing. The limited trial was conducted in class XII-4 SMAN 16 Surabaya. The results obtained include (1) The mode score for content and construct validity is ≥ 4, which is included in the valid category; (2) the mode of learner responses category is excellent; (3) the mode of learner activities and learning implementation are included in the excellent category; (4) the results of the normality test show the normality test results show a P-value> 0.100, which means it is greater than the error rate (α) of 0.100. greater than the error rate (α) of 0.05, so that the data is normally distributed; and (5) the results of the paired normal distribution; and (5) the paired sample t-test results show a P-value of of 0.000, which is smaller than than 0.05 so that H₀ is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, there is an increase in students' argumentation skills after the use of LKPD based on Toulmin's argumentation pattern.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ratna Dwi Setyorini, Rusmini

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Aji, M. C. A., Sajidan, Suranto, & Rahardjo, S. B. (2024). Model Pembelajaran EGHIL. Penerbit NEM.
Annisa, P., Gultom, F., & Debora, M. (2023). Penerapan Optimalisasi Keterampilan 4C (Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking And Problem Solving, Communication, Collaboration) Dalam Pembelajaran Contextual Oral Language Skills. Jurnal Ilmiah Korpus, 7(3), 391–399.
Arslan, H. O., Genc, M., & Durak, B. (2023). Exploring the Effect of Argument-Driven Inquiry on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Achievement, Science Process Skills, and Argumentation Skills, and Their Views on the ADI Model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 103905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103905
Chang, R. (2006). Kimia Dasar Edisi Ketiga Jilid 1. Erlangga.
Dewi, A., Safinatunnajah, F. G., Ardian, M., & Anggraeni, N. P. (2022). Modul Praktikum Metode Statistika Menggunakan Minitab. Wawasan Ilmu.
Falah, M. M., Hartono, Nugroho, S. E., & Ridho, S. (2023). Model Pelatihan Content Knowledge Berbasis Socioscientific Issues. Penerbit NEM.
Farawansyah, K. I., & Suyono, S. (2021). Pengembangan Lembar Penugasan Terstruktur pada Materi Laju Reaksi untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Argumentasi. Chemistry Education Practice, 4(2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.29303/cep.v4i2.2315
Hartati, P. (2023). Pengaruh Model Blended Learning terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Materi Program Linier Siswa SMA. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah (JP2MS), 7(1), 20–27.
Herlinawati, H., Marwa, M., Ismail, N., Junaidi, Liza, L. O., & Situmorang, Dominikus Biondi, D. (2024). The Integration of 21st Century Skills in the Curriculum of Education. Heliyon, 10(15), e35148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35148
Işıksal, B. M., Çatman, A. E., & Tekin, R. S. (2024). Nurturing Prospective Teachers’ Noticing Skills Through Argumentation: The Case of Fractions. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 54(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101659
Lutfi, A. (2021). Research and Development (R&D): Implikasi dalam Pendidikan Kimia. Jurusan KIMIA FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
Maulana, A. (2022). Analisis Validtas, Reliabilitas, dan Kelayakan Instrumen Penilaian Rasa Percaya Diri Siswa. Jurnal Kualita Pendidikan, 3(3), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.51651/jkp.v3i3.331
Muna, A. N., & Rusmini. (2021). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Argumentasi Ilmiah Peserta Didik pada Materi Laju. UNESA Journal of Chemical Education, 10(2), 159–171.
Nurjannah, E., Martini, & Susiyawati, E. (2021). Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Melalui Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbasis Sains Outdoor. Pensa E-Jurnal : Pendidikan Sains, 9(1), 29–34. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/pensa/article/view/38488/33908
Nusi, K., Laliyo, L. A. ., Suleman, N., & Abdullah, R. (2021). Description of Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Salt Hydrolysis Material. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Sains, 12(1), 2086–7328.
Partnership for 21st Skills. (2009). Framework for 21st Century Learning.
Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2007). An Introduction to Educational Design Research. In Procedings of The Seminar Conducted at the East China Normal University.
Prasetia. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Pendekatan Teori dan Praktik. UMSU Press.
Prastowo, A. (2011). Panduan Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif: Menciptakan Metode Pembelajaran yang Menarik dan Menyenangkan. Diva Press.
Priliyanti, A., Muderawan, I. W., & Maryam, S. (2021). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Dalam Mempelajari Kimia Kelas XI. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Undiksha, 5(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpk.v5i1.32402
Rahayu, M. S., Istiana, R., & Herawati, D. (2022). Pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis Argument Mapping pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Argumentasi Siswa. Bioedusiana: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 7(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.37058/bioed.v7i1.3917
Riduwan. (2015). Skala Pengukuran Variabel-Variabel Penelitian. Alfabeta.
Ristanti, S. D., & Sumarti, S. S. (2024). Analisis Pemahaman Konsep dan Kesulitan Siswa Kelas XI pada Materi Hidrolisis Garam Menggunakan Tes TTMC dan TwTMC dengan Model Problem-Based Learning. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 18(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.15294/jipk.v18i1.46418
Safitri, L., Susanti, M., Anggun, C., Wahyuni, S., Yusmar, F., & Nuha, U. (2023). Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran IPA Pada Kurikulum Merdeka Untuk Membentuk Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Studi Literatur. Jurnal Muara Pendidikan, 8(1), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.52060/mp.v8i1.1227
Safitri, W. I., & Admoko, S. (2020). Analisis Keefektifan Penggunaan Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) pada Model-Model Pembelajaran dalam Melatih Keterampilan Argumentasi dan Berpikir Kritis pada Peserta Didik SMA. Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika, 09(02), 174–181.
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sunyono. (2015). Model Pembelajaran Multipel Representasi. Media Akademi.
Susanto, A. (2017). Implementasi 6S di Perusahaan Cahaya Abadi Sukoharjo. Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta.
Thiagarajan. (1974). Instructional Development for Training Teachers of Exceptional Childerns. National Center for Improvement Educational System.
Toulmin, S. E. (2003). The Uses of Argument: Updated edition. In The Uses of Argument: Updated Edition. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840005
Zakso, A. (2023). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Dan Humaniora, 13(2), 916. https://doi.org/10.26418/j-psh.v13i2.65142