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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the cognitive level demands and science process skills represented in the 2025 senior high school Physics Academic Competency Test (TKA) simulation questions based on the national assessment framework. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis on a dataset of 20 Physics TKA simulation questions. The analysis instrument was developed based on the Physics TKA assessment framework, categorizing items into three cognitive levels (understanding, application, and analysis-evaluation) and four indicators of science process skills (observing, questioning and predicting, planning and conducting investigations, and analyzing and communicating data). The results show that the cognitive demands of the simulation questions were dominated by the application level (40%), followed by analysis-evaluation (35%) and understanding (25%). In terms of science process skills, all items involved observing and questioning-predicting skills (100%). However, analyzing and communicating data appeared in 20% of the items, while planning and conducting investigations was not identified in any item. This study is limited to simulation questions and therefore does not represent the characteristics of the operational Physics TKA items. Further research is needed to analyze the official Physics TKA 2025 questions to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of cognitive demands and science process skills, as well as to examine their consistency with the assessment framework of TKA.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Anastasia Martha Kenek Udak, Maria Enjelina Suban, Sonia Seliana Djara Dima

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Aditiyas, S. E., & Kuswanto, H. (2024). Analisis Implementasi Keterampilan Proses Sains Di Indonesia Pada Pembelajaran Fisika : Literatur Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Fisika, 15(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v15i2.15912
Anggraeni, C. D., Junus, M., & Damayanti, P. (2023). Analisis Soal Latihan pada Buku Soal Fisika Kelas XI Berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom Revisi Dilihat dari Prespektif Higher Order Thinking Skill Pada Pokok Bahasan Fluida. http://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JLPF
Apriliani, F. N., Damayanti, P., Qadar, D. R., Studi, P., Fisika, P., & Mulawarman, U. (2024). Analisis Soal Fisika Level HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Ujian Sumatif Kelas X SMA/MA di KotaTarakan. http://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JLPF
Aprillia, A., Qadar, R., & Efwinda, S. (2023). Using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy to Evaluate the Cognitive Levels of Questions in Indonesian High School Physics Textbooks. International Journal of STEM Education for Sustainability, 3(1), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.52889/ijses.v3i1.93
Arsyad, A. A., Muhiddin, St. M. A., Yanto, N., & Syakur, A. (2024). Analisis Keterampilan Proses Sains pada Pembelajaran IPA Setelah Pandemi Covid-19: Literatur Review. Sainsmat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 13(2), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat132515432024
Erniyanti, Junus, M., & Syam, M. (2020). Analisis Ranah Kognitif Soal Latihan (Number 2). http://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JLPF
Munaroh, N. L. (2024). Asesmen dalam Pendidikan : Memahami Konsep,Fungsi dan Penerapannya. Dewantara : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Humaniora, 3(3), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v3i3.2915
Perkaban Nomor 45 Tahun 2025 Tentang Kerangka Asesmen TKA SMA-MA Dan SMK-MAK (2025). https://pusmendik.kemdikbud.go.id/tka/page/download_file/564885_44
Permendikbudristek Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 Tentang Asesmen Nasional (2021). https://pusmendik.kemdikbud.go.id/an/page/download_file/750579_12
Ramadhan, D., & Wasis. (2013). Analisis Perbandingan Level Kognitif dan Keterampilan Proses Sains dalam Standar Isi (SI), Soal Ujian Nasional (UN), Soal Trends in TIMSS, dan Soal Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). In Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika (Vol. 02). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/inovasi-pendidikan-fisika/article/view/1011
Ratnasari, D., Sukarmin, S., Suparmi, S., & Harjunowibowo, D. (2018). Analysis of science process skills of summative test items in physics of grade X in Surakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.10439
Riani, V. R., & Ramalis, T. R. (2020). Pengembangan Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SMA pada Materi Listrik dan Magnet dengan Analisis Teori Respons Butir. Wahana Pendidikan Fisika, 5(2), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.17509/wapfi.v5i2.7567
Sitasari, N. W. (2022). Mengenal Analisa Konten Dan Analisa Tematik Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif Forum Ilmiah. 19(1), 77. https://ejurnal.esaunggul.ac.id/index.php/Formil/article/view/5082
Suciati, & Mulyani. (2025). Assessment For Learning: Continuous Improvement dalam Pembelajaran. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v7i5.8589
Sugiyono. (2007). Statistik untuk Penelitian. Alfabeta Bandung.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta Bandung.
Susilowati, N. I., Liliawati, W., & Rusdiana, D. (2023). Science Process Skills Test Instruments in The New Indonesian Curriculum (Merdeka): Physics Subject in Renewable Energy Topic. Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 3(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijotis.v3i2.60112
