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Abstract
This research project aimed to obtain data on learning outcomes using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) method related to STEM activities in honing students' critical thinking skills in bioplastic manufacturing projects. This research used quantitative method with one group pretest-posttest design. The research targets were VII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Nalumsari as many as 22 students. The research instruments were pretest and posttest tests with analysis of homogeneity test, normality test, and N-Gain test. The test results showed that all data were normally distributed and homogeneous, so it was feasible to analyze further. The overall N-Gain average was 0.6029 (medium category), indicating an increase in critical thinking by 60.29% after learning. The indicators with the highest improvement were problem identification and analysis, while problem solving and drawing conclusions experienced low improvement. Although there are differences in each indicator, all stages of PjBL from problem determination to experience evaluation are proven to contribute to the development of students' critical thinking. This research shows that STEM-PjBL through bioplastic projects can be an alternative to contextualized science learning and 21st century skill oriented.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Melidyah Ardi, Henry Setya Budhi

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Allanta, T. R., & Puspita, L. (2021). Analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis dan self efficacy peserta didik: Dampak PjBL-STEM pada materi ekosistem. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v7i2.42441
Bayu, A., Nandiyanto, D., Fiandini, M., Hofifah, S. N., Ragadhita, R., Fitria, D., Husaeni, A., Novia, D., Maryanti, R., & Masek, A. (2022). Collaborative Practicum with Experimental Demonstration for Teaching the Concept of Production of Bioplastic to Vocational Students to Support the Sustainability Development Goals. JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING, 14(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet
Coppola, G., Gaudio, M. T., Lopresto, C. G., Calabro, V., Curcio, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2021). Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment. In Earth Systems and Environment (Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 231–251). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-021-00208-7
Dewi, N. N. S. K., Arnyana, I. B. P., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2023). Project Based Learning Berbasis STEM: Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 6(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v6i1.59857
Dito, S. B., & Pujiastuti, H. (2021). Dampak Revolusi Industri 4.0 Pada Sektor Pendidikan: Kajian Literatur Mengenai Digital Learning Pada Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Jurnal Sains Dan Edukasi Sains, 4(2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v4i2p59-65
Dwi Amalia, F., Setiawan, F., Dian Ayu Afiani, K., Guru Sekolah Dasar, P., & Muhammadiyah Surabaya, U. (n.d.). PROJECT BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI SOLUSI MELATIH KETRAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA SD DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS.
Fauzi, A. (2016). Mind Mapping on Development of Human Resource of Education. Journal of Educational Issues, 2(2), 407. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v2i2.10222
Fitriani, A., Zubaidah, S., & Hidayati, N. (2022). The quality of student critical thinking: A survey of high schools in Bengkulu, Indonesia. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 8(2), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v8i2.18129
Ghafar, Z. N. (2023). The Impact of Critical Thinking on Learners to Increase their Self regulate in the Education Process: An Overview. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.61424/ijah.v1i1.13
Imam Muslim, R., Akrom, M., Tri Wuryani, M., Bagus Primadoni, A., & Kusumawati, D. (2023). Pengaruh Pendekatan STEM-PJBL Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. LAMBDA : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA Dan Aplikasinya, 3(3), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.58218/lambda.v3i3.724
Poerwati, C. E., Cahaya, I. M. E., & Suryaningsih, N. M. A. (2021). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbasis Eksperimen Sederhana dalam Pengenalan Sains Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(3), 1472–1479. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1233
Retno, B., Sahida, D., Tomi, D., Viktor Purhanudin, M., Wilson Sitopu, J., Pancasila, U., Lenteng Agung Raya No, J., Sawah, S., Jagakarsa, K., Jakarta Selatan, K., Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, D., Muhammadiyah Sungai Penuh, S., Martadinata No, J. R., Sungai Penuh, P., Sungai Penuh, K., Sungai Penuh, K., Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, U., & Arif Rahman Hakim, J. (n.d.). Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Sejak Dini Dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Journal on Education, 06(01), 74–81.
Sukmawijaya, Y., & Juhanda, A. (2019). PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STEM-PJBL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN. BioEdUIN, 9.
Vani Rulita, O. (2024). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Menggunakan Model PBL, SAVI, dan Snowball Throwing. In Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Konseling (Vol. 1, Issue 4). https://jurnal.ittc.web.id/index.php/jpdsk
Wati, P., Nusantara, T., & Utama, C. (2024). Efektivitas PjBL-STEM Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(2), 126–143. https://doi.org/10.37329/CETTA.V7I2.3264
Wesnedi, C., & Imron Rosadi, K. (2022). FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM TRADISI KESISTEMAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v2i2
Yasfin, N., Putri, E., Purwaningsih, E., & Ekawati, R. (2024). TANTANGAN DAN STRATEGI GURU DALAM PENERAPAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CRITICAL THINKING SISWA SD. 15(4), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.31764
Yeni setyowati, & Litasari Aldila Aribowo. (2024). Literature review: efektifitas PjBL-STEM meningkatkan keterampilan abad 21 dalam pembelajaran IPA di SMP. Science Education and Development Journal Archives, 2(2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.59923/sendja.v2i2.225