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Abstract
Volcanic ash poses a serious threat to aviation due to its abrasive nature and its tendency to melt at high temperatures, as evidenced by the 1982 British Airways incident at Mount Galunggung. The eruption of Mount Lewotobi from November 7 to 18, 2024, caused ash dispersion that disrupted operations at 13 airports, resulting in the cancellation of hundreds of domestic flights and dozens of international flights. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing secondary data, to evaluate how the impacts of the eruption on aviation were managed. The results show that the response was carried out effectively in accordance with Regulation No. PM 95 of 2018, with no serious incidents reported. This was achieved through coordinated dissemination of VONA, VAA, and SIGMET reports, as well as the issuance of ASHTAM and NOTAM. Recommendations are focused on enhancing coordination, strengthening monitoring, and updating aviation operational procedures.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rosi Fitria, Asep Adang Supriyadi, Syachrul Arief, Dangan Waluyo
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Aydar, E., Çubukçu, H., Bal, Ç., Cluzel, N., Aladag, Ç., Ersoy, O., & Laporte, D. (2024). Volcanic jets to commercial jets: synopsis and diagnosis. Bulletin of Volcanology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01759-z.
Ambrosius Ardin (2024). 69 Penerbangan Batal Akibat Erupsi Lewotobi, Penumpang Tertahan di Bandara. https://www.detik.com/bali/nusra/d-7638904/69-penerbangan-batal-akibat-erupsi-lewotobi-penumpang-tertahan-di-bandara diakses pada 10 Juni 2026
Amir, E., Arti, E. S., Wagini, D., Sadiatmi, R., Maruli, T. A., Muzaki, M. F., & Permatasari, N. A., & Endrawijaya, I. (2024). NOTAM ASHTAM and SNOWTAM procedure for Air Traffic Services personnel. Community Development Journal, 5(6), 11937–11943
Ananda, W. S., Amestiasih, T., Rahil, N. H., & Lanni, F. (2023). Factors Related to Community Preparedness in Dealing with a Mountain Disaster Erupting: A Literature Review. RSF Conference Proceeding Series: Medical and Health Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.31098/cpmhs.v2i1.622
Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG). (n.d.). Satelit Cuaca. Diakses pada 7 November 2024, dari https://www.bmkg.go.id/cuaca/satelit#satelit-20
Bureau of Meteorology. (2025). Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisories. Commonwealth of Australia. Diakses pada 7 November 2024, dari https://www.bom.gov.au/aviation/volcanic-ash/darwin-va-advisory.shtml
Casadevall, T. J. (1994). The 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: impacts on aircraft operations. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 62(1–4), 301–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)90038-8
Charlton, T. (2000). Tertiary evolution of the Eastern Indonesia Collision Complex. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 18, 603-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00049-8.
Cummins, P. R. (2017). Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth science for disaster risk reduction - introduction. In Geological Society Special Publication (Vol. 441, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.11
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2022). Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation. 20th Edition. ICAO.
Marzocchi, W., & Papale, P. (2019). Volcanic threats to global society. In Science (Vol. 363, Issue 6433). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7201
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor PM 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Peraturan Keselamatan Penerbangan Sipil Bagian 174 (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations Part 174).
Popova, D., & Sazhenkov, A. (2022). EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH ON AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES. Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, 70. https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2022.70.12
Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. (n.d.). VONA – Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation. MAGMA Indonesia. Diakses pada 19 November 2024, dari https://magma.esdm.go.id/v1/vona?code=LWK&page=77#Rahmandhala, I., Supriyadi, A., Prihanto, Y., Arief, S., Mulyaningsih, S., & Wiloso, D. (2024). The Facies Modeling of Muria Volcano in the Kedungbamban Area Using GIS. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v3i9.11606.
Simkin, T., & Siebert, L. (1994). Volcanoes of the World (2nd ed.). Geoscience Press.
SKYbrary Aviation Safety. (n.d.). ASHTAM. Diakses dari https://skybrary.aero/articles/ashtam