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Abstract
Energy security is a strategic element in supporting sustainable development and national security, particularly in Indonesia's outermost islands. Wetar Island in Southwest Maluku Regency faces serious challenges in the form of high dependence on fuel oil and limited energy distribution systems. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the challenges of distribution and dependence on BBM and their impact on the energy security of Wetar Island. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method through analysis of policy documents, energy institution reports, and related scientific studies. The results of the study show that the dominance of BBM, logistical obstacles due to geographical conditions, and high energy costs have led to low resilience in the local energy system. In addition, the limited use of renewable energy has increased the region's energy vulnerability. This study emphasises the need for energy diversification, strengthening of local infrastructure, and integration of central and regional policies in order to achieve sustainable energy security for Wetar Island.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Amany Zhafira Akbar, Donny Yoesgiantoro, Nugroho Adi Sasongko
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2012). Energy access programmes and sustainable development: A critical review. Energy for Sustainable Development, 16(3), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2012.05.002
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-for-sustainable-development
Chaurey, A., & Kandpal, T. C. (2010). Assessment and evaluation of PV based decentralized rural electrification. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(8), 2266–2278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.04.005
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews
Cherp, A., & Jewell, J. (2014). The concept of energy security: Beyond the four As. Energy Policy, 75, 415–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.005
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-policy
International Energy Agency (IEA). (2019). Energy Security. Paris: IEA. https://www.iea.org
Jewell, J., Cherp, A., & Riahi, K. (2014). Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios. Energy Policy, 65, 743–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.011
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia. (2023). Kebijakan Energi Nasional. Jakarta: KESDM.
Mainali, B., & Silveira, S. (2015). Using a sustainability index to assess energy technologies for rural electrification. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 1351–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.013
PT PLN (Persero). (2022). Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) 2021–2030. Jakarta: PLN.
Sovacool, B. K., & Mukherjee, I. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring energy security: A synthesized approach. Energy, 36(8), 5343–5355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.043
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy
Ulsrud, K., Winther, T., Palit, D., Rohracher, H., & Sandgren, J. (2015). The solar transitions research on solar mini-grids in India. Energy Policy, 76, 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.11.022
Walker, G., & Devine-Wright, P. (2008). Community renewable energy: What should it mean? Energy Policy, 36(2), 497–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.10.019
Yadoo, A., & Cruickshank, H. (2012). The role for low carbon electrification technologies in poverty reduction. Energy Policy, 42, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.043
Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring energy security. Foreign Affairs, 85(2), 69–82. https://www.foreignaffairs.com