Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the classification and distribution of questions in two Grade VII science textbooks under the Merdeka Curriculum on the topic of motion and force, published by Kemendikbudristek (2021) and Erlangga. The research employed a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, focusing on categorizing questions based on the Question Category System for Science (QCSS), which distinguishes four levels of thinking skills: cognitive memory, convergent, divergent, and evaluative. The data consisted of 103 questions identified from both textbooks and were supported by preliminary interviews with junior high school science teachers. The findings indicate that both textbooks consistently place convergent thinking as the dominant category, with 70% in Kemendikbudristek and 71.83% in Erlangga. However, significant differences emerge in higher-order thinking skills: the Kemendikbudristek textbook emphasizes divergent questions (61.53%) that encourage creativity and idea exploration, while the Erlangga textbook prioritizes evaluative questions (77.77%) that strengthen critical reasoning and decision-making. These findings reveal different pedagogical orientations, with Kemendikbudristek focusing more on fostering creativity and exploration, while Erlangga emphasizes critical thinking skills. In conclusion, both textbooks are relevant in fostering convergent thinking skills, yet a balanced proportion of divergent and evaluative questions is needed to comprehensively support students’ critical, creative, and scientific thinking in accordance with the demands of 21st-century learning.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Kholifa Nur Afia, Siti Romlah Noer Hodijah, Rt. Bai Rohimah

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References
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References
Abdussamad, H. Z. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kualititaif. Makasar : Syakir Media Press.
Angga, Suryana, C., Nurwahidah, I., Hernawan, A. H., & Prihantini. (2022). Komparasi Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 5877–5889.
Anggraeni, S., & Taufiq, M. (2021). Implementation of Quizizz Online Evaluation Tools With STEM Approach to Measure Analytical Skills of the Junior High School Students. Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v5i1.17921
Basis, U. A., Manongko, A., & Tiwow, G. M. (2020). Model Pengembangan Pembelajaran Higher Order Thingking Skill (HOTS) Pada Siswa Di SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon. LITERACY - Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 1(2), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.53682/literacyjpe.v1i2.612
Blosser, P. E. (2000). No TitleHow to Ask The Right Questions. Columbus. OH: Professor of Science Education.
Fadli, S., & Supratman, M. (2024). Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Ditinjau Dari Disposisi Matematika Siswa. CENDEKIA Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan, 4(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v4i1.2752
Fitra, D. K. (2022). Analisis Penerapan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Materi Tata Surya Di Kelas VII SMP. Tunjuk Ajar Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(2), 278. https://doi.org/10.31258/jta.v5i2.278-290
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of bloom’s taxonomy: An overview. In Theory into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
Laila, R. N., Assunniyah, N., Nugroho, N. S. A., Sari, R. G. P., Suwandi, S., & Setiyoningsih, T. (2022). Implementation of Pancasila Student Profile in the Merdeka Curriculum For High School in Sragen Regency. Al Hikmah Journal of Education, 3(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.54168/ahje.v3i1.111
Lubis, N. S., Khairuna, K., & Adlini, M. N. (2024). Analisis Buku Teks Biologi Sma Kelas XI Kurikulum 2013 Dan Kurikulum Merdeka Berdasarkan Literasi Ilmiah. SCIENCE Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 4(3), 207–213. https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v4i3.3065
Maladona, A., & Ilmiyati, N. (2025). Analisis Pedagogical Content Knowledge Pada Buku Teks Siswa Ipa Kelas VIII Untuk Digunakan Dalam Proses Pembelajaran. SCIENCE Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 4(4), 659–669. https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v4i4.4221
Mubarok, H., Anggraini, D. M., & Charis, A. (2023). The Urgency of Critical Thinking Character for Elementry Student. QUALITY, 11(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v11i1.20523
Muharromah, S. D., & Ibrahim, M. (2021). Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Numbered Heads Together(NHT) Untuk Mengurangi Dominasi Peserta Didik. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (Bioedu), 10(2), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.26740/bioedu.v10n2.p343-351
Novitasari, D. (2021). Analisis Pertanyaan pada Buku Ajar Kimia Materi Stoikiometri Kelas X SMA Negeri di Surakarta Berdasarkan Question Category System For Science (QCSS). Pharmacognosy Magazine, 75(17), 399–405.
Nugroho, R., & Suryadi, B. (2021). Peran Buku Teks dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa SMP. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 10(2), 89–101.
Nurrohmah, S. (2023). Analisis Pertanyaan Pada Buku Teks Ipa Smp Berdasarkan Question Category System For Science (QCSS) Pokok Bahasan Suhu, Kalor, Dan Pemuaian. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Tidar.
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en
Prasetyo, N. H., & Firmansyah, D. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII dalam Soal High Order Thinking Skill. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 8(1), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i1.1958
Putrianingsih, S. (2020). Pengenalan Pola Berfikir Untuk Anak Sejak Dini. Pengenalan Pola Berfikir Untuk Anak Sejak Dini, 6(1), 120.
Rahmadayanti, D., & Hartoyo, A. (2022). Potret Kurikulum Merdeka, Wujud Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 7174–7187. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.1230
Ramlah. (2015). Pengaruh Kemampuan Mengingat Terhadap Hasil Belajar Ipa Peserta Didik Kelas VI MI An-Nashar Makassar. Skripsi. Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan UIN Alauddin Makassar.
Reza, M., Puspita, K., & Oktaviani, C. (2021). Quantitative Analysis Towards Higher Order Thinking Skills of Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions for University Admission. Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA, 5(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v5i2.20508
Wahyuni, S., & Widiastuti, A. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Sumber Belajar yang Bervariasi terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(1), 45–56.
